1
Q
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2
Q
Term/Concept
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Definition/Explanation
3
Q
Literature
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A body of written, oral, or visual works that imaginatively express human experiences, emotions, and thoughts.
4
Q
Generic Sense of Literature
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Anything printed that reflects man’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
5
Q
Specific Sense of Literature
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Belles-lettres; creative or fine writings characterized by imagination and artistry.
6
Q
Henry Van Dyke
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Defined literature as writings interpreting the meanings of nature and life with artistic charm and power.
7
Q
Seven Literary Standards
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Universality, Permanence, Artistry, Style, Suggestiveness, Intellectual Value, and Spiritual Value.
8
Q
Universality
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Addresses themes relatable across cultures and time periods.
9
Q
Permanence
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Endures over time and offers insights upon rereading.
10
Q
Artistry
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Displays aesthetic beauty and imaginative expression.
11
Q
Style
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The author’s distinct voice or way of expressing ideas.
12
Q
Suggestiveness
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Evokes emotion and imagination beyond literal meaning.
13
Q
Intellectual Value
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Stimulates thought and provides insights about life.
14
Q
Spiritual Value
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Uplifts the spirit through moral or inspiring messages.
15
Q
Prose
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Ordinary form of written language without metrical structure.
16
Q
Poetry
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Patterned form of verbal or written expression that uses rhythm and imagination.
17
Q
Fiction
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Narrative based on imagination, not fact; shows human life in a recreated form.
18
Q
Nonfiction
A
Literature based on factual information, real people, and events.
19
Q
Essay
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A moderate-length composition expressing a viewpoint or exploration of a subject.
20
Q
Drama
A
A story written in dialogue and action intended for performance.
21
Q
Classic Literature
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A work that expresses life, truth, and beauty, stands the test of time, and has universal appeal.
22
Q
Esther Lombardi
A
Defines a classic as a work with quality, appeal, longevity, and influence.
23
Q
Adam Andrews
A
Argues that classics transcend their own time by addressing universal themes.
24
Q
Hundred-Year Rule
A
A book must persist in relevance for at least 100 years to be a classic.
25
Artistic Quality
High level of literary art expressing life, truth, and beauty.
26
Universal Appeal
Touches readers emotionally across backgrounds and generations.
27
T.S. Eliot
Modernist poet who emphasized tradition and impersonality in poetry.
28
Paz Latorena
Advocated literature’s intellectual, emotional, and moral values for cultivating literary taste.
29
Intellectual Value (Latorena)
Enriches and enlarges mental life with fundamental truths.
30
Emotional Value
Appeals to feelings and moods.
31
Ethical or Moral Value
Promotes goodness; focuses on virtue rather than evil.
32
Mark Twain
Author of 'The Five Boons of Life'; presents moral lessons on fleeting human desires.
33
The Five Boons of Life
Fame, Love, Riches, Pleasure, and Death – illustrating life’s illusions and true peace in death.
34
Fame (Twain)
Leads to envy and disappointment.
35
Love (Twain)
Brings grief and loss.
36
Riches (Twain)
Temporary and unsatisfactory.
37
Pleasure (Twain)
Short-lived and unfulfilling.
38
Death (Twain)
The ultimate gift; peace after life’s sufferings.
39
Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve
Defined a classic as an author enriching the human mind with moral and artistic truth.
40
Canon
A collection of works recognized for authenticity and lasting influence.
41
Tradition
Transmission of cultural and literary standards across generations.
42
Barbara Hernstein Smith
Argued that judgments of value are shaped by social and cultural conditions.
43
Henri de Saint-Simon
Highlighted the arts' power to shape society through ideas.
44
Classic (Citizenry Context)
Originally referred to first-class citizens in Rome.
45
Classic vs Classical Studies
Classic refers to timeless works; classical studies concern Greco-Roman cultures.
46
Aesthetic Classic
A timeless design or work that transcends trends and serves as a model.
47
Humanistic Definition of Classic
A work that advances moral and intellectual understanding of humanity.
48
Tradition and Individual Talent
Eliot’s essay emphasizing the connection between poets and literary tradition.
49
Historical Sense
Understanding of the past’s presence in current art; the sense of timelessness and temporality.
50
Objective Correlative
A literary device where concrete objects evoke emotion rather than direct expression.
51
Poetic Process
The organization of experiences into art, not spontaneous emotion.
52
Extinction of Personality
The poet’s self is suppressed in favor of artistic expression.
53
Inferno
Dante’s depiction of Hell with nine circles symbolizing different sins and punishments.
54
Contrapasso
Punishment that mirrors the sin committed, representing divine justice.
55
Cantos 1–3
Describe Dante’s journey, guided by Virgil, encountering lost souls at Hell’s gate.
56
Three Beasts
Leopard (lust), Lion (pride), She-Wolf (greed) — symbolize fundamental sins.
57
Virgil
Dante’s guide through Hell, symbolizing reason.
58
Beatrice
Represents divine love guiding Dante toward salvation.
59
Anton Chekhov
Russian realist known for psychological depth, subtext, and understated emotion.
60
The Bet
Story on the value of human life, knowledge, and freedom through a lawyer’s confinement.
61
Guy de Maupassant
French naturalist writer known for concise style and ironic endings.
62
A Piece of String
Story about false accusation, social judgment, and injustice.
63
Confucius
Chinese philosopher emphasizing ethics, virtue, and social harmony.
64
Analects
Collection of Confucius’ teachings compiled by his disciples.
65
Tianming
Mandate of Heaven; moral legitimacy of rulers.
66
Dao
The Way; moral and ethical path of life.
67
De
Virtue or moral power that positively influences others.
68
Junzi
Gentleman or moral exemplar embodying virtue and propriety.
69
Ren
Benevolence and humaneness promoting community flourishing.
70
Li
Ritual and proper conduct maintaining order and respect.
71
Xiao
Filial piety; devotion and obedience to parents and elders.
72
Yi
Righteousness; moral sensitivity to do good.
73
Zhong
Conscientiousness; doing unto others as you would have them do unto you.
74
Shu
Reciprocity; avoiding actions you wouldn’t want done to you.
75
F. Sionil Jose
National Artist for Literature; his works advocate for social justice and nationalism.
76
Rosales Saga
Series of novels depicting 100 years of Philippine social struggle and injustice.
77
The Pretenders
Novel about moral corruption and class disparity in Filipino society.
78
My Brother, My Executioner
Novel showing postwar class conflict and moral decay.
79
Mass
Concludes the Rosales Saga; portrays rebellion against oppression.
80
Jose Rizal’s Influence
Inspired F. Sionil Jose’s nationalist and reformist writing style.
81
Term/Concept
Definition/Explanation / Quote
82
Give me three reasons why it is called CW (Creative Writing)
CW stands for Creative Writing because it emphasizes (1) creativity and imagination in expression, (2) artistic use of language, and (3) personal or emotional authenticity in writing.
83
Canon
A collection of literary works deemed authentic, exemplary, and worthy of study.
84
Tradition
A transmission of cultural values and artistic methods through generations.
85
Pollock (1999:10)
Described the canon as embracing tradition, linking the past and present in cultural definition.
86
Williams (1977:115)
Defined tradition as a shaping of the past and a preshaped present influencing identity.
87
Barbara Hernstein Smith
Argued that no judgment is purely objective; all literary valuation is shaped by social and institutional conditions.
88
Henri de Saint-Simon
Saw art as having priestly power to positively influence society by spreading new ideas.
89
Classic in Citizenry Context
In Rome, 'classic' referred to first-class citizens, indicating excellence and prestige.
90
Classic vs Classical Studies
‘Classic’ means timeless and universal; ‘Classical Studies’ refers to Greco-Roman cultural scholarship.
91
Aesthetic Purpose of Classic
Defines a classic as timeless, of the highest quality, and a standard of excellence.
92
Humanistic Bent of Sainte-Beuve’s Classic
Describes a classic author as one enriching humanity by expressing universal truths and moral insight.
93
analytical
Refers to literary innovation that challenges traditional forms and conventions.
94
Objective Correlative (Quote)
T.S. Eliot: 'The only way of expressing emotion in the form of art is by finding an objective correlative.'
95
Historical Sense (Quote)
T.S. Eliot: 'The historical sense involves a perception of the pastness of the past and its presence.'
96
Extinction of Personality (Quote)
Eliot’s belief that the poet’s self must vanish, leaving pure art and emotion expressed through structure.
97
Hundred-Year Rule
Adam Andrews’ idea that a work must remain relevant for at least a century to be called a classic.
98
99
Sainte-Beuve Rubrics on the Classics
Aesthetic whole, informed poetics, recognition of tradition, avant-garde vision, innovation, and originality.
100
Tradition and Individual Talent (Quote)
T.S. Eliot: 'No poet, no artist of any art, has his complete meaning alone.'
101
Inferno Allegory
Dante’s work as an allegory of the soul’s journey toward God and liberation from sin.
102
Three Beasts (Symbolism)
Leopard (lust/fraud), Lion (pride/violence), She-Wolf (greed/incontinence).
103
Contrapasso (Quote)
Divine justice where the punishment mirrors the sin: ‘By what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.’
104
Mark Twain’s Moral Lesson
True peace and value lie not in worldly pleasures but in acceptance of life’s finality through death.
105
Paz Latorena (Quote)
Emphasized that literature should possess intellectual, emotional, and moral values to refine taste.
106
Classic (Cultural Capital)
A work that retains relevance and excellence across cultures, serving as a model of timeless art.
107
T.S. Eliot on Tradition
Tradition is dynamic, not imitation; it connects the living present with the literature of the past.
108
Classic (Definition by Sainte-Beuve)
‘An author who has enriched the human mind and revealed some eternal passion in the heart.’
109
Adam Schasel
Categorized classics as Archetypal (establish patterns) and Analytical (break them apart to create new meaning).
110
Eliot Rejects Romantic Subjectivism
He dismisses poetry based on spontaneous emotions; values structured artistic expression instead.
111
Inferno Christian Undertone
Represents the soul’s spiritual ascent and divine justice through symbolic punishments.
112
Canto 3 (Quote)
‘Abandon all hope, ye who enter here.’ — Inscription above Hell’s gate in Dante’s Inferno.
113
F. Sionil Jose (Quote)
‘A writer who bears the truth also bears freedom.’ – reflects his advocacy for justice and reform.
114
Jose Rizal’s Influence on F. Sionil Jose
Inspired themes of nationalism, class struggle, and moral awakening in his Rosales Saga.
115
Creative Writing (CW)
A literary form emphasizing imaginative and original expression through fiction, poetry, or drama.
116
CW vs Academic Writing
CW values artistic creativity and emotion, while academic writing focuses on logic, structure, and argument.
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flashcards
Decks in class (10)
# Cards
