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Liver Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the liver located?

A
  • Right hypochondrium
  • Extends to epigastrium
  • Slightly into left hypochondrium

The liver is positioned primarily in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen.

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2
Q

What is the weight of the liver?

A

About 1.5 kg

The liver is one of the largest organs in the body.

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3
Q

What is the shape of the liver?

A

Wedge-shaped

This shape allows the liver to fit snugly under the diaphragm.

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4
Q

Name the surfaces of the liver.

A
  • Anterior
  • Right lateral
  • Posterior
  • Superior
  • Inferior (visceral)

Each surface has distinct anatomical relationships.

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5
Q

Describe the borders of the liver.

A
  • Rounded and ill-defined
  • Inferior border is sharp
  • Separates anterior & right lateral from inferior surface

The sharp inferior border is important for surgical access.

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6
Q

Describe the right lateral surface of the liver.

A
  • Covered by peritoneum
  • Related to right cupola of diaphragm
  • Separated from right pleura, lung, 7th–11th ribs

This surface is important for understanding liver relations in thoracic surgery.

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7
Q

Describe the anterior surface of the liver.

A
  • Covered by peritoneum except falciform ligament
  • Related to diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall
  • Separated from pleura & lung bases

The falciform ligament is a key anatomical landmark.

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8
Q

Describe the superior surface of the liver.

A
  • Related to diaphragm
  • Covered by peritoneum except small triangular area
  • Cardiac impression centrally
  • Related to heart, lungs & pleura

The cardiac impression is significant for cardiac surgeries.

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9
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A
  • Triangular
  • On posterior surface
  • No peritoneum
  • Bounded by coronary ligament
  • Base formed by IVC groove

This area is crucial for liver transplantation.

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10
Q

Describe the groove for inferior vena cava.

A
  • On posterior surface
  • Separated from porta hepatis by caudate process

This groove is important for understanding venous drainage.

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11
Q

What is the fissure for ligamentum venosum?

A
  • On posterior surface
  • Attachment of lesser omentum
  • Connects left portal vein to IVC

This fissure is a remnant of fetal circulation.

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12
Q

What is the oesophageal notch?

A
  • Near fissure for ligamentum venosum
  • Related to abdominal oesophagus

This notch is important for surgical approaches to the esophagus.

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13
Q

What is the caudate lobe?

A
  • On posterior surface
  • Separates IVC groove from porta hepatis
  • Forms upper boundary of epiploic foramen

The caudate lobe has unique vascular supply and drainage.

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14
Q

Name the processes of the caudate lobe.

A
  • Papillary process (lower left)
  • Caudate process (lower right)

These processes are important for liver anatomy.

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15
Q

Name features of the inferior surface from left to right.

A
  • Gastric impression
  • Fissure for ligamentum teres
  • Gall bladder fossa
  • Duodenal impression
  • Colic impression
  • Renal impression
  • Suprarenal impression

These impressions relate to adjacent organs.

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16
Q

Describe the gastric impression.

A
  • Related to stomach body
  • Related to tuber omental

This impression is significant for gastric surgeries.

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17
Q

What is the fissure for ligamentum teres?

A
  • Contains ligamentum teres
  • Obliterated left umbilical vein
  • Joins left portal vein

This fissure is a remnant of fetal circulation.

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18
Q

Describe the duodenal impression.

A
  • Related to 2nd part of duodenum

This impression is important for understanding duodenal surgeries.

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19
Q

Describe the colic impression.

A
  • Anterior
  • Near inferior border
  • Related to hepatic flexure

This impression is significant for colon surgeries.

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20
Q

Describe the renal impression.

A
  • Behind colic impression
  • Right of duodenal impression
  • Related to right kidney

This impression is important for renal surgeries.

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21
Q

Describe the suprarenal impression.

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A
  • Near bare area
  • Related to right suprarenal gland

This impression is significant for adrenal surgeries.

22
Q

What is the quadrate lobe?

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A
  • Part of inferior surface
  • Between ligamentum teres fissure & gall bladder fossa

The quadrate lobe has distinct vascular supply.

23
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

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A
  • Hilum of liver
  • Entry & exit of vessels and ducts
  • Attachment of lesser omentum

This area is crucial for liver function.

24
Q

What enters the liver through porta hepatis?

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A
  • Portal vein
  • Hepatic artery
  • Hepatic nerve plexus

These structures are vital for liver metabolism.

25
What leaves the liver through **porta hepatis**?
* Right & left hepatic ducts * Lymph vessels ## Footnote These ducts are important for bile drainage.
26
Arrangement of structures in **porta hepatis**.
* Anterior: hepatic ducts * Middle: hepatic artery * Posterior: portal vein ## Footnote This arrangement is crucial for surgical access.
27
Name **anatomical lobes of liver**.
* Right lobe * Left lobe ## Footnote These lobes have distinct functions.
28
Describe **right functional lobe**.
* Supplied by right hepatic artery & portal vein * Drains bile to right hepatic duct ## Footnote This lobe is larger and has more vascular supply.
29
Describe **left functional lobe**.
* Supplied by left hepatic artery & portal vein * Drains bile to left hepatic duct ## Footnote This lobe is smaller and has distinct functions.
30
Which liver areas lack **peritoneum**?
* Bare area * IVC groove * Gall bladder fossa * Porta hepatis * Ligamentum teres & venosum fissures * Between falciform layers ## Footnote These areas are important for surgical approaches.
31
Name **peritoneal folds of liver**.
* Falciform ligament * Coronary ligament * Right & left triangular ligaments * Lesser omentum ## Footnote These folds are important for liver stabilization.
32
Describe the **falciform ligament**.
* Sickle-shaped peritoneal fold * Connects liver to diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall ## Footnote This ligament is important for liver positioning.
33
What does the **falciform ligament contain**?
* Ligamentum teres * Paraumbilical veins ## Footnote These structures are remnants of fetal circulation.
34
How many **vascular segments** does the liver have?
8 segments * 4 per functional lobe ## Footnote Each segment has its own blood supply.
35
What supplies each **vascular segment**?
* Hepatic artery branch * Portal vein branch * Hepatic duct radicle ## Footnote This supply is crucial for liver function.
36
What is the **nerve supply of the liver**?
* Sympathetic fibers * From hepatic plexus * Derived from coeliac plexus ## Footnote This supply is important for liver regulation.
37
Surface anatomy of liver **upper border**.
* Left 5th rib (MCL) * Xiphisternal junction * Right 5th rib (MCL) * Right 7th rib (midaxillary) ## Footnote This anatomy is important for physical examination.
38
Surface anatomy of **right border of liver**.
* From right 7th rib * Down to 1 cm below right 10th rib ## Footnote This border is significant for imaging studies.
39
Surface anatomy of **lower border**.
* Right 9th costal cartilage * Left 8th costal cartilage ## Footnote This border is important for surgical access.
40
Length of **common hepatic duct**.
About 3 cm ## Footnote This duct is crucial for bile transport.
41
Relations of **common hepatic duct**.
* Right of hepatic artery * Anterior to portal vein ## Footnote Understanding these relations is important for surgical procedures.
42
How is the **bile duct formed**?
* Union of common hepatic duct & cystic duct ## Footnote This formation is crucial for bile drainage.
43
Length of **cystic duct**.
3–4 cm ## Footnote This duct connects the gallbladder to the bile duct.
44
Special feature of **cystic duct**.
5–12 crescentic mucosal folds ## Footnote These folds facilitate bile flow.
45
Parts of **gall bladder**.
* Fundus * Body * Neck ## Footnote Each part has distinct anatomical and functional roles.
46
Surface anatomy of **gall bladder fundus**.
* Tip of right 9th costal cartilage * Transpyloric plane (L1) ## Footnote This anatomy is important for surgical localization.
47
Blood supply of **gall bladder**.
* Cystic artery * Cystic vein → right portal vein ## Footnote This supply is crucial for gallbladder function.
48
Nerve supply of **gall bladder**.
* Sympathetic & parasympathetic fibers * From coeliac plexus * Right phrenic nerve (shoulder pain) ## Footnote This nerve supply is important for gallbladder regulation.
49
Length of **bile duct**.
About 7.5 cm ## Footnote This duct is important for bile transport to the duodenum.
50
Course of **bile duct**.
* Descends in lesser omentum * Anterior to epiploic foramen ## Footnote This course is significant for surgical approaches.
51
Termination of **bile duct**.
* Joins pancreatic duct * Forms hepatopancreatic ampulla * Opens at major duodenal papilla ## Footnote This termination is crucial for digestion.
52
Contents of **lesser omentum right free border**.
* Portal vein (posterior) * Bile duct (anterior right) * Hepatic artery (anterior left) ## Footnote Understanding these contents is important for surgical navigation.
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