Essential fatty acids
- Cant be made by us bc lack enzyme to lace dbl bonds past C 9 and 10 ( Omega-3 and omega-6)
- Linoleic acid and Linolenic Acid are essential
- Polyunsaturated
- Used to make Archidonic acid
- Most naturally occuring FA are even numbered C 16 18 most common
How do bile salts aid in digestion of fats
- Enter duodenum
- Break up large fat globules into smaller lumps (micelles) to create more surface area
- Pancreatic lipase can access more
- Bile is hydrophobic and hydrophillic
- Hydrophobic attach to fat, phillic associate with water to help emulsigy
- Micelles travel to microvilli of intestinal epithelial and absorbed
Basic structure of phospholipids
Glycerol backbone
2 Fatty acid (Hydrophobic)
Phosphate (Hydrophillic)
Sphingomyelin
Group of phospholipids in nerve tissue
Have a sphingosine backbone instead of glycerol
Accumulation can lead to Nie-Mann Picks disease (begins early in life, belly swelling, cherry red spot on eye, feeding difficulties, loss of early motor skills)
Major components of lipoproteins
5
- Triacylglycerols
- Cholesterol
- Cholesterol esters (component being carried)
- Phopholipids
- Proteins (Apolipoproteins)
Chylomicrons
density
trasport
Least dense
High content of triacylglycerols
Transport triacylglycerols from GI to muscle, adipose, liver
VLDLs
High content of triacylglycerols
Transport endogenous triacylglycerols from liver to tissues (muscle liver)
LDL
Highest content of cholesterol
Primary plasma carries of cholesterol to tissues and liver
HDL
Low amount of triacylglycerols most protein
Transfers cholesterol as an acyl ester derivative from other tissues back to liver
HDL is made de novo in liver
FA Synthesis
Where
starting
Regulation
- FA synthesis begins in mitochondria with formation of citrate and then travels out to cytoplasm
- Acetyl CoA provides malonyl-CoA to be used in the multienzyme comples Fatty Acid Synthase
- Regulation of FA synthesis occurs at Acetyl CoA Carboxylase and controlled by insulin, glucagon, epinephrine
