Lipids

Question 1

what are functions of lipids?

Answer 1

• long term energy storage
• present in membrane of cells/organelles
• insulation
• cushioning internal organs
• messaging as part of hormones

Question 2

what makes lipids a good option for long term energy storage?

Answer 2

• has high energy bonds between C and H
• twice as much energy per gram that carb
  more compact than carbs

Question 3

where do animals store fats?

Answer 3

adipose cells

Question 4

how many types of lipids are there?

Answer 4

5

Question 5

what are the types of lipid?

Answer 5

• fat (triglyceride/triacyglycerol)
• phospholipid
• steroid
• wax
• carotenoid

Question 6

what is the fat structure?

Answer 6

• 1 glycerol backcone
• 3 fatty acid chains

Question 7

describe the glycerol backbone

Answer 7

3 carbon molecules, each carbon has a hydroxyl group attached for condensation reactions

Question 8

describe the fatty acid structure

Answer 8

unbranched chain of carbons with a carboxyl group at one end

Question 9

what is the possible length of fatty acid chains

Answer 9

4-24 carbons

Question 10

what is saturation

Answer 10

the number of double bonds

Question 11

what are the types of saturation?

Answer 11

• saturated
• monosaturated
• polyunsaturated

Question 12

what is the structure of a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 12

single bonds

Question 13

what is the structure of unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 13

double bonds, kink

Question 14

state at room temp of saturated fatty acids

Answer 14

solid

Question 15

state at room temp of unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 15

liquid

Question 16

origin of saturated fatty acids

Answer 16

animals

Question 17

origin of unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 17

plants

Question 18

examples of saturated fatty acids

Answer 18

butter, lard

Question 19

examples of unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 19

olive oil, essential FA like omega 3

Question 20

how does a condensation reaction occur?

Answer 20

between hydroxyl on glycerol carboxyl on fatty acid resulting in an ester bond

Question 21

phospholipid structure

Answer 21

glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acid chains and a phosphate/polar group

Question 22

describe the componenets of the phospholipd structure

Answer 22

polar head with non polar tails

Question 23

describe the polar head of a phospholipids

Answer 23

negatively charged, hydrophilic

Question 24

describe the nonpolar tails of phospholipids

Answer 24

fatty acids, hydrophic

Question 25

amphipathic

Answer 25

exhibiting both byhrophilic and hydrophobic properties

Question 26

what condition must exact for the self-assembly of a phospholipid

Answer 26

must be in water

Question 27

what force of attraction happens during the self-assembly process of a phospholipid?

Answer 27

hydrophobic interactions

Question 28

micelle definition

Answer 28

single layer of phospholipid with polar head facing out, nonpolar tails facing inward

Question 29

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 29

have a double layer of phospholipids where the nonpolar trails aggregate forming a hydrophobic core - basic structure of the plasma membrane

Question 30

steroid basic structure

Answer 30

carbon skeleton of 4 interconnected rings, three 6C rings and one 5C ring

Question 31

common examples of steroids

Answer 31

cholesterol, hormones like estrogen and testosterone

Question 32

wax structure

Answer 32

primarily wax esters a long chain hydrocarbon with an ester group that is not a triglyceride can also have alchohol, aldehyde $ ketone groups

Question 33

properties of wax

Answer 33

- soft solid - becomes liquid when melted - deforms under pressure without heat - very NONPOLAR - ideal for waterproof coating on plants and animals

Question 34

thermoplastic

Answer 34

is a polymer that turns to a liquid when heated and freezes to a very glassy state when cooled sufficiently

Question 35

types of natural wx

Answer 35

animal wax, vegetable wax, mieral wax

Question 36

types of animal wax

Answer 36

beeswax, lanlin, shellac

Question 37

types of vegeable wx

Answer 37

soy, jojoba, carnauba

Question 38

types of minral waxes

Answer 38

petroleum (paraffin) from fossil fuels

Question 39

synthetic types of wax

Answer 39

polypropylene, polyethylene

Question 40

carotenoids

Answer 40

a natrual fat-soluble pigment

Question 41

structure of carotenoids

Answer 41

backbone of 40 carbon polyene chain with alternating single and double bonds terminated by cyclic end-groups

Question 42

where is carotenoid found in plants?

Answer 42

plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria, pigment needed for photosynthesis

Question 43

retinal

Answer 43

pigment in eye that absorbs light energy

Question 44

carotenoid use in animals

Answer 44

retinal and retinol which are derivatives of beta carotene