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logic gates Flashcards

logic gates (75 cards)

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1
Q

Define logic gate.

A

A device that performs a basic operation on one or more binary inputs to produce a single output.

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2
Q

What is the output of an AND gate with both inputs true?

A

The output is true.

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3
Q

True or false: An OR gate outputs true only if both inputs are true.

A

FALSE

An OR gate outputs true if at least one input is true.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: A NOT gate inverts the _______ of its input.

A

value

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5
Q

What is a NAND gate?

A

A logic gate that outputs false only when all its inputs are true.

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6
Q

Define XOR gate.

A

A gate that outputs true if the number of true inputs is odd.

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7
Q

What does a NOR gate do?

A

It outputs true only when all inputs are false.

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8
Q

True or false: A buffer increases the signal strength.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What is the primary function of a flip-flop?

A

To store a single bit of data.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: A multiplexer selects one input from multiple _______.

A

inputs

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11
Q

What is a demultiplexer?

A

A device that takes a single input and channels it to one of several outputs.

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12
Q

Define combinational circuit.

A

A circuit where the output depends only on the current inputs.

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13
Q

What is a sequential circuit?

A

A circuit whose output depends on current inputs and past inputs.

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14
Q

True or false: Logic circuits can be built using only AND and NOT gates.

A

TRUE

This is known as functional completeness.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The truth table lists all possible input combinations and their _______.

A

outputs

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a truth table?

A

To systematically list the output for every possible input combination.

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17
Q

Define circuit diagram.

A

A graphical representation of an electrical circuit.

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18
Q

What does de Morgan’s theorem state?

A

It relates the AND and OR operations through negation.

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19
Q

True or false: XOR is a linear function.

A

FALSE

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: A logic level represents the _______ of a signal.

A

state

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21
Q

What is a half adder?

A

A circuit that adds two single binary digits and outputs a sum and carry.

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22
Q

Define full adder.

A

A circuit that adds three binary digits, producing a sum and carry.

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23
Q

What is the function of a decoder?

A

To convert binary information from encoded inputs to unique outputs.

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24
Q

True or false: A 7-segment display can show all decimal digits.

A

TRUE

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25
Fill in the blank: A **shift register** is used for _______ data storage.
serial
26
What is a **counter** in digital circuits?
A device that stores and counts pulses, typically in binary.
27
Define **logic circuit simulation**.
The process of using software to model and analyze the behavior of logic circuits.
28
What is a **programmable logic device (PLD)**?
A device used to build reconfigurable digital circuits.
29
True or false: **FPGA** stands for Field Programmable Gate Array.
TRUE
30
Fill in the blank: **ASIC** stands for Application Specific _______ Integrated Circuit.
Integrated
31
What is the role of **transistors** in logic circuits?
To act as switches or amplifiers for electronic signals.
32
Define **binary number system**.
A numeral system that uses two symbols, typically 0 and 1.
33
What is the significance of **Boolean algebra**?
It provides the mathematical framework for analyzing and simplifying logic circuits.
34
True or false: Logic gates can only operate on binary inputs.
TRUE
35
Fill in the blank: The **output** of a logic gate is determined by its _______.
inputs
36
What is a **logic family**?
A group of logic gates that share similar characteristics and performance.
37
Define **static logic**.
Logic circuits that maintain their state without needing continuous power.
38
What is **dynamic logic**?
Logic circuits that rely on temporary storage of charge to maintain state.
39
True or false: **TTL** stands for Transistor-Transistor Logic.
TRUE
40
Fill in the blank: **CMOS** stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide-______ Technology.
Semiconductor
41
What is a **logic analyzer**?
An instrument used to capture and display multiple signals from a digital circuit.
42
Define **fan-out** in logic circuits.
The number of inputs that a single output can drive.
43
What is the purpose of **pull-up resistors**?
To ensure a known logic level when no active device is driving the line.
44
True or false: **Propagation delay** is the time taken for a signal to travel through a gate.
TRUE
45
Fill in the blank: **Noise margin** is the difference between the actual signal and the _______ level.
threshold
46
What is a **logic circuit's reliability**?
The probability that a circuit performs its intended function without failure.
47
Define **fan-in**.
The number of inputs that a logic gate can accept.
48
What is the **output** of a NAND gate with one input false?
The output is true.
49
True or false: A **buffer** has no effect on the logic level.
FALSE ## Footnote A buffer strengthens the signal without changing the logic level.
50
Fill in the blank: A **logic circuit** can be implemented using _______ or software.
hardware
51
What is a **state machine**?
A model of computation representing states and transitions based on inputs.
52
Define **synchronous circuit**.
A circuit where changes in state occur at regular intervals based on a clock signal.
53
What is an **asynchronous circuit**?
A circuit that changes state based on input changes without a clock signal.
54
True or false: **Logic circuits** can be analyzed using truth tables.
TRUE
55
Fill in the blank: The **output** of an OR gate is true if at least one input is _______.
true
56
What does **logic synthesis** involve?
Transforming a high-level description of a circuit into a gate-level representation.
57
Define **hardware description language (HDL)**.
A specialized language used to describe the structure and behavior of electronic circuits.
58
What is the purpose of **simulation** in circuit design?
To verify the functionality and performance of a circuit before implementation.
59
True or false: A **logic circuit** can be both combinational and sequential.
TRUE
60
Fill in the blank: **Logic gates** are the building blocks of _______ circuits.
digital
61
What is a **truth value**?
The value assigned to a logical statement, typically true or false.
62
Define **digital signal**.
A signal that represents data as discrete values, typically in binary form.
63
What is an **analog signal**?
A continuous signal that varies over time and can take any value.
64
True or false: **Analog** circuits are more susceptible to noise than digital circuits.
TRUE
65
Fill in the blank: **Logic gates** can be combined to form _______ circuits.
complex
66
What is a **logic circuit's output**?
The result produced by the circuit based on its inputs.
67
Define **input** in the context of logic circuits.
A signal or data fed into a logic gate or circuit.
68
What is the role of **feedback** in sequential circuits?
To allow the circuit to remember past states and influence future outputs.
69
True or false: **Logic circuits** can only perform arithmetic operations.
FALSE ## Footnote Logic circuits can also perform logical operations.
70
Fill in the blank: A **logic circuit's design** must consider _______ and performance.
reliability
71
What is a **gate-level diagram**?
A schematic representation showing the arrangement of logic gates in a circuit.
72
Define **electronic circuit**.
A path through which electric current can flow, consisting of various components.
73
What is a **logic circuit's efficiency**?
The ratio of useful output to the total input in a circuit.
74
True or false: **Logic circuits** can be implemented using mechanical switches.
TRUE
75
Fill in the blank: **Integrated circuits** combine multiple _______ into a single chip.
components
logic gates and circuits
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