Flexion
40 -60 degree
Extension
25-35 degree
Lateral flexion
15-20 degree
Rotation
3-18 degree
Flexion of vertebral column
Rectus abdominus External oblique( bilaterally) Internal oblique ( Bilaterally) Psoas major with insertion fixed Illiacus ( with insertion fixed),
Extension of vertebral
Longissimus ( bilaterally) Illiocostalis ( bilaterally) Multifidi ( bilaterally ) Rotatores( bilaterally) semispinalis Capitus Spinalis ( bilaterally) QL ( assist) Interspinalis Intertransversarii ( billaterally ) Latissimus dorsi( assist when arm is fixed)
Rotation of vertebral column
External oblique ( on left side/ opposite side)
Internal oblique ( on the right / same side)
Multifidi ( on the left / oposite side)
Rotatores ( on the left / same side
Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Illiocostalis External oblique Internal oblique Longissimus QL Psoas major ( assist) Intertransversaii Spinalis Lats ( assist)
Elevation / Expansion ( inhalation ) of the Ribs
Anterior scalene ( bilaterally) Middle scalene ( bilaterally) Posterior scalene( bilaterally) Scm ( assist) External intercostalis ( assist)
Depression / collapse ( exhalation ) of ribs
Internal intercostals ( assist) Serratus posterior inferior