Features of an acute inflammatory leukogram
+++neutrophilia (not always present)
+/- toxic change
+/- left shift
+/- monocytosis
What diseases might cause an acute inflammatory leukogram?
Infected wound
Pneumonia
Pyelonephritis
Cattle differences with acute inflammation leukogram
- May only show hyperfibrinogenaemia with no inflammatory leukogram with acute infections
- Show transient leukopaenia (have small storage pool)
Features of a severe inflammatory leukogram
- Marked neutrophilia (>50x10^9)
- Regenerative left shift (bands,metamyel,myel)
Causes of severe acute inflammatory leukogram?
- Intense suppurative inflammation or sepsis
- Pneumonia
- Pyothorax
- Peritonitis
- Pyometron
- Necrotic tumour
- DDx: paraneoplastic syndrome, myeloid leukaemia
Which animals have the most extreme to least extreme neutrophil response? (cat,horse,cattle,dog)
Features of overwhelming Inflammatory Leukogram
- Neutropenia +/- degenerative left shift
+/- Lymphopenia
+/- Monocytosis
Causes of overwhelming inflammatory leukogram?
Acute sepsis
- Intestinal perforation
- Ruptured pyometron
- Endotoxxaemia, Gram -ve infections
=marrow unable to meet demand
DDx: Bone marrow disease
Features of a chronic Inflammatory leukogram
Neutrophilia
+/- slight regenerative left shift
+/- lymphocytosis
+ monocytosis
What diseases may cause chronic inflammatory leukogram?
Severe pyoderma
Necrotic neoplasia
Chronic hepatitis
Fungal infections
Features of a Glucocorticoid/Stress leukogram
Lymphopenia (decreased release from nodes, margination)
+/- neutrophilia (no toxic or left shift as they are from marginating pool and storage pool)
+/- Eosinopenia (decreased marrow release)
+/- monocytosis in dogs (marginating to circulating)
Features of physiologic Leukocytosis
Adrenalin mediated
- cells from marginating to circulating
- Most profound in cats
- short duration
- animal is healthy
Features of granulocytic hypoplasia leukogram
- Persistent Neutropenia (minimal or no left shift)
- greater than 5 days
Causes of granulocytic hypoplasia
Decreased bone marrow production of granulocytes
- cyclic neutropenia of grey collies
- immune mediated neutropenia
- drug toxicity
- myelodysplastic syndrome
Features of hypoadrenocorticism leukogram
-lack of stress
+/- lymphocytosis
+/- eosinophilia
Electrolytes
- hyperkalaemia
- hyponatraemia and hypochloridaemia
Features of myeloid leukaemia leukogram
mod-> marked leukocytosis
Acute myeloid leukaemia - myeloblasts +/- differentiated cells
Chronic myeloid leukaemia - differentiated cells, mimics inflammatory leukogram (all blood cells increased)
What does this leukogram indicate?
Overwhelming Inflammation
What does this leukogram indicate?
Acute inflammatory leukogram
What does this leukogram indicate?
Chronic inflammatory leukogram
What does this leukogram indicate?
Severe acute inflammation
What does this leukogram indicate?
Physiologic leukocytosis
OR
Chronic inflammation
What does this leukogram indicate?
Granulocytic Hypoplasia
