FRANCE 🇫🇷 > Loire > Flashcards

Loire Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Loire Valley?

A

located in central-western France, following the Loire River

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2
Q

What is the climate here?

A

Mostly maritime climate for regions near the Atlantic Coast, more continental moving inland (centre-Loire)

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3
Q

What are the soils in Sancerre?

A

3 major:

1.) Terres Blanches (Kimmeridgian)
2.) Caillottes (limestone fragments)
3.) Silex (Flint)

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4
Q

What are the soils you can found here?

A

variety of soils in different regions

Nantes: schist, granite, greenstone
Anjou: slate, sandstone, schist
Saumur: tuffeau limestone, clay
Touraine: tuffeau with sand, clay
Central: sand and pebbles
Upper Loire: volcanic soils

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5
Q

What are the general appellations of Loire Valley?

A

2 AOPs:

  1. Crémant de Loire AOP
  2. Rosé de Loire AOP
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6
Q

What is Crémant de Loire AOP?

A

BLANC / ROSÉ

METHODE TRADITIONNELLE

mostly Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Cab Franc, Pinot Noir

min aging 12 months (9 months on lees)

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7
Q

What is Rosé de Loire AOP?

A

STILL ROSÉ only
ANJOU-SAUMUR (mainly), TOURAINE

dry, max residual sugar 3g/L

made from Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Pinot Noir, Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis

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8
Q

What are the AOPs in Pays Nantais?

A

7 AOPs:

  1. Coteaux d’Ancenis AOP
  2. Fiefs Vendéens AOP
  3. Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOP
  4. Muscadet AOP
  5. Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP
  6. Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOP
  7. Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine AOP
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9
Q

What is Coteaux d’Ancenis AOP?

A

BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ
(in Pays Nantais)

blanc: 100% Pinot Gris (dry-sweet, 20-40 g/L)
rouge/rosé: Gamay with max 10% Cab Franc

usually famous for semi sweet white wines made from Malvoisie (Pinot Gris)

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10
Q

What is Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOP?

A

BLANC only
(in Pays Nantais)

min 70% Folle Blanche (Gros Plant) with Montils and max 10% Colombard

can have ‘Sur Lie’, min aging of 6 months at least till March 1st

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11
Q

What is Fiefs Vendéens AOP?

A

BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ
(in Pays Nantais)

has 5 subzones:

1.) Brem
2.) Chantonnay
3.) Mareuil
4.) Pissotte
5.) Vix

blanc: min 60% Chenin Blanc, with Chardonnay, Grolleau Gris, Sauv Blanc
rouge/rosé: min 50% Pinot Noir, with Cab Franc, Négrette, Gamay, Cab Sauv

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12
Q

What is Muscadet AOP?

A

BLANC only
(in Pays Nantais)

accounts 70% of all plantings in Pay Nantais

silt & sandy soils

made by Melon B (Melon de Bourgogne) with max 10% Chardonnay

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13
Q

What is Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine AOP?

A

BLANC only
(in Pays Nantais)

‘Sur Lie wine’ must be ‘Sur Lie’ until March 1 (6 months), must be bottled between March 1- Dec 31

made from 100% Melon B

Gabbro soils being the most famous (igneous rock)

7 subzones:
(if Muscadet coming from these 7 crus, have different lees aging months, cannot be labelled ”sur lie” due to lees aging already extended)

  1. Clisson (24 months)
  2. Gorges (24 months)
  3. Le Pallet (18 months)
  4. Goulaine (18 months)
  5. Mouzillon-Tillières (24 months)
  6. Monnières-Saint-Fiacre (24 months)
  7. Château-Thébaud (24 months)
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14
Q

What is Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP?

A

BLANC only
(in Pays Nantais)

100% made from Melon B

‘Sur Lie’ wines must be vintage dated, must be ‘Sur Lie’ until at least March 1 (6 months), may be bottled between March 1- Nov 30

granite soils, higher and cooler microclimate, producing delicate and tense wines

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15
Q

What is Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOP?

A

BLANC only
(in Pays Nantais)

100% made from Melon B

‘Sur Lie’ wines must be vintage dated, must be ‘Sur Lie’ until at least March 1 (6 months), may be bottled between March 1- Nov 30

warmer microclimate, producing richer wines

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16
Q

What are the AOPs in Anjou-Saumur?

A

17 AOPs:

  1. Anjou AOP
  2. Anjou-Villages AOP
  3. Anjou Villages Brissac AOP
  4. Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire AOP
  5. Bonnezeaux AOP
  6. Cabernet d’Anjou AOP
  7. Coteaux de l’Aubance AOP
  8. Coteaux du Layon AOP
  9. Coteaux de Saumur AOP
  10. Coulée de Serrant AOP
  11. Haut-Poitou AOP
  12. Quarts de Chaume AOP
  13. Rosé d’Anjou AOP
  14. Saumur AOP
  15. Saumur-Champigny AOP
  16. Savennières AOP
  17. Savennières Roche Aux Moines AOP
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17
Q

What so special about Anjou-Saumur region? And what are the rivers you can find here?

A

It is country’s second largest Rosé production after Provence.

The Loire is the main river with Layon and Aubance tributaries contributing to the climate making sweet wines.

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18
Q

What is Anjou AOP?

A

BLANC / ROUGE / SPARKLING (blanc & rosé)

blanc: Chenin Blanc dominant
rouge: Cab Franc & Sauv
sparkling: Traditional Method (Chenin Blanc and Cab Franc)

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19
Q

What is Rosé d’Anjou AOP?

A

STILL ROSÉ only
(in Anjou-Saumur)

less sweet, min residual sugar 7g/L

made from predominantly Grolleau with Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis

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20
Q

What is Cabernet d’Anjou AOP?

A

STILL ROSÉ only
(in Anjou-Saumur)

medium-sweet, min residual sugar 10g/L (sweetest rosé among all)

made from Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon

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21
Q

What is Coteaux du Layon AOP?

A

BLANC SWEET only
(in Anjou-Saumur)

100% made from Chenin Blanc

can have SGN style

Chaptalization not allowed for Chaume 1er Cru & SGN wines

min residual sugar 34g/L, (with other village designation: 51g/L)

has 13 communes

covers all 8 appellations (village):

  1. Coteaux du Layon AOP
  2. CDL Faye d’Anjou AOP (Faye)
  3. CDL Rochefort-sur-Loire AOP (Rochefort)
  4. CDL Rablay-sur-Layon AOP (Rablay)
  5. CDL Beaulieu-sur-Layon AOP (Beaulieu)
  6. CDL St. Aubin de Luigne AOP (St. Aubin)
  7. CDL St. Lambert du Lattay AOP (St. Lambert)
  8. Chaume AOP (Premier Cru)
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22
Q

What is so special about Coteaux du Layon 1er Cru Chaume AOP?

A

more stringent productions standards, no chaptalization allowed, min residual sugar 80g/L (68g/L prior to 2011)

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23
Q

What is Quarts de Chaume AOP?

A

BLANC SWEET only
(in Anjou-Saumur)
effected by passerillage or Botryris (no Chaptalization)

100% made from Chenin Blanc

min residual sugar 85g/L (slight sweeter than 1er Cru Chaumes), 34g/L prior to 2011

max yield: 20 hl/ha (25 hl/ha prior to 2011)

Grand Cru may be added to label prior 2010 harvest (the only “Grand Cru” in Loire)

sandstone with schist

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24
Q

What is Bonnezeaux AOP?

A

BLANC SWEET only
(in Anjour-Saumur)

affected by passerillage or Botryris (chaptalization allowed)

100% made from Chenin Blanc

min residual sugar 51g/L

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25
What is *Savennières AOP*?
BLANC only, from dry - sweet (in Anjou-Saumur) 100% made from Chenin Blanc (no Chaptalization) Sec: max **4g/L** Demi-Sec: max **18g/L** Moelleux: **18-45g/L** Doux: more than **45g/L** soils: steep slopes of blue schist with volcanic rocks
26
What is *Coulée de Serrant AOP*?
BLANC only, from dry - sweet (in Savennières) 100% made from Chenin Blanc min residual sugar: Sec (max **4g/L**), Moelleux/Doux (min **30 g/L**) no **Chaptalization** monopole owned by **Nicolas Joly** (7ha) divided into 3 sections: 1. Grand Clos de la Coulée 2. Clos du Château 3. Les Plantes received AOC in 2011
27
What is *Savennières Roche Aux Moines AOP*?
BLANC only, from dry - sweet (in Savennières) 100% made from Chenin Blanc min residual sugar: Sec (max **4g/L**), Moelleux/Doux (min **30 g/L**) no **Chaptalization** shared among few producers (*Nicolas Joly* owned part of it) received AOC in 2011
28
What is *Saumur AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / SPARKLING (blanc/rosé) blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc rouge: Cab Franc, plus max 30% Cab Sauv and Pineau d’Aunis sparkling: Traditional method (min aged 9 months on lees) *Saumur “Puy Notre-Dame”*: rouge only (Cab Franc and Cab Sauv) has 1 subzone: 1. Puy Notre-Dame
29
What is *Saumur-Champigny AOP*?
ROUGE only (in Anjou-Saumur) Cab Franc (dominant), max 15% combined Cab Sauv and Pineau d’Aunis warmer temperature, with clay and tuffeau in soils ##footnote *Clos Rougeard* is based here (100% Cab Franc)
30
What is *Haut-Poitou AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Anjou-Saumur) blanc: min 60% Sauv Blanc plus Sauv Gris rouge: min 60% Cab Franc, Gamay, Merlot, Pinot Noir rosé: min 40% Cab Franc, min 20% Gamay, min 20% Pinot Noir ##footnote the only AOP in *Anjou-Saumur* region known for Sauv Blanc (with higher altitudes)
31
What is *Coteaux de l’Aubance AOP*?
BLANC SWEET only (in Anjou-Saumur) made from 100% Chenin Blanc (**238 g/L** must weight) can have *SGN style*: **323 g/L** must weight no **chaptalization** min residual sugar **34g/L** min alcohol 14% abv
32
What is *Coteaux de Saumur AOP*?
BLANC SWEET only (in Anjou-Saumur) made from 100% Chenin Blanc min must weight **238g/L** (affected by either botrytis or passerillage) min residual sugar **34g/L** no **chaptalization** min alcohol 15% abv
33
Wha is *Anjou Villages Brissac AOP*?
ROUGE only (in Anjou-Saumur) dominantly Cab Franc with Cab Sauv two principle soils: 1. **Anjou Noir** (dark schist) 2. **Anjou Blanc** (limestone) ##footnote this AOP shares the same communes as *Coteaux de l’Aubance*, so red wines are under here, blanc sweet is under “Coteaux de l’Aubance”
34
What are the AOPs in *Touraine*?
13 AOPs: 1. Touraine AOP 2. Touraine Noble-Joué AOP 3. Chinon AOP 4. Bourgueil AOP 5. Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOP 6. Vouvray AOP 7. Montlouis-sur-Loire AOP 8. Cheverny AOP 9. Cour-Cheverny AOP 10. Jasnières AOP 11. Coteaux du Loir AOP 12. Coteaux du Vendômois AOP 13. Valençay AOP 14. Orléans AOP (?) 15. Orléans-Cléry AOP (?)
35
What is *Touraine AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (STILL/SPARKLING) has 5 subzones: 1.) **Amboise** BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc rouge/rose: Cot dominant (rosé with Gamay) 2.) **Mesland** BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ blanc: min 60% Chenin Blanc, with Sauv Blanc & Chardonnay rouge/rosé: Gamay dominant, with Cot & Cab Franc 3.) **Azay-le-Rideau** BLANC / ROSÉ blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc rosé: min 60% Grolleau, with Cot, Gamay, Cab Franc & Cab Sauv 4.) **Oisly** BLANC only (100% Sauv Blanc) 5.) **Chenonceaux** BLANC / ROUGE blanc: 100% Sauv Blanc rouge: min 50% Cot, with Cab Franc
36
What is *Bourgueil AOP*?
ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Touraine) made mostly Cab Franc with max 10% Cab Sauv chalky clay soils
37
What is *Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOP*?
ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Touraine) made mostly Cab Franc with max 10% Cab Sauv hilly plateau of alluvial soils, by the river of gravel-silt, resulting lighter style than *Bourgueil*
38
What is *Chinon AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Touraine) largest red wine appellation in *Loire* blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc rouge/rosé: Cab Franc, plus max 10% Cab Sauv river: **Vienne River** principle soils: **varennes** (alluvial sand), **tuffeau** (soft limestone), clay
39
What is *Vouvray AOP*?
BLANC only (still/sparkling) from dry - sweet (in Touraine) mostly Chenin Blanc, plus max 5% Orbois **Sec** = dry **Demi-Sec** = off-dry **Moelleux** = sweet (from late-harvested grapes, often affected by botrytis or passerillage) **Doux** = very sweet (rare, richer than moelleux) sparkling: Traditional method (min 12 months after tirage) soils: **Perruche** (mix of clay-flint), tuffeau limestone is the most important part of the soils
40
What is *Montlouis-sur-Loire AOP*?
BLANC only (STILL / SPARKLING) from dry - sweet (in Touraine) 100% made from Chenin Blanc sparkling: Traditional or Ancestral Method (must be disgorged, no dosage is permitted, hand-harvested, vintage dated) ##footnote **Domaine de la Taille Aux Loups** based here
41
What is *Cheverny AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Touraine) blanc: Sauv Blanc dominant with Sauv Gris, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Orbois rouge/rosé: Pinot Noir dominant with Gamay & Côt
42
What is *Cour-Cheverny AOP*?
BLANC only, from dry - sweet (in Touraine) 100% Romorantin sec: max **4g/L** (if 13.5% abv: **6g/L**) Moelleux: **20-45g/L**
43
What is *Jasnieres AOP*?
BLANC only (in Touraine) 100% made from Chenin Blanc
44
What is *Touraine Noble-Joué AOP*?
STILL ROSÉ only (in Touraine) known locally as *Vin Gris* min 40% Meunier, with min 20% Pinot Gris & min 10% Pinot Noir
45
What is *Coteaux du Vendômois AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Touraine) blanc: Chenin Blanc, with max 20% Chardonnay rouge: min 50% Pineau d’Aunis, with Gamay, Pinot Noir, Cab Franc rosé: 100% Pineau d’Aunis
46
What is *Valençay AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Touraine) blanc: mostly Sauvignon Blanc rouge/rosé: Gamay dominant, plus Pinot Noir and Cot
47
What is *Coteaux du Loir AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Touraine) blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc rouge/rosé: min 65% Pineau d’Aunis, with Cab Franc, Gamay, Cot, Grolleau
48
What are the AOPs in *Central Vineyard*?
10 AOPs: 1. Orléans AOP (?) 2. Orléans-Cléry AOP (?) 3. Sancerre AOP 4. Pouilly-Fumé AOP 5. Pouilly-sur-Loire AOP 6. Menetou-Salon AOP 7. Quincy AOP 8. Reuilly AOP 9. Coteaux du Giennois AOP 10. Châteaumeillant AOP
49
What is *Orléans AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central Vineyards / Touraine?) blanc: Chardonnay with Pinot Gris rosé: Pinot Meunier with Gris and Noir rouge: Pinot Meunier with Noir
50
What is *Orléans-Cléry AOP*?
ROUGE only (in Central Vineyards / Touraine?) 100% made from Cab Franc
51
What is *Sancerre AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central Vineyards) blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc rouge/rosé: 100% Pinot Noir (Saignee method) soils: Terres Blanche, Caillottes, Silex ##footnote famous sites: **Chavignol**, **Les Monts Damnés**
52
What is *Pouilly-Fumé AOP*
BLANC only (in Central Vineyards) 100% Sauvignon Blanc has 7 communes: 1.) **Pouilly-sur-Loire** 2.) **Saint-Andelain** (Didier Dagueneau) 3.) Garchy 4.) Mesves-sur-Loire 5.) Saint-Laurent-l’Abbaye 6.) Saint-Martin-sur-Nohain 7.) Tracy-sur-Loire similar soils to *Sancerre* but earlier ripening, wines tend to be fruitier than *Sancerre*
53
What is *Pouilly-sur-Loire AOP*?
BLANC only (in Central Vineyards) 100% made from **Chasselas** located in *Pouilly-Fume*, is both a commune and an AOP
54
What is *Menetou-Salon AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central Vineyards) blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc rouge/rosé: 100% Pinot Noir
55
What is *Quincy AOP*?
BLANC only (in Central Vineyards) mostly made from Sauvignon Blanc, plus max 10% Sauvignon Gris sandy soils ##footnote *Quincy AOP* also the first in *Loire* to receive appellation
56
What is *Reuilly AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central Vineyards) blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc rosé: Pinot Noir and Gris rouge: 100% Pinot Noir
57
What is *Châteaumeillant AOP*?
ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central Vineyard) majority Gamay plus Pinot Noir
58
What is *Coteaux du Giennois AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central Vineyards) blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc rouge/rosé: Pinot Noir & Gamay ##footnote two more ‘Coteaux’: (both are still IGP) 1.) Coteaux de la Charite (Chardonnay & Pinot Gris) 2.) Coteaux de Tannay (Chardonnay & Pinot Blanc)
59
What are the synonyms of grape varieties?
1.) **Sauvignon Blanc**: Blanc Fumé 2.) **Malbec**: Côt 3.) **Cab Franc**: Breton 4.) **Gros Plant**: Folle Blanche 5.) **Pinot Gris**: Malvoisie 6.) **Chenin Blanc**: Pineau de La Loire 7.) **Melon de Bourgogne**: Muscadet
60
What are the AOPs in *Central France*?
4 AOPs: 1. Côtes d’Auvergne AOP 2. Côtes du Forez AOP 3. Côte Roannaise AOP 4. Saint-Pourçain AOP
61
What is *Côtes d’Auvergne AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central France) blanc: 100% Chardonnay rouge/rosé: min 50% Gamay plus Pinot Noir river: **Allier River** flows through *Côtes d’Auvergne* & *Saint-Pourçain*
62
What is *Côtes du Forez AOP*?
ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central France) 100% made from Gamay
63
What is *Côte Roannaise AOP*?
ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central France) 100% made from Gamay
64
What is *Saint-Pourçain AOP*?
BLANC / ROUGE / ROSÉ (in Central France) blanc: mostly Chardonnay, plus **Sacy** rosé: 100% Gamay rouge: 40-75% Gamay, plus Pinot Noir
65
How many AOPs currently in *Loire Valley*?
53 AOPs *Loire* was given AOP status in *1936* together with **Quincy AOP** being the first to receive
66
What are the *Didier Dagueneau* wines?
1.) **Pur Sang** - flagship wines, powerful, textured and age-worthy 2.) **Silex** - highly mineral and intense, from flint soils 3.) **Buisson Renard** - elegant, aromatic expression from clay soils 4.) **Blanc etc.** - modern, refined white that blends from multiple sites 5.) **Asteroides** - rare bottling from ungrafted vines, very limited 6.) **Clos Calvaire** - special Cuvée 7.) **Les Jardins de Babylone** - dry-sweets wines made from Petit Manseng (Jurançon region) 8.) **En Chailloux** - an early single-parcel Cuvée 9.) **Pouilly Fumé/Blanc Fumé de Pouilly** - more generic appellation 10.) **Les Monts Damnés** - *Sancerre* region
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