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LF Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Q1. According to STP - What are the 3 Golden rules to follow when applying foam?

A
  • Do not begin to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the fuel spill
  • Point branch away from fire until good finished foam is being produced
  • You cannot mix different foam concentrates
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2
Q

Q2. According to STP - List 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS at a structure fire.

A
  • CAFS hose lines have a build up of pressure when the branch is closed causing a larger jet reaction than a standard hose
  • Slug flow – When the proportion of foam, air and water is wrong causing finished foam to “shudder” or “pulsate” as it is exiting the branch
  • Does not contain enough water for internal attack
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3
Q

Q3. According to STP - List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no fire involved.

A
  • Don structural PPE and SCBA
  • Evacuate all persons from the immediate area
  • Remove all sources of ignition
  • Respond Gas company
  • Only use intrinsically safe equipment
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4
Q

Q4. According to STP - Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?

A
  • 24hrs
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5
Q

Q5. According to STP - When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions on, what are the most important indicators?

A
  • B-SAHF – building, smoke, air track, heat & flame
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6
Q

Q6. According to STP - What techniques enable us to control the interior environment during a structure fire?

A
  • Gas cooling and hose stream techniques
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7
Q

Q7. According to STP - List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?

A
  • Traditional S lay (flaked).
  • Cleveland load/coiled (attack pack)
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8
Q

Q8. Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incident………?

A

(1) When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
(2) When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.

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9
Q

Q9. Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incident ?

A

(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place—
(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.

(2) Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

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10
Q

Q10. Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”. State this provision.

A

(1) At a fire, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.

(2) If the fire is a bush fire (including a grass fire), the officer in charge is, as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.

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11
Q

Q11. Section 19 of the FRNSW Act lists the powers at fires and hazardous material incidents. State the provisions of this Section: “General power to remove persons or obstacles.”

A
  • The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.
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12
Q

Q12. At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State your response according to the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) Clause 22, Disclosure of information.

A
  • A firefighter must not disclose any information obtained in the firefighter’s capacity as a firefighter unless the disclosure is made:
    (a) in the exercise of the firefighter’s functions, or
    (b) about factual matters that are generally available to the public, or
    (c) by an approved firefighter to media representatives concerning operations at a fire or other incident, or
    (d) at the direction or with the permission of the Commissioner, or
    (e) with other lawful excuse.
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13
Q

Q13. Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable.

A
  • A firefighter must not:
    (a) come on duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug,
    (b) while on duty, consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug,
    (c) while on duty, gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of Fire and Rescue NSW,
    (e) smoke in any public place while in uniform,
    (f) while off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority
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14
Q

Q14. As stated in the Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, What actions should drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal take?

A
  • Slow down and enter the intersection at 8 kph or less. if safe to proceed, continue across the intersection. If not safe to proceed (would involve the vehicle in an accident), the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe to proceed.
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15
Q

Q15. According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?

A
  • By all members when travelling in Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles, including a water tanker.
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16
Q

Q16. According to Standing Orders, with no impact of the service delivery, List the procedures to be followed if drivers of FRNSW vehicles are involved in an accident.

A
  • advise the other driver to contact Fire and Rescue NSW’s Fleet Unit to obtain the relevant claim number and contact details for Fire and Rescue NSW’s insurer. The FRNSW vehicle driver is to be suspended from driving for the balance of the shift on duty unless required to continue to maintain service delivery.
  • Station Commanders/Supervisors must complete an Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form and submit to their Duty Commander with a covering memo
  • Duty Commander must investigate
  • Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form then forwarded to Fleet Management Unit to process the insurance claim
  • If any injury is involved a NIIENM form must be completed
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17
Q

Q17. Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions. List the provisions.

A

(1) A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and must comply with the requirements of, the Act, this Regulation and the Commissioner’s Orders.
(2) A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills that are relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions.

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18
Q

Q18. According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely: List these four points.

A
  • use
  • fire load
  • population
  • mobility of the occupants (ie whether they are sleeping or alert)
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19
Q

Q19. According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request FIRU for assistance?

A
  • A loss of life or expected loss of life at a fire
  • The fire is considered major (i.e. 4th Alarm or above, significant community impact or unusual fire behaviour), or
  • The Origin and Cause of the fire is not apparent.
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20
Q

Q20. As listed in STP - What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident.

A
  • SOFA form – summary of observations & firefighter actions
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21
Q

Q21. STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List and describe the regimes.

A
  • Fuel controlled – fires with more than enough oxygen and heat for combustion, but are controlled by the availability of fuel
  • Ventilation controlled - where fire development and the Heat Release Rate (HRR) is dictated by the availability of oxygen.
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22
Q

Q22. STP - Identifies the search priority in multi story buildings, list the priorities.

A
  • Search priority starts at the fire floor, then floor above and then the top floor
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23
Q

Q23. STP - Outlines when a working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention to the situation?

A
  • mayday message
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24
Q

Q24. According to STP - When is an Incident Management System required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?

A
  • It applies at every incident FRNSW attends from when the first FRNSW resource arrives at the incident to when the last resource is released.
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25
Q25. According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.
* Deployment, * Command, * Situation evaluation, * Incident action planning, * Incident communications, * Incident structure, * Review and revision, * Escalation and de-escalation
26
Q26. According to STP - At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources. Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident?
* The Incident Commander
27
Q27. A driver in a road tunnel noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment of their car and immediately pulled into the emergency break down bay and called 000. The Tunnel Control Centre closed the tunnel allowing attending fire crews access to extinguish the fire. Peak hour traffic is starting to build at the entrance to the tunnel and thick smoke is throughout. List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels that could assist in clearing the smoke?
* longitudinal ventilation (jet fans) * ducted ventilation * natural ventilation * a combination of the above.
28
Q28. According to SOGs -As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.
* Recycle – Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to IC or Sector, Group or Division commander (SGD Commander), as per the incident structure. * Full rehabilitation – Crew is released and moves to the rehabilitation area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehabilitation Officer.
29
Q29. According to SOGs - List and describe the three incident phases.
* Life at risk phase – where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to life. High level risk acceptable * Expanding phase – where the incident is uncontrolled and likely to expand. It requires rapid actions to control risks to life and property. Some level risk acceptable * Contained phase – there are sufficient resources to contain the incident within the defined area. There is no life at risk, or life or property have already been lost. Minimise risk
30
Q30. According to Standing Orders who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances?
* firefighters in the course of their duty; * employees of FRNSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency; * members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge; or * other persons authorised by the Commissioner.
31
Q32. According to STP - List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.
* Excluding the fire’s supply of oxygen (smothering) * Suppressing flammable vapours to stop them from igniting * Cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition
32
Q33. According to STP – What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas?
* Odourless, colourless, heavier than air
33
Q34. According to STP - What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.
* BLEVE - A boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE)
34
Q35. According to STP - What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.
* TIC, Infrared thermometer, wetting test
35
Q36. Expand the Acronym - SISIACMR
* Safe approach, * incident control, * scene security, * identify hazardous material, * assess potential harm and minimize environmental contamination, * call in resources, * monitor information, * render safe & decontaminate
36
Q37. According to STP - What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires?
* water
37
Q38. According to STP -There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure list and describe the stages.
* Stage 1 – abuse factor (thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse) * Stage 2 – off gas generation (occurs regardless of cell form factor) * Stage 3 – smoke generation (catastrophic failure is imminent) * Stage 4 – fire generation (likelihood of propagation drastically increases)
38
Q39. According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, what should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?
* A Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure and Near Miss (NIIENM) form submitted within 24 hours of occurrence.
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Q40. According to the toolkit on the intranet - If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?
* Supervisor or co-worker.
40
Q41. In New South Wales, Emergency Services carry out land-based rescues under what Act?
* State Emergency and Rescue Management ACT 1989
41
Q42. As stated in the SERM Act,1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?
* NSW Police Force
42
Q43. According to STP - FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?
* Yourself and other rescuers * Other persons not involved (bystanders) * Unfortunate person(s) involved
43
Q44. According to STP -What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?
* One firefighter in structural PPC & SCBA (not donned), charged line of 38mm @ 400kpa, pump with recirculating valve open. If fire occurs charge to 800kpa.
44
Q45. According to STP - What environments should SCBA be worn in?
* HOTS: Heated or extremely low temperatures, oxygen deficient or enriched atmospheres, toxic atmospheres, smoke.
45
Q46. Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.
* Keys deposit – station commanders * Keys to private premises form
46
Q47. As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- What is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?
* Physical activity readiness questionnaire - PARQ
47
Q48. According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?
* Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form
48
Q49. According to the Fire ePermit policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?
* 7 days maximum
49
Q50. According to the Fire ePermit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account.
* The safety aspect
50
Q51. According to STP - Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?
* With emergency intercom control and indicating equipment (EICIE) * Within 4m of an exit: within each emergency zone; within each story * Within emergency lift shaft * Adjacent to fire detection control indicating equipment (FDCIE) if remote from EICIE
51
Q52. According to STP, name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.
* Main stop valve, * test drain, * sprinkler test facility, * sprinkler alarm valve, * system pressure gauge, * deluge valve, * water supply with water supply pressure gauge
52
Q53. According to STP, there are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them.
* Turning off power - Firefighters can turn off the main switch, removing fuses and switching off circuit breakers at the switchboard. * Isolating power - Energy Authority disconnect power from the network.
53
Q54. According to STP - Firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure.
1. On-site consultation: determine whether it is appropriate to turn solar power system off and how best to do so 2. Assume switchboard is live: Don electrical safety gloves then over-gloves. Have your helmet visor down and look away 3. Follow the shutdown procedure: This may be on or near the switchboard or inverter. If not found, turn off the inverter main switch then turn off the solar panel main switch 4. Consider if benefits outweigh risks: Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident 5. Isolate the power: If required, have the owner/occupier contact their electrician to isolate the power
54
Q55. According to STP -When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.
* energy storage system “ES sticker”- outside the switchboard. There should also be data sheets, or further information about this type of system.
55
Q56. Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium
* If connected to mains power ensure switched off before applying water * Knock-down any fire using copious amounts of water. * Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water. * Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so. Use a tool such as a long-handled shovel to move the device. * If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 min until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 min. * Ensure that all cells are accounted for by searching the area around the device. * Notify FireCOM that the incident involves a lithium-ion device.
56
Q57. According to STP - If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?
* Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance. Do not get onto the roof to extinguish the fire. Do not put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified. * Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern * If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250 mm air gap between the CO2 extinguisher nozzle and any electrified components. * NSW Fair Trading notification form to be completed at completion of incident
57
Q59. According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?
* Wear SCBA and a full set of firefighting clothing * Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector
58
Q60. According to STP - What is the minimum PPE that can be worn at a bush fire?
* Level 2 ppc: multi-porpose helmet, goggles, multipurpose jacket, GP gloves, firefighting gloves (direct attack), duty wear trousers, FF boots, P2.
59
Q61. According to STP - Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.
* Line defense – protect the perimeter of the property until resources are sufficient for an offensive attack. * Ember defense – extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings, when and as they occur. * Backstop defense – Firefighters withdraw temporarily a nearby suitable safe refuge. After the main fire front subsides, move forward to put out the property on fire.
60
Q62. Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.
* Thermal runaway, * Extreme fire behaviour, * Release of toxic vapour and gases, * Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes, * Stranded energy, * Projectiles, * Secondary ignition
61
Q63. As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?
* 1:4 – outlet 4x larger than inlet
62
Q64. According to SOGs - When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?
* The container’s vapour space (area above the liquid)
63
Q65. As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.
* Approximately the height of the door.
64
Q66. According to Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear” What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?
* The appropriate bag for the type of contaminant: * Asbestos containment bags * Yellow clinical waste bags * Clear plastic gear bags for other contaminants, including smoke. * Cable ties or strong tape to seal the bags. * A contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details.
65
Q67. You are responded to a bushfire with four Fire Rescue NSW pumpers two RFS tankers and one inspector, according to SOGs what class is the fire?
* Class 1
66
Q68. According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate?
* The number of CO2 cylinders required to be injected for extinguishment
67
Q69. According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - What factors affect voltage gradient at wires down?
* Composition of the ground * Moisture content * Voltage of the electrical source
68
Q70. According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors.
* Metals * Human body * Flame and dense smoke * Vehicle tyres * Water – including hose lines
69
Q71. According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity.
* Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise. * Assess the risks from at least 8 metres away from the hazard. * If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an Exclusion Zone. * Have the electricity company isolate power.
70
Q72. As listed on the SIMS Worksheet: Electrical safety kit - State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit.
* 1x pair insulating gloves * 1x pair leather overgloves * 2x non-contact AC voltage detectors, either Modiwark Rescue or GLM Mini Rescue
71
Q73. According to Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?
* Put on electrical gloves first. * Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves * The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove. * The cuff of the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of PPC.
72
Q74. According to SOGs - FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.
* Possible terrorist incident * Crime investigation * Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management * Rescue incidents
73
Q75. You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. As stated in FRNSW SOGs on arrival what actions should be taken?
* Identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator. * While waiting to enter start developing IAP by accessing information * Where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources. * Remain at stating area until met by the Emergency Coordinator * Always remain outside facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter * At the main entry, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box and brief crew about the facility. * Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in.
74
Q76. According to the Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy, what is the definition of workplace bullying?
* Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety.
75
Q78. According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description found on the Intranet, list 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in this role.
* Contribute to station’s community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities * Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank * Contribute to station’s operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment * Assist with investigation into the cause of fires * Support station officer in actions to achieve FRNSW’s goals of protecting life, property and other initiatives under the Plus Plan
76
Q79. According to STP - What guidelines (general rule) should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?
* As a general rule, in the absence of visible victims or in situations where victim location is unknown, the first arriving crew will be tasked with Fire Attack.
77
Q80. According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?
* Base pump is largest capacity appliance * 5 lengths 70mm between base and relay * 7 lengths 70mm relay to relay or fireground pump * Minimum two lines so in case one is damaged water is still supplied to fireground
78
Q81. According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.
* Accidental - Fire which starts accidently from human activity or influence. * Incendiary - Fire which starts from deliberate and intentional human act * Natural - Fire which starts by a natural act without and human influence * Undetermined - Fire where the cause cannot be identified
79
Q82. Whilst participating in a community event at the local oval and armed offender attack occurs. According to SOGs, what actions should you take?
* Escape, if safe to do so * Hide, if can’t escape. * Tell, FireCom/Police if safe to do so
80
According to SOGs - There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.
* Establish BA Control as close to the entry/exit point as possible. * Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board. * Calculate and monitor entry and exit times. * Monitor all radio communications within the sector. * Indicate to exiting BA crews the locations of the BA staging and rehab area.
81
Q84. According to Firefighters Training Manual - The numbers relayed back from FireCOM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. TX at the end of the transmission means there is text. What does the text usually refer to?
* Usually related to Additional Personal Protection (APP).
82
Q85. According to SOGs - What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?
* Known low concentrations of inert dust (ie from cutting wood or metal) * Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet. * The particulates in bushfire smoke. * Contamination by body fluids.
83
Q86. According to SOGs - At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. Describe the life at risk phase.
* Life at risk phase, where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.
84
Q87. According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?
* enter without undue delay; * enter with the minimum of structural damage; * enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible.
85
Q88. According to SOGs -You respond to a building fire and the contaminated run- off/pollutant is impacting a canal that runs into a creek. Which agencies are you required to notify?
* Roads and Maritime Services/Transport for NSW * Environmental Protection Agency
86
Q90. According to SOGs - What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?
* to use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control; * to establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or ComCen with superfluous data; * to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.
87
Q92. According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.
* Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems. * Operation of valves and other industrial processes. * Fire attack under the control of FRNSW officers.
88
Q93. SOGs describe how to de-escalate an incident. What is de-escalation?
* The scaling down of FRNSW involvement at an incident from both a strategic and tactical level. Delegated functions handed back to the IC. The IC determines incident has been contained and resources can be released.
89
Q94. According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.
* White: Chief warden, deputy chief warden, communications officer * Yellow: Floor warden, area warden * Red: warden * White cross on a green background: first air officer
90
Q95. What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes: Codes 1,3,4,6,7
* Code 1 – Responding to an incident or move-up * Code 3 – On scene at incident or move-up to station * Code 4 – Available for response. If not return to station state where. * Code 6 – indicate that FRNSW is responding to a call in a Rural Fire District * Code 7 - Unavailable for response. State why and code 4 when available.
91
Q96. You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT. The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, What features are included in a Fire Control Room?
* a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation * two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit * Fire Indicator Panel * Fire Fan Control Panel * Master Emergency Control Panel * controls for fire pumps * Security Alarm and Control Panels * telephone (direct line outside) * whiteboard, corkboard and plan table * Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics).
92
Q97. You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider? Before cutting any ISP, conduct a risk assessment. Important issues to consider include:
* if there is sufficient time and resources available. * leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting * electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels * the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or ESP panel cores * Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut. * An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air; * Have a charged line of hose in place for protection before cutting ISPs.
93
Q98. You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. According to SOGs, following span of control rules, what is the optimal amount an individual resources you should communicate with?
* 5 people reporting to 1 (optimal is 1:5 ratio)
94
Q99. It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?
* Consider the "seven sides" of the fire: front, rear, both sides, top, bottom and inside.
95
Q100. On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take?
* If any defects are noted, advise the FRNSW Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated. Do not initiate any action yourself.
96
Q101. You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?
* Papa hotel Oscar sierra golf echo November echo
97
Q102. An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?
* NSW Police
98
Q103. Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?
1. Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing. 2. Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and in the eAIRS report. 3. Ensure that Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near-Miss (NIIENM) form is completed.
99
Q104. According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?
* 1st: Safety of firefighters. * 2nd: protecting savable lives. * 3rd: protecting savable property and the environment.
100
Q106. According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination.
* Decontamination that occurs as all people and equipment who have been in the hot zone leave the Hot Zone to recycle, enter rehabilitation, or leave the incident.
101
Q107. According to the Toolkit on the intranet during a bushfire with CFUs. List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.
* Must follow Fire Danger Rating instructions and their Bushfire Survival Plan * they are only empowered to protect properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack * are no different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority, responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations * must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency service agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate * after the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity, freeing up firefighters to respond to the moving fire front
102
Q108. According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?
* further serious injury or death
103
Q109. According to FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.
* 0.02 grams or above
104
Q110. According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?
* Notify all personnel in the collapse zone * Notify SO/ Sector commander * Evacuate premises * Set up exclusion zone * Use appropriate water streams
105
Q111. According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?
* 100 Stop Code must be sent together with an informative Stop message
106
Q112. According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.
* Lookouts – lookout to have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to crew location. * Awareness – situational awareness around impact of changes in fire behaviour caused by variations to fuel, weather and topography, observation of smoke colour, direction and column, fireground and urban hazards including the potential for falling rocks and trees, hydration of themselves and others. * Communications –maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately. * Escape Routes – At least two escape routes agreed and made known to all relevant personnel, and reviewed continually to ensure they remain effective. * Safety Zones – Safety zones (refuge areas) should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters.
107
Q113. According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.
* Catastrophic, Extreme, High, Moderate, No rating
108
Q114. According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated?
* Clear, concise and factual * use order model, repeat back * all radio messages must follow the conditions, action, needs format to succinctly describe the conditions present, actions taken, and any needs * always identify self, and use radio protocols
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Q114. According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.
* Offensive strategy – try to contain and extinguish the fire. Methods include direct attack, parallel attack and indirect attack. * Defensive strategy – to protect life and property if the fire is too intense for an offensive strategy. Methods include line defence, ember attack, backstop defence. * Safeguard strategy - When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions. To warn, escort (move) and protect community members to ensure their safety.
110
Q116. According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.
* Level 2
111
Q117. Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs.
* Dizziness, weakness, nausea
112
Q118. According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?
* Going/Being controlled/Contained/Patrol/Out.
113
Q120. According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.
* An offensive strategy operates in close proximity to the fire with the aim at immediately limiting fire spread, while a defensive strategy operates away from the hazard and aims at life and property protection and containment.
114
Q121. As stated in SOGs - What does the Incident Action (IAP) usually describe?
* The risk assessment. * The strategy and objectives. * The incident structure. * The layout of the incident (mud map). * Any other information relevant
115
Q123. According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?
* Becomes Sector Commander for the fire floor, establishe a Forward Control Point, and commences operations from floor below the fire. o Attend the Fire Control Room (FCR) and determine fire location. o Brief the Pump Operator. According to incident, have Pump Operator monitor communications, establish BA control, leave lift and FCR keys for next arriving pump, and send a sitrep to the ComCen. o Go to the floor below the fire with crew. Brief the crew on the fire floor layout. o Charge 38 mm hose from internal hydrants. o Use the fire stairs to access the fire and commence operations.
116
Q124. According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?
* 120m apart and may be pressurised
117
Q125. According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?
* Support NSW Police Force or the Australian Defence Force (ADF) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur. * Act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations, if required. * If requested, assist NSW Ambulance.
118
Q126. According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe- * Bulk, Flatbed storage, Ventilated, Sealed
* Bulk: more than 4 tonnes (net), or more than 4 cubic metres of a substance, not in individual packages. * Flatbed storage a single level building or other structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes. * Ventilated containers open to the atmosphere, including silos with explosion vents that have activated * Sealed: a grain container is sealed during fumigation and semi sealed at other times – includes semi-sealed and oxygen limiting containers.
119
Q127. According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.
* Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). * Extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA): An SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration allowing for approximately 2x the time as single cylinder SCBA. * Airline respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air including: and air trolley breathing apparatus, and independent SCBA set, an extension facemask and airline worn by a second person attached to the auxiliary connection of an SCBA or EDBA set worn by a firefighter.
120
Q128. According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.
* Standard decontamination is implemented where there is no life at risk. * Emergency decontamination is implemented where there is a life at risk (a person is rescued from the Hot Zone), or an immediate response is required due to an accidental contamination. * Mass decontamination is implemented in an unexpected and dangerous situation which must be dealt with immediately where a group of people are contaminated.
121
Q129. According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?
* Time, Distance, Shielding
122
Q130. According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation.
* alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays
123
Q131. According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.
* Minimise disturbance – ie restrict salvage and overhaul work. * Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray. * Apply a bonding agent such as a foam blanket or coloured PVA/water mix.
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Q132. Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them.
* Friable: Any ACM that is in powder form, or that can be crumbled, pulverised, or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry. * Non-friable: Any ACM that is not friable, including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound.
125
Q133. According to Standing Orders – The minimum number of new PIPs to be completed by each platoon yearly is?
* four
126
Q134. According to Standing Orders - Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?
* ensure that hydrants work when needed * notify water authorities of problems with hydrants, and * familiarise crews with hydrants in their area
127
Q135. According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?
* Immediate or as soon as possible
128
Q136. As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics - FRNSW has shared values with the NSW Government Sector. Name all the shared values.
* Integrity, Service
129
Q137. According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?
* Professional Standards (PSB)
130
Q138. According to the infection prevention and control manual - An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.
* Direct contact transmission with blood or body substances * Indirect contact transmission * Droplet transmission * Airborne transmission
131
Q139. According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?
* sieverts
132
Q140. According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.
* Concentration of exposure * Duration of exposure * Fibre characteristics
133
Q141. List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security.
* Hot Zone – where no personnel enter until a dynamic risk assessment determines appropriate actions and level of PPE. * Warm Zone – where Fire and Rescue NSW conducts its operations. * Cold Zone – where the Incident Control Point and support agencies are located and where the Police implement overall site control.
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Q142. According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.
* Stage 1 Residents removed from immediate danger to an adjoining room or corridor. * Stage 2 – FRNSW likely involved. Residents removed from adjoining rooms and corridors, away from the emergency (fire, smoke, gas) – evacuated to an adjoining fire or smoke compartment, or another floor below the emergency. * Stage 3 Residents completely evacuated from the building – evacuated to a nominated safe assembly area.
135
Q143. According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.
* Safeguard strategy – moving through a community to warn, escort (move) and protects community members to ensure their safety.
136
Q144. According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?
* Fire control room
137
Q145. SOGs state - In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.
* Industrial complexes * High-rise buildings * Health care facilities
138
Q146. According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure - When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.
* Heavy-duty double-sided tape
139
Q147. Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multi- agency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?
* RED (High Risk Incidents) * BLUE (Medium Risk Incidents) * GREEN (Low Risk Incidents)
140
Q148. Sexual Harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977. What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Act?
* anunwelcome sexual advance * an unwelcome request for sexual favours * unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person, * in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.
141
Q149. According to the procedure, list the requirements regarding qualifications for a full or part change of shift.
* Replacements must have similar qualifications required to meet the needs of the position being filled on the particular shift
142
Q150. According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?
* 24hrs
143
Q151. According to the FRNSW Act 1989, what is the definition of a hazardous material incident?
* hazardous material incident means an actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.
144
Q152. According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, when responding to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS, the first arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?
* Only FRNSW, unless, by agreement a clause has been inserted into the MAA transferring responsibility to the NSW RFS for resetting.
145
Q153. According to the Toolkit - Workplace Safety- Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?
* Inspected by 31 May each year
146
Q155. According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List and describe all three.
* Stand by mode Whereup to 4 lines of 70m hose are connected from feed or street hydrant to collectors, and equal number of 70mm hose from pump deliveries to booster inlet. Main wheel valve open (and movement tested), but leather strap removed. * Activation mode Up to 4 lines of 70mm hose connected from hydrant to collectors on appliance with feed hydrants open, equal number of 70mm hose from deliveries to booster inlets with deliveries open. Main wheel valve close and appliance pressure boosted to the operating pressure required by Incident Commander. * Deactivation mode Reduction of pressure, disengagement of pump, feed hdyrants and deliveries shut off. main wheel valve reopened. hose removed.
147
Q156. According to the workplace safety toolkit - Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?
* SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work * Commissioner's Safety Statement * Safety and Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022 * FRNSW Return to Work Policy and Program Summary Workplace * Evacuation Diagrams * WHS Issue Resolution FlowchartGuide * NIIENM Submission Workflow * Safety information and Contacts * Safety Representatives Template * First Aid Officers Template (not necessary for stations) * Fire Warden Template (not necessary for stations
148
Q157. According to Standing Orders - Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. What are two things’ firefighters should consider before entering the building?
* intruders may still be in the building; * a real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device.
149
Q158. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what is the definition of thermal capacity?
* The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.
150
Q159. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, flash fires and dust explosions are similar in conditions. Three conditions occur in both flash fires and dust explosions. Which conditions do NOT occur in both?
* the explosive chemical reaction must occur in a confined space.
151
Q161. During a bushfire, a helicopter is carrying out hot refuelling operations to prepare for ongoing water bombing operations. According to SOGs, a designated Fire Protection Crew should follow what procedures?
* Do not become involved in the refueling * firefighters in full PPE will stand by with lines of hose charged, foam eductor attached and B Class foam ready to be inducted. * Prevent water or foam streams from hitting moving rotors as this may cause catastrophic failure of the rotors and cause serious injury or death for people nearby. * When life is not at risk, advice should be sought on how to minimise damage to the aircraft before applying foam or water streams. * When life is at risk, the FRNSW Commander should direct firefighters to apply foam to a fuel fire immediately. * Position appliance uphill and upwind at least 50m from the refuel location
152
Q 162. A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?
* the type of fuel in the fire; * size of the fire; * size of the internal openings; * height of the building * the weather.
153
Q163. At a 4th alarm industrial unit fire, the Incident Commander (IC) had assigned Sector Commanders, a Safety Officer and a Staging Officer with four pumps initially in Staging. The IC later requested an extra six firefighters and a Station Commander from Staging, but there was only one pump in Staging. Why was this error not identified?
* Lack of communication, assigned by someone other than IC
154
Q164. You are responding to a fire call in a Scania 320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle's brakes are operating independently and intermittently. In accordance with the Operations Bulletin 2014- 02, what actions should be taken?
* Slow down and alter driving behaviours
155
Q165. According to the definitions in the STP, provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.
* Hazard: any object or thing (physical, chemical, ergonomic, psychosocial) with the potential to cause harm to a person (acetylene cylinder, hazardous manual task, the way work is done). * Risk: the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard. The level of risk is dependant on the severity and likelihood of that harm occuring.
156
Q168. You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (IC) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for? List five.
* Identify unsafe conditions or operations and report these to the IC * Communicate with commanders to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented. * Confirm that all health and safety systems are in place * Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe. * Request the appointment of additional Safety Officers if needed.
157
Q169. FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?
* don’t walk on spongy roofs. Sponginess in the roof is usually a sign that structural members have been weakened; * take care to prevent firefighters from sliding and falling; * exercise caution when working near electric wires; * ensure that firefighters making the opening are standing to the windward side of the cut and wearing the correct protective equipment; * watch for indications of weakening structure or other hazards; * apply extreme caution when using power tools; * keep a firm footing; * always have a means of retreat.
158
Q170. You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. According to Part 3 Section 32 of the Fire Brigades Regulation 2014, what is your correct course of action?
* A firefighter on fire duty or watch duty at the site of a fire, hazardous material incident or other emergency must: (a) ensure that: (i) any premises at the site are not entered, and (ii) goods are not interfered with or removed from any such premises, otherwise than by persons who can establish their identity and authority to do so, and (b) report any breach of security to the officer in charge at the site.
159
Q171. According to SOGs, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?
* More fully size up the incident. * Directly supervise the crew. * Assist the crew with task level work if needed. * Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages.
160
Q172. Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?
* Extinguishing mediums, personal protective equipment, volatility, need for evacuations
161
Q173. To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.
* starvation; * smothering; * cooling; * interruption of the flame chain reaction.
162
Q174. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, the use of water as an extinguishing medium on ships has some disadvantages. List three of the disadvantages.
* it is likely to damage cargo; * it may react dangerously with cargo; * it can affect a ship’s stability;
163
Q176. According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.
* Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC * Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows * Always having charged lines of hose * Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity
164
Q177. You are responded to an aircraft on a runway with smoke issuing from behind the piston engine. All passengers and crew are out. It is a radial engine. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, how does the fire risk of this engine compare to an in- line engine and what extinguishing medium would you use?
* Radial engine has a greater risk of fire than inline due to ancillary equipment. Use halons or CO2
165
Q178. According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?
* At least every 4 hours
166
Q179. You have been instructed to commence ventilation. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?
* the nature and proximity of exposures; * the size of the fire; * the seat of the fire; * the wind and weather conditions; * the type of building construction; and * the presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation.
167
Q180. According to SOGs, if co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?
* At least 20 minutes
168
Q181. According to SOGs, what is the definition of decontamination?
* the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant.
169
Q182. During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?
* People and vehicles 25m clear of a fire burning under or near high voltage power lines * Wait for the fire to burn clear of the cleared areas beneath the power lines before commencing mop-up. * Only approach within 25 m to mop up grass fires. * Only knock down low (less than 2 m) isolated flames, spots or smouldering logs not producing a convection column or heavy smoke.
170
Q183. You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries?
* double delivery; * elbow delivery; and * standpipe delivery.
171
Q184. A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks. Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?
* Regular sitreps were not provided to the BACO including when firefighters donned SCBA
172
Q185. According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members.
* Decontamination officer * Wash operator * Wash assistant * Disrobe assistant * Pump operator
173
Q186. At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, what are possible signs of accelerant use?
* characteristic burn pattern, * indication of fire trailers, * rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials, * unusual odours, or * damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion.
174
Q187. You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?
* full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves * flash hood * SCBA * ear plugs.
175
Q188. Under the FRNSW Act 1989, define flammable matter?
* flammable matter includes— (a) any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously, and (b) any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition.
176
Q189. According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?
* A major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997.
177
Q190. In relation to toxic chemicals, what are the four main types of military warfare agents?
* Nerve, blister, blood, choking
178
Q191. You are first arriving Station Commander at a fire to find smoke issuing from a single level house. You have not conducted a 360° size up but have given your crew initial tasks. What actions would most assist in formally assuming command?
* Confirm via initial radio report to FireCOM that an IC is in place. * Name command. * Select an appropriate command position – ie fast attack or stationary.
179
Q192. You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?
* described as being more than 25 metres high or having more than 10 levels.
180
Q194. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?
* the seat of the fire has been located; * crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines; * back-up crews are ready to enter; and * communications have been established amongst all crews.
181
Q195. You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?
· Section15 of NSW Fire and Rescue Act 1989The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may, for the purpose of extinguishing or controlling a fire or confining or ending the incident or rendering the site of the incident safe, without payment— (a) take and use any water from any source on any land, and (b) cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe.
182
Q196. FRNSW incident management is consistent with the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS). What are the key principles of AIIMS?
* Flexibility, * management by objectives, * functional management, * unity of command, * span of control
183
Q197. According to SOGs, Describe the term “All Clear.”
* Primary and secondary search and rescue have been completed and the Incident Controller is satisfied that all occupants have been accounted for.
184
Q199. You are the Incident Commander at a large factory fire. There are 8 pumps code 3 at the incident. According to SOGs, list two combinations could you allocate these pumps to achieve three-deep deployment?
* Pump 1 crew in hot zone, Pump 2 crew on-deck, Pumps 3-8 in staging * Pump 2 crew in hot zone, Pump 3 crew on deck, Pump 1 crew recycling, Pumps 4-8 in staging
185
Q200. FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?
* Creating a culturally safe workplace environment, free from discrimination, where everyone is valued and treated with respect; * Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion; * Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace.
186
Q201. According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.
* Career development, * operational capability (skills and qualification development), * compassionate issues/staff welfare, * location based transfers, * performance/disciplinary
187
Q202. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?
* The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium.
188
Q203. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains.
* Trunk mains, * distributary mains, * reticulation mains
189
Q205. Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?
* EPS melts and flows like a liquid & is highly flammable inducing rapid fire spread undetectable with TIC & can spread to areas remote from the fire origin. * Panel delamination rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates secondary pool fires from melted EPS, and causes panels to collapse * There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught. * Large volumes of toxic, thick, black, acrid smoke are produced. * Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse.
190
Q206. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are the main types of aircraft?
* civil; * military; and * helicopters (civil and military).
191
Q207. According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?
* Immediately it becomes apparent that the call is to an incident located within a Rural Fire District, or with the Code 1 (responding) message if it is known at the time of the call
192
Q208. According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).
* Conduct atmospheric monitoring with a four head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking. * Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to identify if hydrogen fire is present. * Conduct thermal checks on the battery using a TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring within the lithium-ion battery. * Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15 m) around any hydrogen FCEV incident.
193
Q209. The operation (or non-operation) of the pressure relief valve on an LPG storage or transport container does not necessarily mean that a BLEVE is imminent. However, if the valve is operating on an LPG storage container that has no odorant and is labelled accordingly the internal pressure of the cylinder may be rising. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are indicators of a possible BLEVE?
* any increase in the noise level from the valve; or * any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder.
194
Q210. In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?
* the response time for requested support; * the requirements for relief crews and refreshments; and * whether a change of shift might be necessary.
195
Q211. You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?
As per Section 12 Fire Brigades Act 1989: * The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place: (b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident. * Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.
196
Q212. According to the Toolkit - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces, Clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.
* Straight Talk
197
Q213. According to the Toolkit - Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.
* Employee Assistance Program
198
Q214. According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?
* When the last FRNSW resource leaves the incident
199
Q215. What are principles of situational evaluation in incident management?
IC must identify critical factors and process them into an IAP. * Only 3-7 critical factors at any one time. If more, expand incident structure and delegate. * Collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene. * Once on scene, further information collected and evaluated rapidly via an initial size up from the vehicle. Whenever possible, the IC should collect further info via a 360 degree size up. * Critical factors must be communicated to FireCOM. * The IC should continually collect information during the incident from commanders and other external sources such as onsite experts, Bureau of Meteorology, and other agencies. * Critical factors may change rapidly as the incident evolves. The IAP must be modified as critical factors change. * The IC’s initial size up and decision-making about critical factors may need to be rapid. Once the incident is contained, the IC should take a more deliberate approach. * Anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors. These need to be communicated to the IC. Critical safety concerns can be addressed immediately if required, before informing the IC. * Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated.
200
Q216. According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.
* Not intrinsically safe
201
Q217. According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?
* An Incident Action Plan describes, at any point in time, how the IC plans to control the incident. It includes the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, incident layout, and other relevant information. It is used to manage the incident.
202
Q218. According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.
* small, medium, large, very large and mega
203
Q219. As stated in SOGs - Example -Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include-
* Confirmation of address. * Conditions: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors & hazards. * Actions: Initial incident action plan (IAP); assumption of command and naming of incident; strategy. * Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol (ARP), or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements
204
Q220. According to Standing Orders - The Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs.
* Any member of the crews participating in the activity can complete the report,
205
Q221. According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?
* Annually
206
Q222. According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?
* Simple and complex
207
Q223. According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?
* removal of bushfire fuels * bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities * agricultural activities.
208
Q224. According to the Bushfire hazard reduction policy - List occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.
* there is a total fire ban (TOBAN) * the EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice * the Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than 23 (upper end of Moderate) unless FRNSW directly supporting RFS in said burn
209
Q225. According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?
* Unauthorised equipment is any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual including equipment which has not been obtained via the Electronic Supply Catalogue (ESCAT) or through an approved Request Purchase Order (RPO)
210
Q226. When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?
* Many non-FRNSW people monitor radio transmissions. * Messages containing details of injuries, fatalities or personal information should be sent by alternative means of communication such as mobile phone, GRN private call facility, or face-to-face. * Be sensitive to the feelings of non-operational personnel or members of the public who may overhear messages. Ensure that outside speakers on appliances are turned off if sensitive information is being sent e.g. fatalities.
211
Q228. According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?
* The occupier or owner of the premises
212
Q229. According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?
* Inward Adze Roll Technique * Fork Drive * Outward Adze (drive and steer)
213
Q230. According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?
1. Size up - Assess how urgent the situation is. 2. Gap – Usually starting with the Adze blade, create a workable gap. Another fire fighter may be required with sledge axe to “strike” Halligan tool to get a start. 3. Set – With a gap established between the door and frame, manoeuvre tool to complete the forced entry. 4. Force- Final action to defeat the lock. Using the mechanical advantage leverage of the tool to complete the spread. 5. Control – Open the door in such a way so as not to have an adverse effect on the situation. Use Adze on Halligan to hook the back of the door to pull closed.
214
Q231. According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?
* A casualty
215
Q232. According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?
* Primary search, secondary search
216
Q233. According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.
* Withdraw –firefighters have time to exit the structure or the position, with their equipment, in a controlled manner. * Abandon –there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety.
217
Q234. As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?
* Worsening fire/smoke conditions * Signs of structural collapse (see STP 33Z) * Previously unknown hazards e.g. Acetylene * Emergency Radio Message signaling: o Loss of PAR o Change to a defensive strategy via order from the IC to withdraw or abandon
218
Q235. According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?
* Around the side of the body of the front firefighter, not over the shoulder
219
Q236. According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?
* It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic
220
Q237. According to the SIMS worksheet - Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.
* Hazard Ahead sign, barrier and hazmat Hot Zone tape, witch’s hats
221
Q238. According to the SIMS Worksheet - All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?
* by a competent person six monthly, annually and five yearly
222
Q239. According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?
* Mayday drag
223
Q240. According to SOGs when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care. What should you do?
* If care is refused, observe the patient until the ambulance arrives. * Assume an unconscious patient wants assistance. * If a patient previously refusing treatment loses consciousness, treat them.
224
Q242. According to Recommended practice - To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.
* Structural firefighting coat, multipurpose coat, high vis vest, high vis raincoat, duty wear trousers, structural firefighting trousers,
225
Q243. According to SOGs - Occasionally, FRNSW personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. List the points to be considered when doing this.
* position the landing site in an area 30 m x 30 m minimum, on solid, level ground away from power lines or wires, and clear of trees or similar obstacles * mark the corners of the landing site by placing a firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthorised entry. Do not use tape or loose material. * clear all loose debris from the area and secure all FRNSW equipment near the landing site * in dry, dusty conditions, the landing site may require wetting down to maintain visibility during landing and take off. * During night landings, place a strobe light and two vehicles with beacons flashing facing into the wind and facing inwards at 45° to the approach line with their headlights on. Ensure that the strobe light is turned off once the helicopter has identified or flown over the landing site.
226
Q244. According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?
* the senior officer from the NSW RFS present at the fire will be the Incident Controller.
227
Q245. According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders.
* The maximum number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is two. * Exercise care when ascending and descending ladders. * Firefighters climbing the ladder must ensure they have 3 points of contact on the ladder. * Maintain a working angle of 4:1. For every 4 metres the head of the ladder extends up the wall, the base of the ladder must be a metre from the wall
228
Q246. According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?
* the depletion of two BA cylinders * each wear of a fully encapsulated suit, * 40 minutes of intense work without SCBA.
229
Q247. According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?
* Training and doctrine
230
Q248. According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?
* Task, tactical, strategic
231
Q249. Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL).
* the maximum concentration to which a worker may be exposed for a short duration (usually 15 minutes) provided there is an hour break between exposures, and no more than four periods of exposure per day.
232
Q250. According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?
* Incident safety worksheet
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