1
Q
course of the ACL
A
Lateral femoral condyle to anterior tibia
2
Q
course of the PCL
A
Medial femoral condyle to posterior tibia
3
Q
Valgus deformity
A
Distal bone in joint moves away from midline “knock kneed”
4
Q
Varus deformity
A
Distal bone in joint moves toward midline “bow-legged”
5
Q
course of MCL
A
Medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia
6
Q
course of LCL
A
Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
7
Q
where do the menisci sit
A
Between the tibia and femoral condyles
8
Q
most commonly injured knee ligament
A
ACL
9
Q
tests for ACL injury
A
anterior drawer test, Lachman test
10
Q
dashboard injury
A
PCL
11
Q
test for PCL injury
A
posterior drawer test
12
Q
valgus stress causes
A
MCL injury
13
Q
varus stress causes
A
LCL injury
14
Q
components of unhappy triad
A
ACL injury, MCL injury, medial meniscus tear
15
Q
cause of unhappy triad
A
Force applied to knee with foot planted (force pushing toward midline)
16
Q
test for meniscus tear
A
McMurray test
17
Q
insertion of patellar tendon
A
tibial tuberosity
18
Q
sign of a patellar fracture
A
cannot extend knee against gravity
19
Q
major flexors of hip joint
A
iliopsoas, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, pectinius
20
Q
major extensors of hip joint
A
gluteus maximus, hamstrings
21
Q
muscles of hamstrings
A
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
22
Q
function of hamstrings
A
extend hip, flex knee, rotate hip
23
Q
hip abductors
A
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
24
Q
hip adductors
A
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis
25
deep muscles of hip external rotation
piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus superior/inferior, obturator externus, quadratus femoris
26
contributing muscles of hip internal rotation
gluteus medius/minimus, tensor fasciae latae, adductor longus/brevis, pectineus
27
superior gluteal nerve innervates
gluteus minimus/medius, tensor fasciae latae
28
origin of superior gluteal nerve
sacral plexus, L4-S1
29
Trendelenburg's sign
damage to superior gluteal nerve
30
Inferior gluteal nerve innervates
Gluteus maximus
31
damage to inferior gluteal nerve results in
weakness of hip extension
32
major blood supply to femoral neck
medial circumflex femoral artery
33
Obturator nerve innervates
thigh adductors/obturator externus, skin of medial thigh
34
course of obturator nerve
through posterior pelvis
35
origin of femoral nerve
nerve roots L2-L4
36
femoral nerve innervates
anterior compartment of thigh
37
branches of femoral nerve
anterior cutaneous, saphenous
38
anterior cutaneous nerve innervates
skin of anteromedial thigh
39
saphenous nerve innervates
skin on medial leg and foot
40
absent patellar reflex is a sign of
femoral nerve damage
41
origin of sciatic nerve
L4-S3
42
what is the largest nerve in the body
sciatic nerve
43
branches of sciatic nerve
common peroneal (aka common fibular), tibial
44
branches of common peroneal nerve
superficial and deep
45
common peroneal nerve innervates
short head of the biceps femoris
46
superficial fibular nerve innervates
muscles of lateral lower leg, fibularis longus/brevis, foot eversion muscles
47
deep fibular nerve innervates
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, intrinsic muscles of foot
48
deep fibular nerve functions
dorsiflexion, toe extension
49
common peroneal nerve innervates (sensory)
lateral shin and dorsum of foot
50
course of common peroneal nerve
wraps around fibula
51
common symptom of peroneal nerve injury
foot drop
52
course of tibial nerve
down the leg, posterior to tibia, at foot travels through tarsal tunnel under medial malleolus
53
tibial nerve innervates
posterior leg muscles, sensory to heel/toe
54
actions of muscles supplied by tibial nerve
plantarflexion, toe flexion, inversion
55
sciatic nerve innervates
muscles of posterior thigh, and its branches innervate muscles of leg and foot
56
injury that can cause sciatic nerve damage
posterior hip dislocation
57
Most common radiculopathy occurs at
spinal root L5
58
What terminal branch is most affected by L5 radiculopathy?
Common peroneal nerve
59
What terminal branch is most affected by S1 radiculopathy?
Tibial
60
what terminal branch is most affected by L2/L3/L4 radiculopathy?
Femoral
61
test for lumbar radiculopathy
straight leg raise test
62
Innvervation of gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
63
Blood supply of gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal artery
64
Action of gluteus maximus
thigh extension/external rotation
65
innvervation of gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
66
blood supply of gluteus medius
superior gluteal artery
67
action of gluteus medius
hip abduction, thigh internal rotation
68
innervation of gluteus minimus
superior gluteal nerve
69
blood supply of gluteus minimus
superior gluteal artery
70
action of gluteus minimus
hip abduction, thigh internal rotation
71
innvervation of tensor fasciae latae
superior gluteal nerve
72
action of tensor fasciae latae at the hip
internal rotation and weak abduction
73
action of tensor fasciae latae at the knee
external rotation, weak flexion/extension
74
3 major ligaments of the hip
iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
75
hip ligament that prevents excessive abduction
pubofemoral
76
ankle joint is most stable in dorsiflexion or plantarflexion
dorsiflexion
77
medial ankle ligament
deltoid
78
lateral ankle ligaments
anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular
79
classic mechanism of ankle sprain
inversion on a plantarflexed foot
80
ankle ligament most at risk of sprain
anterior talofibular
81
subtalar joint location
between inferior surface of talus and superior surface of calcaneus
82
subtalar joint function
inversion/eversion
83
2 functional groups of muscles in the gluteal region
superficial abductors/extensors, deep external rotators
84
muscles of the deep external rotators group from superior to inferior
piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obterator externus, quadratus femoris
85
innveration of mucles of deep external rotators group
nerves named after the muscles they innervate except for the gemellus superior (obturator internus) and gemellus inferior (quadratus femoris)
86
what structures run above and below piriformis?
superior and inferior neurovascular bundles
87
anterior thigh muscles function
extend the leg at the knee
88
innervation of anterior thigh muscles
femoral nerve
89
blood supply of anterior thigh muscles
branches of femoral and deep femoral arteries
90
medial thigh muscles function
adduct the thigh at the hip
91
medial thigh muscles innervation
obturator nerve
92
medial thigh muscles blood supply
branches of deep femoral and obturator arteries
93
posterior thigh muscles function
flex leg at knee, extend thigh at hip
94
posterior thigh muscles innervation
sciatic nerve
95
posterior thigh muscles blood supply
perforating branches of deep femoral artery
96
muscles of anterior compartment of thigh
iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps
97
muscles of quadriceps
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
98
muscles of medial compartment of thigh
Pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus
99
muscles of posterior compartment of thigh
hamstrings
100
exception of innervation in posterior compartment
short head of biceps femoris is innervated by common fibular nerve, the rest are tibial
101
functions of leg anterior compartment
dorsiflexion, inversion, toe extension
102
innervation of anterior leg compartment
deep fibular nerve
103
blood supply of anterior leg compartment
branches of anterior tibial artery
104
lateral leg compartment functions
plantarflexion, eversion
105
lateral leg compartment innervation
superficial fibular nerve
106
lateral leg compartment blood supply
branches of the fibular artery
107
posterior leg compartment functions
plantarflexion, inversion, toe flexion
108
posterior leg compartment innervation
tibial nerve
109
posterior leg compartment blood supply
posterior tibial artery
110
muscles of anterior leg compartment
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
111
muscles of lateral leg compartment
fibularis longus/brevis
112
muscles of the posterior leg compartment
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
113
"true" ankle joint
talocrural
114
deltoid ligament has how many parts
4
115
origin of inferior gluteal nerve
Sacral plexus (L5-S2)
116
lumbar plexus arises from
anterior rami of L1-L4
117
sacral plexus arises from
anterior rami of S1-S4
118
lateral cutaneous nerve arises from
lumbar plexus (L2, L3)
119
femoral nerve arises from
lumbar plexus (L2-L4)
120
obturator nerve arises from
lumbar plexus (L2-L4)
121
superior gluteal nerve arises from
sacral plexus (L4-S1)
122
sciatic nerve arises from
sacral plexus (L4-S3)
123
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve arises from
sacral plexus (S1-S3)
124
damage to femoral nerve deficits (motor)
extension of knee, flexion of hip
125
damage to femoral nerve deficits (sensory)
anterior thigh and medial knee, leg and foot
126
damage to obturator nerve deficits (motor)
adduction and external rotation of thigh
127
damage to obturator nerve deficits (sensory)
defined area of medial thigh
128
damage to superior gluteal nerve deficits (motor)
abduction of thigh/lateral flexion of trunk on fixed limb, trendelenburg gait
129
damage to superior gluteal nerve deficits (sensory)
none
130
damage to tibial nerve deficits (motor)
plantarflexion, flexion of toes, inversion
131
damage to tibial nerve deficits (sensory)
posterolateral leg to lateral malleolus, sole and lateral side of foot
132
damage to superficial fibular nerve (motor)
eversion, plantarflexion
133
damage to superficial fibular nerve (sensory)
lateral shin and dorsum of foot
134
damage to deep fibular nerve (motor)
inversion, dorsiflexion, extension of toes
135
damage to deep fibular nerve (sensory)
skin between first and second toes
136
femoral artery arises from
external iliac artery
137
border differentiating external iliac artery from femoral artery
inguinal ligament (enters femoral triangle)
138
branches of deep femoral artery
perforating branches, lateral circumflex femoral, medial circumflex femoral
139
deep femoral artery arises in
the femoral triangle
140
perforating branches of the deep femoral artery supply the
medial and posterior muscles of thigh
141
lateral circumflex femoral artery supplies
some lateral thigh muscles
142
course of femoral artery down thigh
anterior thigh through adductor canal, then passes through adductor hiatus to go into the posterior comaprtment and become the popliteal artery
143
branches of the popliteal artery that supply the knee joint
genicular
144
how does popliteal artery terminate
gives rise to posterior and anterior tibial branches
145
course of posterior tibial artery
gives off fibular branch then continues into sole of foot behind medial malleolus
146
course of anterior tibial artery
passes anteriorly between tibia and fibula through a gap in the interosseous membrane, then goes into foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis
147
gluteal arteries arise from
internal iliac artery
148
gluteal arteries enter gluteal region through
greater sciatic foramen
149
collateral circulation at hip joint
medial and lateral circumflex femoral, branch of obturator
150
collateral circulation at knee joint
descending genicular, a branch of deep femoral, descending lateral femoral circumflex, anterior tibial recurrent, anterior tibial
151
vascular supply of ankle joint
malleolar and tarsal arteries
152
causes of compartment syndrome
trauma, overexercise, revascularization, burns
153
classic symptom of compartment syndrome
pain out of proportion with injury that is aggravated by passive stretch
154
early sign of compartment syndrome
sensory loss in distribution of the affected nerves
Clinical Morphology
flashcards
Decks in class (18)
# Cards
-
Upper Extremity137
-
Embryology45
-
Lab Practical 10
-
Lower Extremity154
-
ANS33
-
Thoracic cavity131
-
Cardiopulmonary Embryology54
-
Abdomen198
-
GI Embryology56
-
Pelvis133
-
Pelvic embryology71
-
Cranial Cavity and Contents63
-
Cranial Nerves108
-
Neck48
-
Deep Face139
-
Craniofacial Embryology104
-
Extraocular Muscles28
-
Eye and Ear31
