Leukemias

Question 1

Acute leukemia

Answer 1

Abnormal proliferstion of precursors

Question 2

Chronic leukemia

Answer 2

Abnormal proliferation of mature cells

Question 3

L stands for

Answer 3

Lymphoblasts

Question 4

M Stands for

Answer 4

Myeloid line of stem cells

Question 5

Most of our lymphocytes are

Answer 5

B cells

Question 6

AML

Answer 6

Acute myelobkastic leukemia, bunch of myelobkasts precursors

Question 7

Myelogenous or myelobkastic

Answer 7

Mature myeloid cells proliferating

Question 8

ALL

Answer 8

Acute, in bone marrow or precursors, abnormal of lymphoblasts, all that exists I. Bone marrow are lymphoblasts. No room for myeloid line to proliferate. So deficiency in myeloid cells, some red blood cells but so squeezed that get liched off on way out of bone which look like tear drop.

Question 9

Thrombocytopenia shows as

Answer 9

Superficial bleeding, increased bleeding tume

Question 10

ALL occurs in

Answer 10

Children

Question 11

AML

Answer 11

Myeloid are abnormally proliferating, crows out bc so li has off as exiting so tear drops cells, those myeloid blasts NEVER differentiate into normal cells so you get petechial bleeding.

Question 12

Fever, night sweats, petechial bleeding, bone pain, hepatisplenomegaly, enlarged Ln

Answer 12

Leukemia patients

Question 13

Greater than 30% lymphoblasts in blood, children

Answer 13

ALL

Question 14

Chrom deletion or somatic hyoermutation, scant cytoplasms, hepatosplenomegaly, Lymohocytosis (lots of lymphocytes), 20-30% have thrombocytopenia,, male adults (average age of Dx is 70 years old)

Answer 14

CLL

Question 15

AML

Answer 15

Acute, bone marrow, myelobkastic proliferate, the myeloblasts differentiate into something that proliferates. Ex, an erythroblasts proliferates. auer rods are pathognomonic. Echymosis, petechial. Greater than 30% myelobkasts. Occurs in adults (average age is 67) range is from 0 to elderly.

Question 16

CML

Answer 16

Myelogenous line is abnormally proliferating, Philadelphia chromosome, hypecelukar marriw, elevated eosinophils and basophils, massively increased WBC count (more than 200k), mature myeloid are seen in periphery, average age is 60-65

Question 17

Auer rods

Answer 17

AML

Question 18

Azurophikic granular material forming elongated needles in cytoplasm of leukemia blasts

Answer 18

Auer rods in AML

Question 19

Sudan strains for

Answer 19

Fat

Question 20

Sudan black stains positive in

Answer 20

Myeloblasts for AML

Question 21

Translocation for AML variant M3

Answer 21

Translocation 15;17

Question 22

Blast cells are seen in

Answer 22

ALL

Question 23

Most common pediatric malignancy

Answer 23

ALL

Question 24

TDT, Cd10 and CD19

Answer 24

B- ALL

Question 25

Cd1a, cd2, cd3, cd4, cd5, cd7 y cd8

Answer 25

T-ALL

Question 26

ALL stain positive for

Answer 26

PAS, stains the carbohydrate macromolecules

Question 27

SVC Syndrome

Answer 27

Enlarged head, flushing, vision issues, could have upper extremity edema if it is at the brachicephalic junction.

Question 28

Stridor

Answer 28

Louder and high pitched than whiz. Sounds like a whistle. When you breath in.

Question 29

Inspiratory whiz

Answer 29

Airway compromise.

Question 30

Why does AML carry a worse prognosis than ALL?

Answer 30

Because person can not generate neutrophils or macrophages

Question 31

Methotrexate is used for which one? ALL or AML?

Answer 31

ALL

Question 32

Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils proliferate

Answer 32

CML

Question 33

CML originate in the ———— and not in the ———

Answer 33

Periphery, bone marrow

Question 34

Blast crisis

Answer 34

Reverts back to being acute leukemia so you’d see greater than 20% blasts in blood and it can be myelobkasts or lymphoblasts and that can lead to bone pain.

Question 35

Greater than 30% myeloblasts

Answer 35

Acute leukemia

Question 36

Smudge cells

Answer 36

Fragile lymphocytes, with no cell membrane and no nuclear structure, seen in CLL

Question 37

Seen in over the age of 50. Average age of presentation is 70

Answer 37

CLL

Question 38

CLL

Answer 38

Best prognosis because lymphocytes are functional produce antibodies even though* Not at normal amount, but well enough.

Question 39

If WBC in CLL becomes too great, then risk of

Answer 39

Thrombosis because it clogs vessels.

Question 40

If WBC in CLL becomes too great, then risk of ?

Answer 40

Thrombosis because it clogs vessels.

Question 41

Guy in 40s, lymph nodes enlarged. It was huge, and Inside, it was Completely black. No Sx other than that enlarged LN.

Answer 41

Metastatic melanoma from bottom of his foot - acrolentifinous melanoma

Question 42

Most common type of melanoma

Answer 42

Superficial spreading

Question 43

Reed sternberg cells

Answer 43

Hodkin’s lymphoma

Question 44

Cd15 y cd30 positive, muktinucleated cells, cd20 y cd45 negative

Answer 44

Reed sternberg cells, Hodkin’s lymphoma

Question 45

Hodkin’s age of appearance

Answer 45

Bimodal distrobution: 16-44 y more than 55

Question 46

Hodkin’s with Mst RS cells

Answer 46

Mixed cellularity, seen in EBV, HIV and elderly population

Question 47

Overexpression of bcl2 antiapoptotic gene

Answer 47

Follicular lymphoma, t(14;18)

Question 48

Tingible bodily macrophages, a macrophage with a dead tumor cells inside gives the look of a starry sky

Answer 48

Burkitt

Question 49

Children with chronic malaria can suffer from this lymphoma

Answer 49

Burkitt

Question 50

Seen in Africa, big mass in jaw, also distan ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney

Answer 50

Burkitt

Question 51

Can present as a Bowel obstruction in AIDS patient early on in AIDS.

Answer 51

Burkitt

Question 52

Hemorrhagic cystitis caused by

Answer 52

Cyclophosphamide

Question 53

Cyclophosphamide gets metabolized into ——- which damages the epithelium.

Answer 53

Acroline, which damages the epithelium. causing cystitis

Question 54

To prevent toxicity of cyclophosphamide give

Answer 54

MESNA

Question 55

Bone marrow proliferation can cause primary ——-

Answer 55

Polycythemia Vera

Question 56

Headache, hypertension, hyoercoagulable, vertigo, itchy after hot shower - mast cell degranulation causes pruritis

Answer 56

Polycythemia Vera

Question 57

How to treat polycythemia Vera?

Answer 57

Phlebotomy

Question 58

All cell lines depleted

Answer 58

Aplastic anemia

Question 59

Drugs that cause aplastic anemia

Answer 59

Chloramphenicol, AZT, benzene, vinbkastine

Question 60

Destruction and subsequent scarring of the bone marrow

Answer 60

Myelofibrosis

Question 61

Citrate, found in blood in transfusion, binds to —— in the blood and causes ——

Answer 61

Calcium, hypocalcemia

Question 62

Mephalam

Answer 62

Treats multiple myeloma Alkylation agents

Question 63

PSA

Answer 63

Cancer antigen, prostate

Question 64

CEA antigen

Answer 64

Colon, liver

Question 65

AFP antigen

Answer 65

Yolk sac cancers

Question 66

S-100

Answer 66

Melanoma