LP2

Question 1

Can the DH diagnose caries?

Answer 1

no, but we must know the process of how it works

Question 2

caries are _____ (6)

Answer 2

1. infection
2. transmissible
3. controllable
4. communicable
5. preventable
6. all ages are suspects

Question 3

what are the 4 required factors for caries development

Answer 3

1. susceptible host
2. cariogenic bacteria
3. acid producing source
4. salivary factors

Question 4

is the enamel surface more caries resistant than the subsurface?

Answer 4

true

Question 5

how does decalcification occur

Answer 5

occurs by acid production through bacterial fermentation

Question 6

does a low or high pH decalcify enamel?

Answer 6

low pH

Question 7

what are some featured of acid production

Answer 7

• amount of plaque
• predominant microflora
• rate of salivary flow
• location of plaque

Question 8

what does saliva do during the demineralization process

Answer 8

supplies minerals and replace elements lost

Question 9

saliva is a source of _____ transfer

Answer 9

fluoride

Question 10

3 steps in remineralization

Answer 10

1. tooth is attacked by acids in plaque and saliva
2. calcium and phosphate dissolve from the enamel in the process of demineralization
3. fluoride, phosphate, and calcium re-enter the enamel in a process called remineralization

Question 11

Phase 1 subsurface demineralization

Answer 11

acid products from cariogenic dental biofilm pass through pores of the enamel

Question 12

during Phase 1 formation, is the area of demineralization visible clinically?

Answer 12

not during the initial changes

Question 13

what is the first clinical evidence during Phase 1 formation

Answer 13

white spot appears with no breakthrough to enamel surface.

Question 14

if caries process reaches the pulp what will result?

Answer 14

swelling, sensitivity to temperature changes and pain will result

Question 15

define biofilm

Answer 15

matrix-enclosed bacterial populations adherent to each other and or to surfaces or interfaces

Question 16

what are the significant 7 microorganisms associated with biofilm

Answer 16

1. streptococci mutans
2. streptococci sobrinus
3. streptococci sanguis
4. streptococci mitis
5. streptococci salivarius
6. lactobacilli
7. actinomyces

Question 17

characteristics of stretpococci mutans (gram, where is it found, etc)

Answer 17

• 1st main microorganism found in caries
• gram positive
• found in large numbers over smooth carious lesions
• not found in the mouth of babies
• decrease in numbers as teeth are lost
• aciduric

Question 18

characteristics of streptococci sobrinus

Answer 18

• gram positive
• found in mouth of infants
• settles on pits and fissures

Question 19

characteristics of streptococci sanguis

Answer 19

• gram positive
• nonmotile
• found in dental plaque of healthy persons

Question 20

characteristics of streptococci mitis

Answer 20

• gram positive
• nonmotile
• can break down in RBC

Question 21

characteristics of streptococci salivarius

Answer 21

• gram positive
• first bacterium which colonizes dental plaque
• linked to mouth odor

Question 22

characteristics of lactobacilli

Answer 22

• gram positive
• found in deeper lesions
• metabolically 7 active at pH of 5.0
• cannot initiate caries process
• acidogenic and aciduric

Question 23

characteristics of actinomyces

Answer 23

• gram positive
• can be anerobic or facultive anerobic
• associated with root caries

Question 24

what is the main substance for cariogenic bacteria

Answer 24

sucrose

Question 25

Do starches have a low or high cariogenic activity?

Answer 25

low

Question 26

when does acid formation begin once a cariogenic substance is taken into biofilm

Answer 26

immediately

Question 27

once biofilm has attached to the tooth surface and the pH level drops, if left undisturbed, it will take how long for the pH to return to normal?

Answer 27

1-2 hours

Question 28

if food or a cariogenic substance has not occured, pH levels are what?

Answer 28

6.2-7.0

Question 29

is the pH lower or higher than 6.2-7.0 in high risk caries patients?

Answer 29

the range is lower

Question 30

at what pH does enamel demineralization begin at?

Answer 30

4.5-5.5

Question 31

is the root surface of a tooth softer or harder which makes it more porous than enamel?

Answer 31

softer which makes it break down faster

Question 32

the amount of demineralization is directly related to the amount of time the ____ has had an opportunity to be on the tooth surface

Answer 32

acid

Question 33

should a DH recommend drinking soda through-out the day or in one sitting?

Answer 33

one sitting

Question 34

what can we do to decrease biofilm?

Answer 34

- brushing/flossing - increase fluoride exposure - implementation of sealant placement - decrease sugar foods and increase detergent foods - establish a recall

Question 35

what is the sequence of caries process?

Answer 35

1. cariogenic foods 2. dental biofilm 3. acid formation 4. demineralization 5. dental caries

Question 36

what is the primary role to prevent the disease process of caries from progressing

Answer 36

educate patients to prevent the disease process