Liver

Question 1

What is excretion?

Answer 1

The process of removing waste products from the body

Question 2

Define metabolism

Answer 2

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in your cells

Question 3

How does the liver break down excess amino acids into less harmful products?

Answer 3

Deamination
Ornithine cycle (combined with CO2
Urea produced

Question 4

Describe the process of deamination

Answer 4

NH2 groups removed from excess amino acids, forming ammonia

Question 5

Why does ammonia need to be combined with CO2?

Answer 5

Ammonia is very toxic to your brain and cells

Question 6

How does the liver break down ethanol?

Answer 6

Ethanol —> Ethanal —> Acetic Acid

Question 7

Why does ethanol need to be converted into acetic acid?

Answer 7

Ethanol (excess) can cause cirrhosis when cells die and scar tissue blocks blood

Question 8

How is the liver important for energy storage?

Answer 8

Extra glucose –> Glycogen
Stored in the liver

Question 9

What is the role of the hepatic artery?

Answer 9

To supply the liver with oxygenated blood so cells can respire

Question 10

What is the role of the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 10

Brings digested molecules from duodenum and ileum to filter out harmful substances

Question 11

Why is the hepatic portal vein so important?

Answer 11

As any toxic substances can be filtered out ASAP

Question 12

Describe the structure of a liver lobule

Answer 12

• Cylindrical structures made of hepatocytes
• Central vein connects to the hepatic vein

Question 13

In hepatocytes, what connects the hepatic portal vein and artery to the central vein?

Answer 13

Sinusoids

Question 14

What are 2 roles of Kupffer cells?

Answer 14

• Remove bacteria
• Recycle erythrocytes

Question 15

What is the role of the bile duct?

Answer 15

To transport bile made in the liver to the gallbladder

Question 16

How does bile get from hepatocytes to the gallbladder?

Answer 16

• Secreted by hepatocytes
• Into bile canaliculi
• Bile drains into ducts
• Which travels to gb.

Question 17

How do hepatocytes make blood less toxic?

Answer 17

By converting harmful substances into less harmful ones. NOT THE BEST FLASHCARD I KNOW.