LM03

Question 1

society

Answer 1

a system of social interaction that includes both culture and social organization

Question 2

social interaction

Answer 2

behavior between 2 or more people that is given meaning

Question 3

sui generis

Answer 3

of its own kind or class, unique

- used by Emile Durkheim

Question 4

macroanalysis

Answer 4

looking at past complex & highly differentiated patters of social interaction,

• a sociological approach,
• broadcast view of society

Question 5

microanalysis

Answer 5

studies small, less complex, & less differentiated social interactions
- sociological approach

Question 6

social organization

Answer 6

are used by sociologists to describe the established order in social groups

Question 7

social institution

Answer 7

an established and organized system of social behavior with a recognized purpose

Question 8

Functional theorists identified the needs of society as

Answer 8

1. the socialization of new members of society
2. the production and distribution of goods and services
3. replacement of society’s members
4. maintenance of stability and existence
5. providing the members w. an ultimate sense of purpose

Question 9

social structure

Answer 9

organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that together compose society

Question 10

collective consciousness

Answer 10

body of beliefs common to a community of a society that give people a sense of belonging & a feeling of moral obligation to its demands and values

Question 11

mechanical solidarity

Answer 11

• unity felt as a result of performing the same or similar tasks
• term coined by Emilie Durkheim

Question 12

Organic Solidarity

Answer 12

• independence that results from the division of labor

- term coined by Emilie Durkheim

Question 13

division of labor

Answer 13

relatedness of different tasks that develop in complex societies

Question 14

gemeINshaft

Answer 14

• German for community
  -sense of “we”feeling, moderate division of labor,
  strong personal ties,
  strong family relationships
  sense of personal loyalty

Question 15

geSELLschaft

Answer 15

• German for society
  -consists of an increasing importance placed on the secondary relationships
  (work over family)

Question 16

types of societies

Answer 16

preindustrial society
industrial society
postindustrial society

Question 17

Theories about analyzing social interaction

Answer 17

1. social construction of reality
   2 ethnomethodogy
2. impress management and dramaturgy
3. social exchange and game theory

Question 18

preindustrial society

Answer 18

society that directly uses, modifies and or tills the land as major means of survival

• foraging societies
• pastoral societies
• horticultural societies
• agricultural societies

Question 19

Foraging Society

Answer 19

• economic base: hunting & foraging

- role differentiation based on gender

Question 20

Pastoral society

Answer 20

• economic base: domestication of animals
• endless searches for fresh grazing grounds
• role: differentiation based on gender

Question 21

horticultural societies

Answer 21

• economic base: hand tools used on land
• practice ancestor worship and conceive of a deity or deities as creators
• establish relatively permanent settlements and villages
• role differentiation: farmer, trader, craftsperson

Question 22

agricultural society

Answer 22

-economic system that relies on large scale farming using plows harnessed to animals creates a rigid caste system

Question 23

industrial society

Answer 23

society that uses machines and other advanced technologies to produce and distribute goods and services

Question 24

family wage economy

Answer 24

families become dependent on wages to support themselves but work within the family is unpaid therefore increasingly devalued

Question 25

postindustrial society

Answer 25

info based societies where technology plays a vital role in social organizations

Question 26

group

Answer 26

- interact & communicate w each other - share goals & norms - have subject awareness of themselves as "we " in a unit

Question 27

Social categories

Answer 27

people sharing common characteristics - race - gender

Question 28

status

Answer 28

established position in social structure that carries a degree or prestige with them

Question 29

status set

Answer 29

complete set of statuses occupied by a person at a given time

Question 30

status inconsistency

Answer 30

excise where the statuses occupied by a person bring with them significantly different amounts of prestige and thus differing expectation

Question 31

achieved status

Answer 31

attained by virtue of individual effort

Question 32

ascribed status

Answer 32

occupied form the moment a person is born

Question 33

passing

Answer 33

presenting yourself as a member of a different racial or ethnic group that the one born into

Question 34

master status

Answer 34

dom. status that overrides all other features of the person's identity

Question 35

role

Answer 35

behavior others expect form a person associated with a particular status

Question 36

role modeling

Answer 36

process where we imitate the behavior of someone we like in a particular role

Question 37

role set

Answer 37

all roles occupied at any given time

Question 38

role conflict

Answer 38

conflict between roles connected to 2 or more statuses

Question 39

role strain

Answer 39

tension among roles connected to a single status

Question 40

Nonvirbal communication

Answer 40

- form of social interaction and can be seen in various social patterns - influenced by social forces - meanings of nonverbal communication depending heavily on race, ethnicity , social class, and gender

Question 41

tactile communication

Answer 41

communicating through touching, | strongly influenced by gender

Question 42

proxemic communication

Answer 42

around of space between interacting people

Question 43

imprinting

Answer 43

phenomenon seen in newborn animals who attach themselves to the first living creature they encounter, even if its another species

Question 44

mere exposure effect

Answer 44

the more you see someone, in person or photograph, the more you like him or her

Question 45

social construction of reality

Answer 45

idea that our perception of what is real is determined by the subjective meaning that we attribute to an experience, a principle central to symbolic interaction

Question 46

definition of the situation

Answer 46

when we observe the context in which we find ourselves, then adjust out attitudes and perceptions accordingly (perceptions of reality are determined by this)

Question 47

ethnomethodology

Answer 47

deliberately disrupting social norms and observing how individuals attempt to restore normalcy

Question 48

background expectations

Answer 48

norms for behavior that they carry with them into situations of interaction

Question 49

impression management

Answer 49

precess which people control how others perceive them

Question 50

dramaturgy model

Answer 50

a way of analyzing interaction that assumes the participants are actors on a stage in the drama of everyday social life

Question 51

restore face

Answer 51

elimination conditions causing embarrassment

Question 52

social exchange model

Answer 52

interactions are determined by the rewards or punishments that we receive from others

Question 53

social profit

Answer 53

reward exceeds the punishment then the interaction will likely continue.