LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION

Question 1

● What does localisation of function mean?

Answer 1

Specific brain areas are responsible for specific functions

Question 2

● What area of the brain is responsible for voluntary movement?

Answer 2

Motor cortex

Question 3

● What area of the brain processes touch, pain, and temperature?

Answer 3

Somatosensory cortex

Question 4

● What cortex processes visual information?

Answer 4

Visual cortex

Question 5

● What cortex processes sound?

Answer 5

Auditory cortex

Question 6

● What area of the brain is involved in language production?

Answer 6

Broca’s area

Question 7

● What area of the brain is involved in language comprehension?

Answer 7

Wernicke’s area

Question 8

● In which hemisphere is Broca’s area located?

Answer 8

Left hemisphere

Question 9

● In which hemisphere is Wernicke’s area located?

Answer 9

Left hemisphere

Question 10

● What type of aphasia is associated with slow, non-fluent speech?

Answer 10

Broca’s aphasia

Question 11

▲ What might damage to the somatosensory cortex cause?

Answer 11

Failure to recognise objects by touch

Question 12

▲ What could damage to the visual cortex result in?

Answer 12

Blindness or hallucinations

Question 13

▲ What is contralateral wiring in the brain?

Answer 13

Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body

Question 14

▲ Which hemisphere is involved in recognising faces and creativity?

Answer 14

Right hemisphere

Question 15

▲ What does damage to the motor cortex lead to?

Answer 15

Loss of control over fine movements

Question 16

▲ What happens when Wernicke’s area is damaged?

Answer 16

Fluent but meaningless speech

Question 17

▲ Why might a person be unable to understand spoken language?

Answer 17

Damage to Wernicke’s area

Question 18

▲ How does the motor cortex control movement?

Answer 18

By generating voluntary motor movements

Question 19

▲ What does the somatosensory cortex process?

Answer 19

Sensory information from the skin

Question 20

▲ What area is responsible for analysing pitch and volume?

Answer 20

Auditory cortex

Question 21

✪ How does Broca’s case study of ‘Tan’ support localisation of function?

Answer 21

Damage to Broca’s area affected speech production, showing specific brain areas have specific functions

Question 22

✪ What does the case study of EB suggest about localisation of function?

Answer 22

That language may not be solely localised to the left hemisphere

Question 23

✪ How does Lashley’s research challenge localisation of function?

Answer 23

Learning required all areas of the cortex, not one specific area

Question 24

✪ Why does the holistic theory challenge localisation of function?

Answer 24

It suggests all brain areas work together to process information

Question 25

✪ What is a limitation of Broca’s and EB’s case studies when evaluating localisation?

Answer 25

They lack population validity

Question 26

✪ How might handedness challenge the assumption that Broca’s is always in the left hemisphere?

Answer 26

Some research suggests it is located in the dominant cerebral hemisphere

Question 27

✪ Why is it difficult to generalise from EB's recovery of language?

Answer 27

Brain damage may have affected function uniquely

Question 28

✪ What does Lashley’s removal of cortex in rats suggest about localisation?

Answer 28

No one area was more important in learning

Question 29

✪ How does the case of EB demonstrate brain plasticity?

Answer 29

Language ability was regained after removal of language centres

Question 30

✪ Why does Lashley’s rat research reduce the validity of localisation?

Answer 30

It shows a holistic explanation may be more appropriate

Question 31

● Which hemisphere controls language functions?

Answer 31

Left hemisphere

Question 32

● What brain area controls understanding of language?

Answer 32

Wernicke’s area

Question 33

● What is the job of the visual cortex?

Answer 33

Processes visual information

Question 34

● What is the function of the motor cortex?

Answer 34

Voluntary movements

Question 35

● What happens if Broca’s area is damaged?

Answer 35

Slow, effortful speech

Question 36

▲ What kind of speech results from Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 36

Slow, lacking fluency

Question 37

▲ What side of the body does the left hemisphere control?

Answer 37

Right side

Question 38

▲ What may occur if the auditory cortex is damaged?

Answer 38

Hearing loss

Question 39

▲ What symptom would suggest damage to the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 39

Problems perceiving touch

Question 40

✪ Why might Broca’s findings not apply to everyone?

Answer 40

Case studies are not generalisable

Question 41

✪ How does localisation theory gain validity from Broca’s research?

Answer 41

Specific damage caused a specific deficit (speech)

Question 42

✪ What does the holistic view suggest about language processing?

Answer 42

Multiple brain areas may be involved

Question 43

✪ How does damage to Broca’s area differ from Wernicke’s?

Answer 43

Broca’s affects speech production; Wernicke’s affects understanding

Question 44

✪ Why might the concept of localisation be oversimplified?

Answer 44

Evidence supports more distributed processing