Lymphatic 3

Question 1

Apneustic

Answer 1

Stimulates VRG and DRG can cause gasping

Question 2

Pneumotic

Answer 2

High signaling causes small fast breaths low signaling causes long deep breaths

Question 3

How many bifurcations does the respritory tree undergo between trachea and alveoli?

Answer 3

20-27

Question 4

18. What is the most common epithelial type found in respiratory mucosa?

Answer 4

Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

Question 5

19. Where in that respiratory mucosa would you expect to find a simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 5

branchials

Question 6

20. Name two tissues or cells that decrease in prominence as you move from trachea to alveolar sacs.

Answer 6

Cartilage

globocells

Question 7

21. How many cell layers thick is the wall of an alveolar sac

Answer 7

1

Question 8

22. What substance is produced by type 2 pneumocytes?

Answer 8

Surfactant

Question 9

32 intrapleural pressure is cause by what two opposing forces?

Answer 9

Lung tissue recoil

pressure of liquids

Question 10

43. What molecule in hemoglobin binds oxygen?

Answer 10

Iron 2+ or FE2+

Question 11

46. How does temperature affect Hb saturation?

Answer 11

Temperature: elevation causes reduced saturation

Question 12

47. Name three ways c02 can be transported in blood

Answer 12

• Conversion to carbonic acid
• Bound to hemoglobin in RBCs
• Dissolved in plasma

Question 13

56. The homeostatic mechanism that can control internal respiration is called what?

Answer 13

Autoregulation

Question 14

57. What type of receptor is sensitive to the partial pressure of CO2? What does it do

Answer 14

•Central Chemoreceptors (CCR), primarily responsible for the breathing stimulation, are affected by the PaCO2.

Question 15

58. Which medullary center is responsible for the basic rhythm of breathing?
59. Which medullary center is responsible for a sudden very active inspiration, like a gasp?

Answer 15

58. Dorsal respritory group

59. Ventral respritory group

Question 16

60. What are the two respiratory centers in the pons called?

Answer 16

Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers regulate the depth and rate of respiration

Question 17

61.Which pontine center inhibits inspiratory neurons to allow the switch to expiration?

Answer 17

Pneumotaxic centers inhibit the inspiratory centers to allow the switch to expiration;

Question 18

63. What receptor signals that the lungs are near their filling capacity?

Answer 18

Stretch receptor

Question 19

66. Name three stimuli to which chemoreceptors are sensitive.

Answer 19

Co2
Ph
Lactic acid

Question 20

65. What two cranial nerves carry information from chemoreceptors and baroreceptors?

Answer 20

Vagus, glossopharyngeal
or
cranial nerves IX, X

Question 21

Hering-Breuer reflexes-

Examples?

Answer 21

stimulated by stretch receptors these prevent over inflation or underinflation of lung tissue.

EX Inflation Deflation reflex

Question 22

Inflation Reflex

Deflation reflex

Answer 22

• Inflation Reflex: activation of stretch receptors causes inhibition of DRG and stimulation of VRG expiratory centers
• Deflation Reflex: controlled by alveolar volume which stimulates inspiration when lung volume decreases

Question 23

Protective reflexes

Answer 23

Certain irritants can cause coughing, sneezing, or laryngeal spasm depending on the area stimulated.