What is Feudalism?
A feudal system that encompasses economic, social, and political structures from the 5th century to 1485, with religion placing God at the top.
What was the Renaissance?
A 15th-century ‘rebirth’ of Greek and Roman ideas, emphasizing rationality and logic through the works of Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle.
What is the Enlightenment?
A period from the 17th to 19th century that questioned power dynamics, influenced by events like the English Civil War and the 30 Years War.
Who was John Locke?
The father of liberal philosophy, known for his book ‘Two Treatises of Government’ (1690) and his ideas on natural laws, liberties, and rights.
What is Liberalism?
A political philosophy based on liberty and equality, advocating for freedoms such as speech, press, religion, and civil rights.
What is Absolutism?
A political system where the monarch holds absolute power, exemplified by Charles I as the last absolute monarch.
What did the Enlightenment challenge?
Social and political norms such as hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, and the Divine Right of Kings.
What is the Social Contract according to John Locke?
The idea that each man has a natural right to life, liberty, and property, and citizens consent to state rulings for their benefit.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
The 1688 event when Parliament decided who would be the king of England after the English Civil War.
What was the American Revolution?
The 1776 uprising that led to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.
What was the French Revolution?
The 1789 uprising where people rose against the monarchy.
How did Thomas Hobbes describe the state of nature?
He described it as ‘nasty, brutish and short’.
What is Social Contract Theory?
A principle stating that citizens consent to accept state rulings in exchange for improvements in their situation.
What are key ideas of John Locke?
He denied the Divine Right of Kings, argued for a state created by mankind for mankind’s interests, and emphasized natural laws, liberties, and rights.
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?
A notable figure in liberal philosophy, though specific contributions are not detailed in the text.
What did John Stuart Mill advocate?
He promoted tolerance for minority views, arguing that the majority is not always right.
Who was Thomas Hill Green?
A significant figure in liberal thought, though specific contributions are not detailed in the text.
Who was Betty Friedan?
A notable figure in liberal philosophy, though specific contributions are not detailed in the text.
Who was John Rawls?
A prominent liberal philosopher (1921 – 2002), though specific contributions are not detailed in the text.
