1
Q
Dietitian roles and clients x5
A
- Is protected by the Health and Care Professionals Council
- Provides similar guidance to a nutritionist
- They are a specialist which provides nutrition plans for patients to treat nutritionally related medical conditions
- Usually work within the NHS and would be referred to by the GP
- Their clients are usually individuals who have food related health issues such as Crohn’s disease
2
Q
Nutritionist roles and client x6
A
- They are not protected by are governed by the Association for Nutrition
- They provide guidance on the impact of nutrition on health at a population or individual level
- Work in non-clinical settings (health promotion, research, teaching, private consultations)
- Community or educational based
- Clients include groups or individuals who are looking for nutritional advice – weight loss/gain etc.
- Tend to work with people who are otherwise healthy – no medical conditions
3
Q
Nutritional therapist roles and clients x4
A
- They are not protected
- They address nutritional imbalances and use a wide range of tools to ‘help’ with individuals’ symptoms or concerns - For example detox, food avoidance etc
- Not evidence based and mostly anecdotal
- Usually has set up their own practice or work for pyramid schemes - working with individuals
4
Q
4 nutritional organisations
A
World Health Organisation (WHO)
British Dietetic Association (BDA)
British Nutrition Foundation (BNF)
British Heart Foundation (BHF)
5
Q
Describe World Health Organisation (WHO)
A
- International health of UN states – hold meetings and guide states
- Carry out research in disease, report and monitor health
- Help shape policies
6
Q
Describe British Dietetic Association (BDA)
A
- Professional association and trade union for UK dietitians
- Provide dietitians and nutritionists with information and research, membership
- Source of information for public and points them in direction of qualified specialist
7
Q
Describe British Nutrition Foundation (BNF)
A
- Charity providing evidence-based information on food and nutrition
- For everyone
- Publications, events, blogs, articles
- Offers membership for health professionals to access articles etc.
8
Q
Describe British Heart Foundation (BHF)
A
- Charity fighting heart disease
- Carry out research and publications
9
Q
Blood group diet theory x6
A
- Encourages you to eat certain foods based on blood type (A, B, AB or O)
- ‘Eat Right for Your Type: The Individualised Diet Solution to Staying Healthy’
- Believes that blood type affects the digestive process
- Implies that some foods are good for you and others are dangerous
- Claims that blood type creates a susceptibility to specific illness and diseases
- However, there is a lack of published evidence to support this
10
Q
Type O rules
A
Benefit from meat, poultry and fish
Restrict grains and wheat
Enjoy vigorous exercise
11
Q
Type A rules
A
Promotes vegetarian diets
Encouraged to consume soy proteins, grains and vegetables
Encouraged to moderately exercise
12
Q
Type B rules
A
Tolerant to low-fat dairy and meat
Should avoid wheat, corn and lentils
13
Q
Type AB rules
A
Sensitive tract and should avoid chicken, beef and pork
Should enjoy seafood, tofu, dairy and most dairy
Recommended to participate in calming exercise
14
Q
Health risks of blood type diet 3
A
- An unbalanced diet which is restrictive and can increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies
- No scientific evidence or support so health risks are not complete/established
- Those already suffering from illnesses such as diabetes, CHD, kidney disease may be at even greater risk
14
Q
Claimed benefits of blood type diet
A
- May suit an enthusiast with regards to plan that does not involve tracking calories or fat intake
- Improved well-being
- More energy
- Better digestion
15
Q
Judaism x5
A
- Fasting may be undertaken for several hours at a specified time of day
- Food processing laws and restrictions regarding the preparation of food and drink
- Rules about the use of pans, plates, utensils
- Separation of meats from dairy
- Aimed with the intention to reduce contamination
16
Q
Muslim x5
A
- Halal is the term for permitted foods
- Pork and birds of prey are forbidden – haram
- Overindulgence in substances is prohibited
- Tea, coffee and alcohol are discouraged
- Fasting’s are regular on a Monday and Thursday, for six days in Shawwal (10th month of Islamic year) and Ramadan (the 9th month)
17
Q
Issues with fasting
A
- Dehydration is common during fasting. The body continues to lose water through breathing, perspiration and urinating
- Excess acid can build up in the digestive system as a result of prolonged fasting
- Those who are diabetic are advised that this would be a detrimental process to their health
- Stress can be created from a lack of food and water.
18
Q
Name 4 protein supplements
A
- Whey/whey isolates
- Soy Protein Isolate
- Milk Protein Isolate
- Wheat protein
19
Q
5 pros of protein supplements
A
Helps solve deficiency of protein
Allows dialysis patients to meet their high protein needs
Benefit athletes in repair of tissue damage
Efficient consumption
Maintain metabolic rate and help with weight loss
20
Q
5 cons of overconsumption of protein supplements
A
- Headaches
- Abdominal cramps
- Bloating
- Digestive problems
- Kidney and liver damage
21
Q
when is protein supplementation advised
A
- When diets lack protein e.g. vegetarian
- Aid weight loss
- Promote recovery – advised to consume within 30 mins of exercise
- Pregnancy – regular advice is to consume 0.8g/kg of bodyweight yet pregnant women should consume 1.2 – 1.7g/kg
22
Q
Define fat soluble vitamins
A
Fat-soluble vitamins are stored mainly in the liver and fatty tissues. They are not readily excreted from the body
23
Q
Define water soluble vitamins
A
Water-soluble vitamins travel in the blood and are stored in limited amounts. They are readily excreted from the body
24
6 Main sources of vitamin A
eggs
meat
cheese
milk
liver
kidney
25
Is vitamin a fat or water soluble
Fat
26
5 Roles of vitamin A
- Bone growth
- Reproduction
- Cell division
- Skin Health
- Regulating Immune system
27
4 vitamin A overconsumption risks
- Dry skin
- Hair loss
- Blurred vision
- Loss of appetite
28
5 Main sources of vitamin C
-Guava
broccoli
orange juice
tomatoes
spinach
29
5 roles of vitamin c
- Protection from free radicals
- Aids in the healing of wounds
- Promotes gum health
- Aids in the prevention of heart disease
- Helps prevent some forms of cancer
30
4 overconsumption risks of vitamin c
- Gastrointestinal discomfort
- Chewable tablet form may cause damage to teeth
- Increased risk of kidney stones
- Reduced absorption of B12 and copper
31
is vitamin c fat or water soluble
water
32
Define extreme diets
Restrictive diets that offer a quick fix and can involve eating one type of food group - the focus of overall health shifts to aesthetics
33
Name 2 extreme diets
Food combining diet
High protein diet
34
Food combining theory
Rules are - Do NOT combine starches and proteins at the same meal
-this diet is based on the fact that the enzymes used to breakdown these components tend to neutralise each other and inhibit digestion
Suggests that the poorly-digested food travels through digestive tract and causes blood to become acidic – increase change of disease
35
3 negatives of food combining
-Although promoted mainly for gut health, used for weight loss
-Makes it extremely difficult to eat out; impractical
-Based on unsound science
36
High protein diet theory
Satisfies hunger at a lower calorie intake (eat less but be full)
Body switches fuel sources when inadequate carbohydrate intake and storage sources, and uses fatty acids as energy (ketosis)
Usually high protein diets contain low or moderate carbohydrates; often termed ‘ketogenic’, although that is dependent on the fat intake
37
3 cons of high protein
Encourages reduction/restriction of carbohydrates and overconsumption of protein, which is usually animal based (saturates and cholesterol)
We already have low fibre intake in the UK, this would exacerbate it and cause gut issues
Can put excessive strain on the liver and kidneys
38
Liquid diet theory
-Main goal is for weight loss! Idea is usually that you replace a meal with a shake; some recommend having it instead of snacks so that you restrict kcal intake
-Usually mixed with water or milk, often either fruit based or milkshake
Can be - low carbohydrate, low fat, high protein OR carbohydrate-rich, moderate protein, low fat
39
3 Cons of liquid diet
Does not encourage lifestyle change and healthy eating
Often misused, leading to inappropriate replacement of whole foods and meals snacks
Compact form may lead to over-consumption of kilojoules and unwanted weight gain
Metabolic Considerations
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Decks in class (4)
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