Lower Limb

Question 1

Hip Abductors

Answer 1

superior gluteal nerve

1. glut medius
2. glut min
3. tensor fascia latae

Question 2

Medial Rotators

Answer 2

superior gluteal nerve

1. glut med
2. glut min
3. tensor fascia latae

Question 3

Lateral Rotators

Answer 3

1. obterator internus (nerve to OI)
2. gemelies
   
   1. superior: nerve to OI
   2. inferior gem: nerve to QF
3. quadratus femorus: nerve to QF
4. piriformus: nerve to piriformus (some abduct abilities)

Question 4

Hip Extensors

Answer 4

inferior gluteal nerve

1. glut max
2. (and hamstrings/post thigh)

Question 5

Sciatic Nerve

Answer 5

comes through/above/below piriformus

Question 6

Piriformus compression

Answer 6

piriformus muscle contracts around common fib divisio of sciatic nerve (foot drop)

Question 7

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Answer 7

posterior div fibers

Rami: L2-L3

Fxn: sensory around ASIS

Question 8

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Answer 8

Post Div fibers

Rami: L4-S1

Fxn: motor of glut med, min, tensor fascia latae

Question 9

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Answer 9

Posterior Div Fibers

Rami: L5-S2

Fxn: motor of glut max

Question 10

Nerve to Piriformus

Answer 10

posterior div fibers

rami: S1, S2
fxn: motor to piriformus

Question 11

Nerve to Obterator Internus

Answer 11

ant div fibers

Rami: L5-S2

Fxn: motor to obterator internus and superior gemellus

Question 12

Nerve to Quadatus Femoris

Answer 12

Ant div fibers

Rami: L4-S1

Fxn: motor to quad fem and inferior gemellus

Question 13

Poterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Answer 13

both ant and poterior nerve fibers

Rami: S1-S3

Fxn: sensory to posterior thigh

Question 14

Femoral Nerve

Answer 14

Terminal Nerve

Post Div Fibers

Rami: L2-L4

Innervates anterior thigh

Question 15

Obterator Nerve

Answer 15

Terminal Nerve

Ant Div Fibers

Rami: L2-L4

Innervates: medial thigh

Question 16

Tibial Nerve

Answer 16

Ant Div fibers

Rami: L4-S3

Innervates: Post thigh, leg, sole of foot

Question 17

Common Fibular Nerve

Answer 17

Post Div Fibers

Rami: L4-S2

Innervates:

• anterior leg (deep fib)
• lateral leg (superficial fib)

Question 18

Anterior Thigh Compartment

Answer 18

Fxn: hip flex/ knee ext

Nerve: Femoral Nerve

• illiopsoas (chief hip flex)
• sartorius
• quadrceps femorus
• rectus femorus

Question 19

Medial Thigh Compartment

Answer 19

Fxn: Hip Adduction

Obterator Nerve

• adductor brevis
• adductor longus
• gracilis
• adductor magnus
• obterator exernus

Question 20

Posterior Thigh Compartment

Answer 20

(Hamstrings)

• *Tibial nerve
• (except biceps short head)***

Hip ext + knee flxn

• semitendiousus
• semimembranosus
• biceps femoris long head
• biceps femoris short head (knee flexor only; common fibular nerve)
• adductor magnus

Question 21

Popliteus Muscle

Answer 21

Unlocks the knee

• Rotate medial to lock the knee
• Rotate laterally to unlock the knee

pulls lateral chondyle backwards –> laterally rotates femur on the fixed tibia

Question 22

Anterior Leg Compartment

Answer 22

Art: Ant Tib

Nerve: Posterior division fibers
Deep Fibular Nerve

Fxn: Foot Dorsiflexn; digit extension

• TA
• EDL
• EHL (deep but btwn TA and EDL in leg)

Ligaments by medial malleolus: T, D, a. v. n. H

Question 23

Lateral Leg Compartment

Answer 23

Fibular Art

Fxn: Eversion of foot

Nerve: Superficial Fibular

• Fib Longus (lat/sup)
• Fib Brevus (deep)

Question 24

Superficial Posterior Compartment

Answer 24

Artery: posterior tibial and fibular artery

Nerve: Tibial Nerve

Fxn: knee flex, foot plantar flexor

• Gastroc
• Soleus
• Plantaris

Question 25

Deep Posterior Compartment

Answer 25

Art: Post Tib and Fib artery Nerve: Tibial nerve Fxn: foot plantar; digit flxn * *poplitieus (knee unlocking)* * *TP* * *FHL (starts lateral; bigger than FDL)* * *FDL*

Question 26

Inverters

Answer 26

**TP (**and TA)

Question 27

Medial Collatoral (Deltoid) Lig of Foot

Answer 27

Attaches to Tibia & Talus, Tibia and Calcaneus, Tibia & Navicular, Talus and Calcaneous Fxn: provides medial support and resists EVersion

Question 28

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Answer 28

Attaches to Fibular and Talus, Calcaneus and Fibula Provides lateral support of ankle Resists INversion

Question 29

Spring Lig | (plantar calcaneonavicular)

Answer 29

Attaches to sustentaculum tali and navicular bone Supports head of talus in TCN joing and provies elasticity to arch

Question 30

Long Plantar Lig

Answer 30

Attaches to calcaneous, cuboid, and lateral 3 metatarsals Provides lateral arch support to foot

Question 31

Subtalar and Transverse Tarsal joints

Answer 31

Work together as a unit subtalar: talus and calcaneous transverse tarsal: talus, calcaneous, navicular **Responsible for inversion/eversion of the foot** \*twising of hindfoot\* Forcible inversion of the foot: MECH OF INJURY INVOLVES MOVEMENT AT THE SUBTALAR AND TRANSVERSE TARSAL JOINTS

Question 32

Talocrual Joint

Answer 32

Talus and distal leg bones fxn as tenon and mortise **dorsiflexion and plantar flexion ("pure hinge")** *a high ankle sprain would be whenthe distal leg bones become separated*