Liver

Question 1

Function 1: produces bile

Answer 1

Bile breaks up fatty acids in small intestines
Stored in gallbladder until its released

Question 2

Function 2: Processes blood from stomach and intestines

Answer 2

Stores some vitamins
Processes fats and proteins
Inactivated drugs and toxins
Stores glucose as glycogen

Question 3

Lobes of the liver

Answer 3

4 lobes
Left, right, quadrate, & caudate

Question 4

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 4

Gathers blood from digestive organs and transports it into the liver
Low in oxygen

Question 5

Hepatic proper artery

Answer 5

Provides oxygen rich blood to the liver

Question 6

Inferior vena cava

Answer 6

Removes blood from the liver after its been processed

Question 7

Liver cell organization

Answer 7

Organized into 50k to 100k lobules

Question 8

Portal triads

Answer 8

Blood vessels and ducts are organized into the triads at each lobule corners
- Bile duct: transports bile out of lobule
- Portal Venule: Transports nutrient rich blood into the lobule
- Portal Arteriole: Transports oxygen rich blood into the lobule

Question 9

Sinusoids

Answer 9

Channels through which the arterial and venous blood mix

Question 10

Central Vein

Answer 10

Drains blood from sinusoids and out of the liver

Question 11

Hepatocytes

Answer 11

Primary cell of the liver, many functions
Arranged into plates in the lobules
- Produce bile that’s removed via the bile canaliculi
- Metabolize and store various substances from the blood
- Great ability to regenerate

Question 12

Flow of blood in lobules

Answer 12

1. Blood from portal arteriole and blood from portal venule mixes in the sinusoid
2. Gives hepatocytes access to oxygen, nutrients, etc.
3. Blood leaves the lobules through central vein, goes back to the heart

Question 13

Bile flow

Answer 13

Hepatocytes to bile canaliculus to the bile duct

Question 14

Hepatic macrophages

Answer 14

Kupffer cells
Move through the sinusoids
- Destroy bacteria and old blood cells

Question 15

Common hepatic duct

Answer 15

Bile duct draining away from liver

Question 16

Portal system

Answer 16

Blood flows through 2 capillary beds before returning to the heart
- Stomach and intestine
-Liver
Both form the hepatic portal system

Question 17

What is in bile

Answer 17

Cholesterol, bile acids, salts, and bilirubin

Question 18

Gallstones

Answer 18

Usually formed of cholesterol that precipitates out of bile while it is stored in the gallbladder