What does APGAR stand for?
Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration
What is an APGAR score?
A simple, painless and effective check used by midwives and doctors to assess a newborns health
What gets 0 points in APGAR?
A- Blue, pale P- Absent G- Floppy A- Absent R- Absent
What gets 1 point in APGAR?
A- Pink body, blue extremities P- Below 100BPM G- Minimal response to stimulation A- Flexed arms and legs R- Slow and irregular
What gets 2 points in APGAR?
A- Pink P- Over 100BPM G- Prompt response to stimulation A- Active R- Vigorous cry
What 6 things are the baby’s skin checked for?
- birthmarks
- salmon patches (stork marks)
- mongolian spots
- infantile haemangiomas
- vernix
- lanugo
What are salmon patches?
Flat red/pink patches on eyelids, neck or forehead
What are mongolian spots?
Bluish patches or darker pigment, appearing mostly over the bottom and black skin. Can be mistaken for bruises
What is infantile haemangiomas?
Raised marks, usually red
What is vernix?
White waxy substance covering the skin whilst in the womb, natural moisturiser that protects skin from protection.
What is lanugo?
Soft, fine hair that covers the baby
What are the 9 physical checks?
- weight
- length
- head circumference
- fontanelle
- eyes
- mouth
- feet
- fingers
- hips
What are fontanelles?
Soft spots between the bones in the skull where the skull bones have not fused together yet.
What are the five reflexes?
- Sucking, touching roof of mouth
- Rooting, moving when lips or cheeks are touched looking for nipple
- Grasping, touching palm and waiting for baby to grab fingers
- Standing and walking, making walking motions when held upright on firm surface
- Startle, making fist with hands when hearing sudden/loud noise
When is a baby considered pre-term?
When born before 37 weeks of pregnancy
What is the role of father after baby is born?
- have time to bond with baby alongside mother
- to help and support the mother through difficult early days/weeks of motherhood
- take time to help mother care for herself
How can family and friends support new parents?
- offer to help with shopping
- sharing childcare tips
What are the 8 basic conditions needed for a child to thrive?
- love and security
- warmth
- rest/sleep
- exercise/fresh air
- cleanliness
- stimulation/opportunities to play
- opportunities for listening and talking
- routine
- protection from SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
What are the 4 acceptable patterns of behaviour and approaches to discipline?
- need for boundaries
- consideration of others
- safety
- promoting positive behaviour
How can good behaviour be rewarded? (7 answers)
- toys
- small snacks
- play dates/ days out
- pocket money
- sticker chart
- pick a film to watch
- verbal praise
How can a child be disciplined? (5 answers)
- naughty step
- time out
- go to room
- no television/screen time
- take away toy
