pwd
print working directory
hostname
computer’s network name
mkdir
make directory
cd
change directory
ls
list directory
rmdir
remove directory
pushd
push directory onto stack and make it the pwd
popd
make last directory on the stack the pwd
cp
copy a file or directory
mv
move a file or directory
less
page through a file
cat
print a whole file
xargs
execute arguments
find
find files
grep
find things inside files
man
read a manual page
apropos
find what man page is appropriate
env
show environment settings
echo
print some arguments
export
export/set a new environment variable
exit
exit the shell
sudo
become super user root
dirs
show the directory stack