Liabilities

Question 1

Identify the 6 Fraud Offences:

Section 228(1)(a)
Section 228(1)(b)
Section 240(1)(a)
Section 240(1)(b)
Section 240(1)(c)
Section 240(1)(d)

Answer 1

Section 228(1)(a) - Taking a Document
Section 228(1)(b) - Using a Document
Section 240(1)(a) - Obtaining Property by Deception
Section 240(1)(b) - Obtaining Credit By Deception
Section 240(1)(c) - Altering Documents Capable of Deriving Pecuniary Advantage
Section 240(1)(d) - Causing Loss by Deception

Question 2

Criminal Liability

Dishonestly Taking or Using a Document (Taking)

Answer 2

Section 228(1)(a) CA 1961

1) DISHONESTLY
- Dishonestly
2) WITHOUT CLAIM OF RIGHT
- Claim of Right
3) TAKES or OBTAINS
- Taking S219(4) CA 1961
- Obtains
4) ANY DOCUMENT
R v Misic
- Document
5) WITH INTENT TO OBTAIN ANY
- Intent
R v Collister
- Intent to Obtain
PROPERTY - S2 CA1961 or
PECUINARY ADVANTAGE - Hayes v R or
SERVICE R v Cara or
VALUABLE CONSIDERATION Hayes v R

Question 3

Criminal Liability

Dishonestly Taking or Using a Document (Using)

Answer 3

Section 228(1)(b) CA 1961

1) DISHONESTLY
- Dishonestly
2) WITHOUT CLAIM OF RIGHT
- Claim of Right
3) USES or ATTEMPS TO USE
Adams on Criminal Law
Hayes v R
4) ANY DOCUMENT
R v Misic
- Document
5) WITH INTENT TO OBTAIN ANY
- Intent
R v Collister
- Intent to Obtain
PROPERTY - S2 CA1961 or
PECUINARY ADVANTAGE - Hayes v R or
SERVICE R v Cara or
VALUABLE CONSIDERATION Hayes v R

Question 4

Criminal Liability

Obtaining Property by Deception

Answer 4

Section 240(1)(a) CA 1971

1) BY ANY DECEPTION
- Definition
R v Morley
2) WITHOUT CLAIM OF RIGHT
- Claim of Right
3) OBTAINS OWNERSHIP or POSSESSION OF or CONTROL OVER
- Obtains
- Possession
R v Cox
- Control Over
4) ANY BPPPSVC
- Pec Adv
Hayes v R
- Valu Cons
Hayes v R
- Service
Cara v R
- Privilege / Benefit
5) DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY

Question 5

Criminal Liability

Obtaining Credit By Deception

Answer 5

Section 240(1)(b) CA 1971

1) BY ANY DECEPTION
- Definition
R v Morley
2) WITHOUT CLAIM OF RIGHT
- Claim of Right
3) IN INCURRING ANY DEBT OR LIABILITY
- Debt
- Liability
AP Simester and WJ Brookbanks, POCL, 4th ED, Brookers, Wellington, 2012
4) OBTAINS CREDIT
- Obtain
- Credit

Question 6

Criminal Liability

Altering Documents Capable of Deriving Pecuniary Advantage

Answer 6

Section 240(1)(c) CA 1971

1) BY ANY DECEPTION
- Definition
R v Morley
2) WITHOUT CLAIM OF RIGHT
- Claim of Right
3) INDUCES OR CAUSES ANY OTHER PERSON TO:
- Deliver Over
- Execute
- Accept
- Make
- Alter
- Destroy
- Endorse
4) ANY DOCUMENT or THING CAPABLE OF BEING USED TO DERIVE A PECUINARY ADVANTAGE
R v Misic
- Document (Sec 217 CA 1961)
**AP Simester and WJ Brookbanks, POCL, 4th ED, Brookers, Wellington, 2012*

DEA-MADE*

Question 7

Criminal Liability

Causing Loss by Deception

Answer 7

Section 240(1)(d) CA 1971

1) BY ANY DECEPTION
- Definition
R v Morley
2) WITHOUT CLAIM OF RIGHT
- Claim of Right
3) CAUSES LOSS TO ANY OTHER PERSON
- Loss
Morley v R
- To Any Other Person