lexicology

Question 1

lexicology

Answer 1

study of lexical units (not words) and relations among them; also study of lexis - stock of words in a language

Question 2

lexical units vs. lexemes

Answer 2

LU: 1 form, 1 meaning
L: 1 form, many meanings

Question 3

lexeme

Answer 3

sth found in a dictionary, uninflected (dog)

Question 4

word form

Answer 4

sth found in a sentence, concrete manifestation of a lexeme (dogS)

Question 5

paradigmatic relations between lexical units

Answer 5

• synonymy: 1 meaning, many forms,
• homonymy: 1 form, many UNRELATED meanings,
• polysemy: 1 form, many RELATED meanings
• antonymy: oppositeness, 2 forms 2 different meanings,
• hyponymy: from general to specific (tree->palm tree)

Question 6

homophones vs. homographs

Answer 6

Hphones: different spelling, same pronunciation
Hgraphs: same spelling, different meaning

Question 7

relationships of antonyms

Answer 7

complementary: no middle ground (male/female)
narrow-sense: existence of one doesn’t imply the other (water - cold, luke-warm, hot)
converseness: giveget, John is Mary’s husband so Mary is John’s wife

Question 8

syntagmatic relations in the lexicon

Answer 8

• collocations: set phrase, units that occur together,
• idioms: 2 units have a meaning that is different form dictionary definition of individual words,
• shifts of meaning,
• proverbs: saying based on a common sense

Question 9

metonymy vs. metaphor

Answer 9

M1: substitution of one word for the other based on their associations
M2: comparison w/o using like or as

Question 10

lexicon and mental lexicon

Answer 10

L: mental vocabulary of relations and rules of words
ML: where all the info about language is stored