What does CHIVESS stand for in lipids?
C - Cushion
H - Heat
I - Insulation
V - (Absorbs) Vitamins
E - Energy
S- Stiffening cell membranes in animals
S - Signalling hormones
What are lipids composed of? Polar or non-polar?
They’re composed of C, H, O. Long hydrocarbon chains. They’re non-polar.
What are the four classes of fats?
Fats, Steroids, Phosphides, Waxes.
Do lipids form polymers?
NO!!! They’re big molecules made of smaller subunits, not a chain.
What’s glycerol?
It’s a hydroxyl, and 3 OH groups that provide 3 possible binding sites. Holds together fatty acids.
What are fatty acids?
They’re an aldehyde attached to a long chain of C & H. They’re also non-polar and insoluble in water.
What’s an ester linkage?
A bond between OH and COOH.
What is glycerol attached to one fatty acid called? Two? Three?
Monoglyceride, Diglyceride, Triglyceride.
What’s a saturated fatty acid? What does it contain? What’s its structure? What is it at room temperature? What’s it come from? Where is it ranked on the health scale?
- Only C-C and contains the max # of H possible.
-It’s a straight chain with a high # of low density fats.
-Solid at room temp.
-Comes from animals.
-Unhealthy.
What’s an unsaturated fatty acid? What do they have? Cis or trans? What’s it as room temp? What’s it come from? Healthy or unhealthy?
-They have double carbon bonds which cause kinks in the hydrocarbon chain.
-Liquid at room temperature.
-Comes from plants and fish.
-Healthy.
Monounsaturated? Polyunsaturated?
Mono = one C=C
Poly = More than one C=C
What’s hydrogenation?
A chemical process whereby H Is added across the C=C of an unsaturated fat converting it to saturated fat.
What’s the problem with hydrogenation?
In increase in saturated fats means more solid fat at room temperature.
This leads to artery blockage, and risks cardiovascular disease.
What does cis mean for fatty acids?
They’re naturally occurring and a kinked chain. Melting point at 13.4*C.
What does trans mean for fatty acids?
Means it’s a straighter chain with less refrigeration needed. The molecules pack tightly together and have more bonds to break. Has a higher melting point.
What’s the rank of healthiness in fats?
Really bad: Trans-fatty acids
Bad: Saturated fatty acids
Good in moderation: Unsaturated fatty acids
What’s a phospholipid?
It’s made of a glycerol molecule attached to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group.
How do phospholipid’s act in water?
Hydrophilic heads are attracted to H2O, while the tails hide from H2O.
They self assemble into bubbles and form a bilayer.
Why is phospholipids in water important?
Because they create a barrier in the water, define inside vs. outside, and make cell membranes.
What’s the structure of steroids?
It’s 4 fused hydrocarbon rings plus something else.
Different steroids are created by attaching different functional groups. Different structure means different function.
What is made up of steroids?
Cholesterol and sex hormones.
What does cholesterol do?
It’s an important cell component as it keeps the cell membrane flexible through a range of temperatures.
What does cholesterol do for steroids?
It’s the skeleton of all other steroids, including vertebrate sex hormones.
What are Waxes?
They’re a long-chain fatty acids attached to alcohols or carbon rings. They’re firm and pliable.
