Liver

Question 1

what is the liver?

Answer 1

• largest gland
• located between stomach and the diaphragm

Question 2

what are the four main lobes of the liver?

Answer 2

• left hepatic
• right hepatic
• quadrate
• caudate

Question 3

what side of the liver is larger?

Answer 3

right

Question 4

what cells does the liver consist of?

Answer 4

hepatocytes arranged in hexagonal lobules

Question 5

what are bile canaliculi?

Answer 5

where bile is secreted in the liver and transported to the gallbladder

Question 6

what are the main functions of the liver?

Answer 6

• metabolism of carb, prot, and fat absorbed from the intestines
• production of bile
• neutralization and destruction of drugs and toxins
• manufacture , breakdown and regulation of hormones
• removal of old RBC
  -storage of iron and ADEK

Question 7

what is P450 enzyme?

Answer 7

cytochrome
-work by oxidising certain drugs
- can affect metabolism of other drugs

Question 8

what is oxidisation of drugs called?

Answer 8

phase 1 reactions

Question 9

what do phase 2 reactions involve?

Answer 9

conjugation with endogenus substances
-increase the polarity. of an intermediate metabolite
- make the compound more water soluble

Question 10

where does the gallbladder lie?

Answer 10

Between quadrate and right medial lobe

Question 11

where does the falciform ligament lie?

Answer 11

extends from umbillicus to diaphragm

Question 12

what do the hepatic lobules consist of?

Answer 12

portal triad between a capillary network and a central vein

Question 13

what are the three main areas of the portal triad?

Answer 13

• hepatic arteriole (providing blood to keep tissue healthy)
• bile duct (collecting bile)
• interlobular portal vein (brining substances in)

Question 13

what are the functions of the liver?

Answer 13

• formation of bile
• formation of urea
• metabolism
• breakdown RBCs
• storage
• synthesis
• detoxification

Question 14

what does bile contain?

Answer 14

bile salts, water, bile pigment

Question 15

what stimulates secretion of secretin?

Answer 15

presence of food in stomach and duodenum

Question 16

what stimulates the secretion of bile?

Answer 16

cholecystokinin

Question 17

what is stored in the liver?

Answer 17

• iron
• fats
• glycogen
• vitamins ADEK and B12

Question 18

what does the liver convert ammonia into?

Answer 18

urea

Question 19

what is helped to synthesise in the liver?

Answer 19

• vitamin A
• plasma proteins aka fibrinogen
• antibodies
• antioxidents

Question 20

what is excess blood glucose converted to in the liver from carbs?

Answer 20

glycogen and fat

Question 21

why are lipids helpful in the liver?

Answer 21

needed for bile and phospholipid production as well as energy production