Lower Limb 2

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the popliteal artery as it enters the leg?

Answer 1

1. Anterior tibial artery 2. Posterior tibial artery

Question 2

What kind of joint is the talonavicular joint and what movement does it allow

Answer 2

Is a ball and socket joint which allows the foot to pivot from side to side.

Question 3

Which nerve and vessel accompany these 3 muscle tendons through the ‘door to the foot’?

Answer 3

1. Medial and lateral plantar nerve
2. Medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 4

Cover and say

Answer 4

Question 5

Which branch innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 5

deepfibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 6

When is the malleolar grip strongest

Answer 6

during dorsiflexion movement of the ankle joint

Question 7

The other movements of the ankle occur at the subtalar(below the talus) joints - what are these

Answer 7

eversion and inversion

Question 8

What is 1,2,3,4

Answer 8

1. Tibiasanterior
2. Extensor digitorumlongus
3. Extensor Hallicuslongus
4. Fibularis Tertius – this is a small muscle found at the distal aspect of the leg

Question 9

Cover and say

Answer 9

Question 10

What are 1,2,3,4,5,6

Answer 10

1. Biceps femoris
2. Semimembranous
3. Semitendinous
4. Tibial nerve
5. Popliteal artery
6. Common fibular nerve

Question 11

What bone makes up the medial malleolus?

Answer 11

Tibia

Question 12

The …………. vein ascends on the Medial aspect of the leg and thigh and drains into the…….. vein

Answer 12

greater saphenous

Femoral

Question 13

The common fibular nerve further divides in the leg into ..?

Answer 13

the Superficialfibular (peroneal) and deepfibular (peroneal) nerves

Question 14

What kind of joint is the inferior or distal tibio- fibular joint

Answer 14

Syndesmosis (fibrous) joint

Question 15

Which fibular nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment?

Answer 15

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 17

What do the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg mainly do

Answer 17

These muscles are mainly Extensors (dorsiflexors)of the ankle joint and Dorsiflexof the toes.

Question 18

Which nerve innervates gastrocnemius?

Answer 18

Tibial nerve

Question 19

Which ligament of ankle joint is the weakest?

Answer 19

Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 20

Cover and say

Answer 20

Question 23

How does the plantar fascia have a dual role

Answer 23

This acts in a dual role by supporting the arches of the foot, and acting as a spring when pushing off in normal walking gait.

Question 24

Straighten your leg – which tendon attaches onto the superior aspect of this?

Answer 24

Pateller tendon/ligament

Question 25

What do the malleoli do to the talus during movements of the ankl joint

Answer 25

Grip it tightly

Question 26

What movement do the deep group of muscles do

Answer 26

These muscles flex the toes and/or the ankle.

Question 27

The lateral compartmentof the leg contains two muscles..?

Answer 27

1. Fibularis longus 2. Fibularis brevis

Question 28

What muscles are involved with plantar flexion of the ankle joint

Answer 28

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris posterior tibialis

Question 29

What are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve which innervates the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

Answer 29

The Medial plantar and lateral Plantar nerves

Question 30

Cover and name

Answer 30

Question 31

What is 1,2,3,4,5,6

Answer 31

1. Talus 2. Calcaneus 3. Navicular 4. Cuboid 5. Cuneiform (1 to 3) 6. Metatarsals (1 to 5)

Question 32

What movement makes the ankle joint unstable

Answer 32

plantar flexion movement of the ankle joint

Question 33

Which branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 33

Posterior tibial artery

Question 34

What are 1 and 2

Answer 34

1. Tibionavicular (part of medial ligament) 2. Tibiocalcaneal (medial ligament part of)

Question 35

What kind of joint is the proximal tibio-fibular joint

Answer 35

Plane

Question 36

What nerve is damaged in foot drop

Answer 36

damage to the common fibular nerve

Question 37

How are the interossei sub-divided

Answer 37

These are subdivided into plantar interossei which Adductthe digits and dorsal interossei which Abdductthe digits. (choose from abduct/adduct) Remember PAD DAB

Question 38

During which movements of the subtalar joint are ankle sprains more common?

Answer 38

Inversion

Question 39

What 4 mucles make up the deep compartment of the leg

Answer 39

1. Popliteus 2. Flexor hallicus longus 3. Tibialis Posterior 4. Flexor digitorum longus

Question 40

Which muscles form the superior boundaries of popliteal fossa?

Answer 40

Medial – Semitendinous and Semimembranous Lateral – Biceps femoris

Question 41

How do the 4 muscles of the deep compartment of the leg pass to the sole of the foot

Answer 41

These muscles must pass to the sole of the foot, but do not travel around the calcaneus, where they would be compressed. Rather they pass medially to enter through the ‘door to the foot’, posterior to the medial malleolus, covered by the flexor retinaculum

Question 42

Which muscle forms the inferior boundary of popliteal fossa?

Answer 42

Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)

Question 43

The posterior tibial pulse is palpated behind the .......... and it is the continuation of the ......... artery.

Answer 43

Medial malleolus Posterior tibial

Question 44

What passive factors maintain the integrity of the arch

Answer 44

Shape of the united bones Plantar Calcaneonavicularligament or Springligament Long Plantarligament Short plantar Ligament

Question 45

What does the first layer of muscles do to the toes;

Answer 45

Flexes and initiates the first part of the gat cycle

Question 46

What are the muscles of the posterior leg divided into

Answer 46

superficial and a deep group

Question 47

What does the achilles tendon insert onto?

Answer 47

The posterior aspect of the calcaneus bone

Question 48

Cover and name

Answer 48

Question 49

The ........ ascends on the Lateral aspect of the leg, and drains into the .........

Answer 49

lesser saphenous vein Popliteal vein

Question 51

What muscles are involved with dorsiflexion of the ankle joint

Answer 51

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus

Question 52

What movements of the ankle are achieved at the mortise joint of the ankle?

Answer 52

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

Question 53

What does layer 3 of foot muscles contain

Answer 53

adductors and short flexors of the toes

Question 54

What does layer 4 of foot muscles contain

Answer 54

the interossei

Question 56

Cover and say

Answer 56

Question 57

What do muscles of the lateral compartment of leg do to the foot?

Answer 57

evert

Question 58

Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 58

Tibial nerve

Question 59

The deep fascia of the foot is known as the ....?

Answer 59

Plantar fascia.

Question 60

The movement of the ankle laterally (sole of foot points medially) is?

Answer 60

Inversion

Question 61

What is 1, 2

Answer 61

1. talonavicular joint 2. talocalcaneal joint

Question 63

What do the main motor nerves and main sensory nerves of the foot follow

Answer 63

As a rule, the main motor nerves of the foot follow the arterial supply, with some of the sensory nerves following the venous supply.

Question 64

What is a Mortise joint

Answer 64

meaning that the bones at the superior aspect of the joint provide a socket in which the talus fits into and can fit into a move.

Question 65

What is the anterior bony prominence you can feel about 3 to 4 cm below the knee joint?

Answer 65

Tibial tuberosity

Question 67

The popliteal artery is the continuation of the ....... artery as it emerges from the ......... hiatus

Answer 67

femoral adductor

Question 69

What 3 compartments is the leg divided into

Answer 69

Lateral Anterior Posterior (deep and superficial)

Question 70

What does the gastrocnemius muscle do

Answer 70

Plantarflexes the ankle and is essential for a walking gait.

Question 71

What dynamic factors maintain the integrity of the arch

Answer 71

Intrinsic muscles of the foot Long flexor tendons Tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus

Question 72

What kind of joint is the ankle joint

Answer 72

hinge (synovial)

Question 74

What does the talocalcaneal joint do?

Answer 74

helps allows the foot to pivot from side to side process allowing for some lateral sliding movement

Question 75

How many layers are the muscles of the foot divided into

Answer 75

4

Question 76

What are the articular surfaces of the ankle

Answer 76

The distal end of the Tibia and fibula with the superior part of the Talusbone.

Question 77

What is the relation of the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein

Answer 77

it lies Anterior to it

Question 78

What holds the tibia and fibula together

Answer 78

the Interosseusmembrane

Question 79

Identify the contents of the popliteal fossa:

Answer 79

1. Fat 2. Popliteal artery, vein and branches and tributaries 3. termination of small saphenous vein 4. Tibial and common fibular nerves 5. Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh 6. Popliteal Lymph Nodes and Vessels

Question 80

What is 1,2,3,4

Answer 80

1. Popliteus 2. Flexor hallicus longus 3. Tibialis Posterior 4. Flexor digitorum longus

Question 81

What is found deep in layer 2 of muscles of foot

Answer 81

The two terminal branches of the tibial artery and nerve and artery are found, with the muscles which flex the toes.

Question 82

The foot bones are arranged into two arches, what are they

Answer 82

longitudinal and transverse arches

Question 83

What bone makes up the lateral malleolus?

Answer 83

Fibula

Question 84

Cover and say

Answer 84

Question 85

What are 1,2,3

Answer 85

1 - lateral 2- Anterior 3 - Posterior (deep and superficial)

Question 86

What are the two divisions of sciatic nerve?

Answer 86

1. Tibial 2. Common fibular

Question 87

The dorsalis pedis is the continuation of the what artery and is palpated between the.....?

Answer 87

Anterior tibial 1stand 2nd metatarsal bones.

Question 88

Which are the two terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery which supply the foot region?

Answer 88

Medial plantar artery and Lateral plantar artery

Question 89

What is plantar fascitis

Answer 89

Plantar fasciitis is a common presenting condition, often felt as heel pain and is generally brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight and/ or age. Treatment of this involves resting, strengthening exercises or invasive interventions such as steroid injection or as a last resort surgery.

Question 90

What do muscles in lateral compartment of leg do to ankle?

Answer 90

Dorsiflex

Question 91

What is the function of the small muscle with its very long tendon, plantaris?

Answer 91

Proprioception (weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle)

Question 92

What are 3,4,5,6

Answer 92

3. Posterior talofibular ligament 4. Anterior tibiofibular ligament 5. Calcaneofibular ligament 6. Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 93

the movement of the ankle upwards is?

Answer 93

Dorsiflexion