Leukemia

Question 1

leukemia

Answer 1

• proliferation of WBCs that are present in circulation

- inc prevalence in children and young adults

Question 2

classification of leukemia

Answer 2

• lymphocytic (lymphocytes)
• acute or chronic
• myelogenous (monocytes, granulocytes)

Question 3

lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 3

CA of the lymphoid stem cell line

Question 4

myelogenous leukemia

Answer 4

CA of the myeloid stem cell line

Question 5

acute leukemia

Answer 5

more aggressive –> blast cells impacted (immature cells - higher up = worse prognosis)

Question 6

chronic leukemia

Answer 6

• surviving long term

- Tx to control progression, - - less aggressive –> mature cells impacted (lower down = better prognosis)

Question 7

etiology

Answer 7

idiopathic –> mutated genes (don’t know cause of mutated genes)

Question 8

risk factors

Answer 8

• smoking
• genetic predisposition
• radiation exposure (form free radicals that impact normal cell’s DNA)
• immunodeficiency (immune response normally eradicates CA cells before they have time to proliferate)
• T-cell leukemia virus (virus cannot replicate outside of cells, so they must get inside cells)

Question 9

T-cell leukemia virus

Answer 9

• virus gets inside T cells and takes genetic info and incorporates it into the host cell’s DNA, causing a mutation
• T-cell virus impacts other cells too

Question 10

mnfts

Answer 10

• anemia, thrombocytopenia & leukopenia
• bleeding d/t dec platelets (ex. bruise easily)
• generalized pain
• recurrent infections d/t impaired IR –> fever
• fatigue & weakness from dec O2 (anemia)

Question 11

Dx

Answer 11

• blood and bone marrow assessment

Question 12

Tx

Answer 12

• radiation & chemotherapy
• antimicrobials
• transfusions
• colony stimulating factors (inc production of blood cells)
• marrow or stem cell transplant (more severe cases)

Question 13

radiation & chemotherapy for Tx of leukemia

Answer 13

• induction –> induce remission
• consolidation –> intensification (reduce # of leukemia cells in body)
• maintenance –> dec dosage and maintain normal Fx for few years