brief detainment of an individual based on reasonable suspicion for the purpose of determining the individual’s identity and resolving officer suspicions
threshold inquiry
when an officer based on specific and articulable facts believes an individual has committed, is committing or is about to commit a criminal offense
reasonable suspicion
an individual has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a criminal offense
unlawful design
what is the purpose of a threshold inquiry
best described as a hunch, gut feeling
mere suspicion
exists when an officer reasonably believes a person has committed a crime
probable case
what can probable cause be based on
direct observations or combination of:
prior criminal record
flight from police
giving evasive or conflicting responses
what actions can an officer take when they have probable cause
arrest
what actions can an officer take when they have reasonable suspicion
threshold inquiry
what actions can an officer take when they have mere suspicion
observe
patting down of outer clothing and the area within immediate control of the person for weapons
frisk
what is needed to conduct a frisk
when can a frisk be conducted?
(4 times)
according to MGL Chapter 41, Section 98: “Police officers may examine all persons whom they have ____”
reason to suspect of unlawful design
name a couple of best practices:
what is an FIO/E
field interaction observation encounter
systematically using one or all 5 sense with the intent to discover
observation
how people use one or all of the 5 sense to understand something
perception
how people learn from past experiences
recollection
what are some internal factors that impact how people discover, understand and learn
what are some external factors that impact how people discover, understand and learn
what is the OODA loop
decision making process developed by fighter pilots
what does OODA loop stand for:
O - observe something
O - orient self to the observation
D - decide what to do
A - act on the decision
what is the goal when using OODA loop
accurately completing it faster than suspects