Lipids

Question 1

These are biomolecules that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water.

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Lipids are defined on the on the basis of _____________

Answer 2

Physical property

Question 2

This is a sweetener used in sugar-free mints and gum.

Answer 2

Sorbitol

Question 3

The common lipids in:

Vegetable oils
Egg yolk
Leafy greens

Answer 3

Triacylglycerols
Cholesterol
Vitamin E

Question 4

β- carotene is the orange pigment in carrots, and the precursor of vitamin __

Answer 4

Vitamin A

Question 5

This is a hydrocarbons, often strong-smelling protect the plants that produce them by deterring parasites.

Answer 5

Terpenes

Question 6

A type of organic compound that contains a characteristic arrangement of four cycloalkane rings joined to one another.

Answer 6

Steroid

Question 7

A human sex hormone

Answer 7

Estradiol

Question 8

Estradiol is essential for the ________________ and ________________ of female reproductive tissues, but it also has important effects in many other tissues including bone.

Answer 8

development and maintenance

Question 9

Lipids can be categorized as?

Answer 9

Hydrolyzable lipids and Nonhydrolyzable lipids

Question 11

Hydrolyzable lipids are derived from ___________.

Answer 11

Fatty acids

Question 11

This cannot be cleaved into
smaller molecules by aqueous hydrolysis.

Answer 11

Nonhydrolyzable lipids

Question 12

______________ fatty acids have no double bonds in their long hydrocarbon chains.

Answer 12

Saturated

Question 13

______________ fatty acids have 1 or more double bonds (generally cis) in their long hydrocarbon chains

Answer 13

Unsaturated

Question 14

As the number of double bonds in the fatty acid ____________, the melting point decreases.

Answer 14

Increases

Question 15

_____ and ________ acids are essential fatty acids; they cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed.

Answer 15

Linoleic and linolenic

Question 16

______ are esters formed from a fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol.

Answer 16

Waxes

Question 17

Waxes are hydrophobic because of their ______________

Answer 17

long nonpolar C chains

Question 18

Contains three esters formed from glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.

Answer 18

Triacyglycerols

Question 19

It is simple triacylglycerols because it have ____________ fatty acid side chains

Answer 19

3 identical

Question 20

Triacylglycerols that have two or three different fatty acids

Answer 20

Mixed

Question 21

Triacylglycerols have many C=C bonds.

Answer 21

Polyunsaturated

Question 22

Triacylglycerols have 1 C=C bond.

Answer 22

Monounsaturated

Question 23

Fats have _______ melting points

Answer 23

higher

Question 24

Oils have _____ melting points

Answer 24

lower

Question 25

Used to build cell membranes, insulate the body, and store energy for later use.

Answer 25

Fats

Question 26

It is recommended that no more than ______ of a person’s caloric intake should come from lipids.

Answer 26

20 - 35%

Question 27

Saturated fats stimulate cholesterol synthesis, which can lead to _____________ building up inside arteries.

Answer 27

cholesterol plaques

Question 28

These are primarily synthesized instead of naturally occurring, act like saturated fats and increase the cholesterol levels in the blood.

Answer 28

Trans fats

Question 29

Triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed with water in the presence of _____________ (in the body).

Answer 29

acid, base, or enzymes

Question 30

The number of adipose cells is _______; weight gained or lost causes them to SWELL OR SHRINK, but not decrease or increase in number

Answer 30

constant

Question 31

To metabolize triacylglycerols for energy, the esters are hydrolyzed by enzymes called ________

Answer 31

lipases

Question 32

Soaps are __________ of fatty acids prepared by basic hydrolysis (saponification) of a triacylglycerol

Answer 32

metal salts

Question 33

True or False The polar tails dissolve grease and oil and the nonpolar head makes it soluble in water.

Answer 33

False Exp: NONPOLAR tails dissolve grease and oil POLAR head make it soluble in water

Question 34

All soaps work similarly but have different properties depending on the ________________________

Answer 34

lipid source, length of C chain, and degree of unsaturation

Question 35

True or False Two common types of phospholipids are sphingomyelins and phosphoacyglycerols

Answer 35

True

Question 36

True or False Phosphoacylglycerols are the secondary component of most cell membrane

Answer 36

False Exp: They are the MAIN component

Question 37

What are the main types of phosphoacylglycerols?

Answer 37

Cephalin Lecithin

Question 38

____________ do not contain a glycerol backbone, they have a sphingosine backbone instead

Answer 38

Sphingomyelins

Question 39

The coating that surrounds nerve cells, is rich in sphingomyelins.

Answer 39

Myelin sheath

Question 40

The major component of cell membranes, contain a hydrophilic polar head and two hydrophobic nonpolar tails.

Answer 40

Phospholipids

Question 41

__________ and _____________ molecules are embedded in the lipid bilayer membrane.

Answer 41

Protein and cholesterol

Question 42

____________ proteins are embedded within the membrane and extend outward on one side only.

Answer 42

Peripheral

Question 43

Larger polar molecules need_____________ to cross efficiently.

Answer 43

facilitated transport

Question 44

The most prominent steroid, is synthesized in the liver and found in almost all body tissues.

Answer 44

Cholesterols

Question 45

Lipoproteins transport cholesterol from the liver to the tissues. This also deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries

Answer 45

Low-density

Question 46

Lipoproteins transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver. This also reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood stream

Answer 46

High-density

Question 47

__________ regulates blood pressure and volume by controlling the concentration of Na+ and K+ in body fluids.

Answer 47

Aldosterone

Question 48

____________ are organic compounds required in small quantities for normal metabolism and must be obtained from the diet.

Answer 48

Vitamins

Question 49

What vitamin that is found in liver, fish, dairy products and is made from β-carotene?

Answer 49

Vitamin A It is needed for vision and for healthy mucous membranes.

Question 50

This vitamin can be synthesized from cholesterol

Answer 50

Vitamin D It can be obtained in the diet from many foods, especially milk, and helps regulate Ca and K metabolism

Question 51

A vitamin that is an antioxidant, protecting unsaturated side chains in fatty acids from unwanted oxidation

Answer 51

Vitamin E Deficiency of vitamin E causes numerous neurological problems

Question 52

A kind of vitamin that regulates the synthesis of clotting proteins (prothrombin), and deficiency of this leads to excessive or fatal bleeding.

Answer 52

Vitamin K

Question 53

Two types of Eicosanoids

Answer 53

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes

Question 54

True or False Leukotrienes are carboxylic acids that contain a five-membered ring and have a wide range of biological activities.

Answer 54

Prostaglandins

Question 55

True or False Prostaglandins are molecules that contribute to the asthmatic response by constricting smooth muscle of the lung

Answer 55

Leukotrienes