cruciate ligaments are _capsular but _synovial
intracapsular, but
extrasynovial
cruciate ligaments limit TF _
IR
ACL origin and insertion
O: posteriomedial aspect of lateral femoral condyle
I: just anteromedial to the intercondylar eminence
3 distinct bands of fibers of ACL and when are they taught?
- anteromedial - taught in flexion
- posterolateral - taught in extension
- intermediate
ACL functions (3)
- prevent anterior displacement of tibia on a fixed femur
- prevents excessive rotation of tibia on a fixed femur
- secondary support to varus and valgus forces, hyperextension
PCL origin and insertion
O: lateral surface of medial femoral condyle
I: posterior to the intercondylar eminence
differences b/w PCL and ACL:
PCL shorter,
PCL thicker,
PCL stronger,
PCL less oblique
2 distinct bands of PCL
- posterior
2. anterior
PCL functions (3)
- prevent posterior displacement of tibia on fixed femur
- prevents hyperextension of tibiofemoral joint
- secondary restraint to varus and valgus forces
ACL injuries might need
surgical repair
ACL injuries can occur how
non-contact,
dynamic valgus
dynamic valgus of ACL is _x more likely in male or female?
4-10x more likely in females
this ligament attaches posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle
meniscofemoral ligaments
meniscofemoral ligament: Ligament of Humphrey is found
anterior to PCL
meniscofemoral ligament: Ligament of Wrisberg is found
posterior to PCL
MCL origin and insertion
O: medial femoral condyle, inferior to adductor tubercle
I: medial condyle of tibia
2 components of the MCL
- deep fibers (attach to medial meniscus)
2. superficial fibers
MCL functions (2)
- restrict valgus forces
2. prevent excessive ER
LCL origin and insertion
O: lateral femoral condyle
I: fibular head
LCL function
protect against varus forces
LCL prevents what movement
excessive ER
LCL is _capsular
extracapsular
MCL treatment is _ even when other structures are involved
non-operative treatment
LCL treatment
operative treatment
