Liver

Question 1

What are 4 functions of the liver?

Answer 1

1. Metabolism
2. Detoxification
3. Protein synthesis
4. Synthesis of clotting factors

Question 2

Storing glucose as glycogen

Answer 2

Glycogenesis

Question 3

Breaking down of glycogen into glucose

Answer 3

Glycogenolysis

Question 4

Forming glucose from non-carbohydrates sources

Answer 4

Gluconeogenesis

Question 5

What fat synthesis does the liver contribute to?

Answer 5

1. Lipoprotein
2. Cholesterol

Question 6

What does the liver convert ammonia to?

Answer 6

Urea

Question 7

The breakdown of toxic substances

Answer 7

Detoxification

Question 8

In detoxification, _______ substances are converted to ________ for excretion

Answer 8

Lipophilic; water soluble

Question 9

What pressure is associated with albumin?

Answer 9

Oncotic

Question 10

What proteins does the liver synthesize?

Answer 10

1. Albumin
2. Alpha-globulins
3. Clotting factors

Question 11

What anticoagulants does the liver synthesize? 3

Answer 11

1. Protein C
2. Protein S
3. Anti-thrombin

Question 12

What are 2 markers for hepatocyte death?

Answer 12

1. AST
2. ALT

Question 13

What is a marker for hepatic encephalopathy?

Answer 13

Ammonia

Question 14

True or False: most patients with cirrhosis are asymptomatic until late in the disease process

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Fibrotic changes to the liver

Answer 15

Cirrhosis

Question 16

What 3 things does cirrhosis lead to?

Answer 16

1. Collapse of liver structure
2. Increased resistance to portal blood flow
3. Decrease in synthetic function

Question 17

True or false: fibrosis of the liver is irreversible

Answer 17

False (remove underlying cause)

Question 18

What 3 things are involved in the transition from chronic liver disease to cirrhosis?

Answer 18

1. Inflammation
2. Angiogenesis
3. Portal Hypertension

Question 19

What 2 factors are needed to diagnose cirrhosis?

Answer 19

1. Imaging of irregular or nodules liver
2. Impaired synthetic liver function

Question 20

True or false: a biopsy is not recommended for identify cirrhosis

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the description for stage 1 cirrhosis?

Answer 21

Compensated with no esophageal varices

Question 22

What is the description for stage 2 cirrhosis?

Answer 22

Compensated with varices

Question 23

What is the description for stage 3 cirrhosis?

Answer 23

Decompensated with ascites

Question 24

What is the description for stage 4 cirrhosis?

Answer 24

Decompensated with GI bleeding

Question 25

What is the description for stage 5 cirrhosis?

Answer 25

Infections and renal failure

Question 26

What are 7 clinical presentations

Answer 26

1. Fatigue 2. Jaundice 3. Dark urine 4. Light stool 5. Itching 6. Abdominal pain 7. Bloating

Question 27

What is the hallmark symptom of liver disease?

Answer 27

Jaundice

Question 28

What is elevated that contributes to dark urine?

Answer 28

Bilirubin

Question 29

When does dark urine generally present?

Answer 29

Prior to jaundice

Question 30

Jaundice without dark urine can be caused by what disease state?

Answer 30

Hemolytic anemia

Question 31

What causes light stools?

Answer 31

Inability to absorb fats due to hyperalbuminemia

Question 32

What 3 things show spontaneous rupture to micro vasculature?

Answer 32

1. Spider angioma 2. Red palms 3. Ecchymoses

Question 33

What is the symptom of itching caused by?

Answer 33

Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 34

What are 5 symptoms shown in liver disease?

Answer 34

1. Ascites 2. Encephalopathy 3. Sepsis 4. Variceal bleeding 5. Non-obstructive jaundice