Human anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Lower limb

A

-articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle
-consists of gluteal, thigh, knee, leg, ankle, and foot regions

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2
Q

femur

A

-longest bone in the body
-articulates with acetabulum and tibia

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3
Q

greater trochanter

A

-part of femur
-attachment for glute muscles, piriformis, and vastis lateralis

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4
Q

lesser trochanter

A

-part of femur
-attachment for psoas major and iliacus

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5
Q

intertrochanteric crest

A

attachment for quadratus femoris

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6
Q

intertrochanteric line

A

attaches vastus intermedius and vastus medialis

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7
Q

gluteal tuberosity

A

attach glute maximus

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8
Q

linea aspera

A

attaches vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, adductor muscles, and bicep femoris

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9
Q

medial and laterl condyles

A

articulate with tibia

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10
Q

medial epicondyle

A

attaches medial collateral ligament of knee, adductor magnus via adductor tubercle, and gastrocnemius

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11
Q

lateral epicondyle

A

attaches lateral collateral ligament of knee joint and patellar surface

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12
Q

patella

A

-kneecap
-articulate with femur
-sesamoid bone (within a tendon)
-protects knee joint and acts as a lever

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13
Q

patella parts

A

-apex
-base
-medial and lateral articular surfaces

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14
Q

Tibia

A

-shinbone

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15
Q

lateral condyle of tibia

A

articulate with femur

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16
Q

fibular articular facet

A

articulates w head of fibula forming superior tibiofibular joint

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17
Q

tibial tuberosity

A

attaches patellar ligament

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18
Q

shaft of tibia

A

contains anterior border and crest

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19
Q

fibular notch of tibia

A

articulates with fibula forming inferior tibiofibular joint

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20
Q

medial malleolus

A

part of ankle joint

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21
Q

head of fibula

A

articulates with lateral condyle of tibia

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22
Q

lateral malleolus of fibula

A

part of ankle joint

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23
Q

tarsals

A

articulate with tibia and fibula and metatarsals

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24
Q

tarsals

A

talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform

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25
calcaneous
attaches achilles tendon
26
metatarsals
articulate with tarsals and phalanges, heads from the ball of the foot
27
phalanges
-2-5 have a proximal, middle, and distal phalanx and 1st digit has proximal and distal phalanx -articulate w metatarsals
27
functions of three arches in the foot
-shock absorption -supported by interlocking tarsal bones, strong ligaments, and pull of tendons
27
3 arches in the foot
-medial longitudinal arch -lateral longitudinal arch -transverse arch
28
medial longitudinal arch
high arch produced by the talus at the talonavicular joint
29
lateral longitudinal arch
low arch mostly produced by the cuboid
30
transverse arch
follows tarsometatarsal joints
31
superficial fascia
-deep to the skin -loose connective tissue, adipose, superficial veins, lymphatic vessels, and cutaneous nerves
32
deep fascia
-strong -envelopes muscles to improve muscle contraction -aids in venous blood flow return to heart
33
fascia lata
thigh
34
crural fascia
leg (continuous with fascia lata)
35
saphenous opening of fascia lata
allow great saphenous vein to drain into femoral veini
36
iliotibial tract (band)
-lateral thickening of the tensor fascia that runs from ilium to tibia -shared distal tendon of tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus
37
fascial intermuscular septa
project internally to attach bone to create rigid compartments of the thigh and leg
38
anterior thigh muscles
iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus
39
iliacus and psoas major
-flex thigh or trunk -innervated by femoral nerve
40
sartorius
-flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh -innervated by femoral nerve
41
pectineus
-adducts thigh -innervated by femoral nerve
42
Quadriceps femoris
-rectus femoris -vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius -extends leg -innervated by femoral nerve
43
medial thigh muscles
-adductors -gracilis -obturator externus
44
adductors
-adductor brevis, longus, and magnus -adducts the thigh -innervated by obturator nerve
45
gracilis
-adducts thigh -innervated by obturator nerve
46
obturator externus
-laterally rotates thigh -innervated by obturator nerve
47
femoral triangle
-contain important neurovascular structures -include femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and lymphatics
48
boundaries of femoral triangle
-lateral: sartorius -medial: adductor longus -superior: inguinal ligament -inferior: iliopsoas and pectineus
49
adductor canal
-begins at apex of femoral triangle -an intermuscular pathway for femoral artery and vein
50
boundaries of adductor canal
-posteromedial: adductor longus and magnus -anterior: sartorius -lateral: vastus medialis
51
gluteal region muscles
-gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus -tensor fascia lata
52
gluteus maximus
-extends thigh -innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
53
gluteus medius and minimus
-abducts and medially rotates thigh -innervated by superior gluteal nerves
54
tensor fascia lata
-tenses iliotibial tract along with gluteus maximus -innervated by superior gluteal nerve
55
piriformis
-laterally rotates thigh =innervated by nerve to the piriformis
56
obturator internus
-laterally rotates thigh -innervated by nerve to obturator internus
57
superior gamellus
-laterally rotate thigh -innervated by nerve to obturator internus
58
inferior gamellus
-laterally rotate thigh -innervated by nerve to quadratus femoris
59
sciatic nerve exits the pelvis
inferior to the piriformis
60
gluteal bursae
-flattened membranous sacs containing a capillary layer that produces synovial fluid -separates gluteal regional muscles from adjacent structures to reduce friction
61
posterior thigh muscles
-bicep femoris -semitendinosus -semimembranosus
62
bicep femoris
-extends thigh and flexes leg -long and short head -innervated by sciatic nerve
63
semitendenosus
-extends thigh and flexes leg -innervated by sciatic nerve
64
semimembranosus
-extends thigh and flexes leg -innervated by sciatic nerve
65
anterior leg muscles
-tibialis anterior -extensor digitorum longus -extensor hallucis longus -fibularis longus -fibularis brevis
66
tibialis anterior
-dorsiflexes foot -innervated by deep fibular nerve
67
extensor digitorum longus
-extends 2-5 digits -innervated by deep fibular nerve
68
extensor hallucis longus
-extends big toe -innervated by deep fibular nerve
69
fibularis longus
-plantar flexes and everts foot -innervated by superficial fibular nerve
70
fibularis brevis
-plantar flexes -innervated by superficial fibular nerve
71
extensor retinacula
thickenings of the crural fascia that binds down the extensor tendons
72
fibular retinacula
thickenings of crural fascia that bind down the fibularis tendons as they pass posterior to the lateral malleolus
73
superficial lateral leg muscles
-gastrocnemius -soleus -plantaris
74
gastrocnemius
-plantar flexes foot -innervated by tibial nerve
75
soleus
-plantar flexes foot -innervated by tibial nerve
76
plantaris
-plantar flexes foot -innervated by tibial nerve
77
tricep surae
gastrocnemius and soleus
78
deep posterior leg muscles
-popliteus -tibialis posterior -flexor digitorum longus -flexor hallucis longus
79
popliteus
-unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia -innervated by tibial nerve
80
tibialis posterior
-plantar flexes and inverts foot -innervated by tibial nerve
81
flexor digitorum longus
-plantar flexes and inverts foot -flex 2-5 digit -innervated by tibial nerve
82
flexor hallucis longus
-plantar flex and invert foot -flex big toe -innervated by tibial nerve
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