How does chemistry drive biology
fatty, waxy, or oily compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in polar solvents such as water. Lipids include: Fats and oils (triglycerides)
What is the function of a fat
- long term energy storage
- insulation
- protects internal organs
- chemical signals
what is the structure
- made of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbon)
- hydrocarbon chains are the primary structure
- some other lipids may contain functional groups
- Insoluble in water (nonpolar covalent)
- soluble in non-polar substances
What is the structure of triglyceride
a glycerol backbone and three fatty chains
Explain glycerol
- three carbon chains and three hydroxyl groups
- One fatty acid chain will bind with each hydroxyl group producing a total of 3 water molecules
What is the bond between glycerol molecules and fatty chains called
ester linkage
What type of group dose fatty acids have
Carboxyl group
Describe a fatty acid chain
- hydrocarbon may be short, medium, and long
- may be saturated or unsaturated
- the length and number of bonds will ultimately determine the specific properties of fat
what is the condensation reaction between hydrocarbon and the fatty acids
triglyceride
What is a saturated fat
- does not contain a double bond
- straight
- lie flat - strong van der waal force
- solid at room temp
Example of a saturated fat
- lard or animal fat
Example of a unsaturated fat
- olive oil
- fish oil
What is a unsaturated fat
- have one or more double c bonds
- crooked (weaker van der waal force)
- liquid room temp
What is MCFA
saturated and unsaturated acids found in high concentrations in food
What is a phosphlipid molecules
- have a glycerol backbone
- a phosphate group, a nitrogen group
- two fatty acid chains
Structure of phosphlipid
divided in two parts: the tail and the head
What does the head of a phosphlipid consists of
- glycerol backbone
- phosphate group
- nitrogen group
Is the head of a phosphlipid polar or not polar
polar
What is the structure of the tail of the phosphlipid
- 2 fatty chains
- hydrophobic (non-polar)
Explain steroids
- hydrophobic moleucles that contain four hydrocarbon rings and various funtional groups
- cholesterol helps help the cell membrane fluid- like
Examples of steroids
sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen)
Explain waxes and the condensation reaction
between a long-chain fatty acid (carboxyl) and a long-chain alcohol (hydroxyl)
What is chemically different between saturated and unsaturated fats
- Saturated fats contain only single bonds in the carbon chain, with all excess carbon electrons bonded to hydrogen.
- Unsaturated fats do not have all excess carbon electrons bonded to hydrogen.
