lymphatic system

Question 1

lymphatic system functions

Answer 1

• drainage of excess fluids and proteins
• filtration of organisms that cause disease
• production of some white blood cells
• generating antibodies
• absorption + transport of fats

Question 2

how much interstitial fluid leaks from the circulatory system each day

Answer 2

3 litres

Question 3

role of lymph capillaries

Answer 3

• have greater permeability than blood capillaries
• can absorb larger molecules

Question 4

how do lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue carry out immune responses

Answer 4

• produce some white blood cells to help combat infection

Question 5

what is lymph

Answer 5

clear fluid that drains away part of interstitial fluid found between cells and body tissues
- circulatory fluid

Question 6

what does lymph contain

Answer 6

• water
• white blood cells
• proteins
• glucose
• fats and salts

Question 7

the 5 lymphatic trunks

Answer 7

• lumbar trunk
• intestinal trunk
• broncho-mediastinal trunk
• subclavian trunk
• jugular trunk

Question 8

where do all the lymphatic trunks pass into

Answer 8

• pass into thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
• lymph passes from here back to circulatory system via junction of right or left internal jugular + subclavian veins

Question 9

what do the lymph nodes do

Answer 9

filters lymph fluid in reticular/ lymphatic tissue

Question 10

outer layer of lymph node

Answer 10

cortex
- b cell lymphatic nodules

Question 11

inner layer of lymph node

Answer 11

cortex
- t cells

Question 12

inner part of node (mid)

Answer 12

medulla
- b cells
- plasma cells
- macrophages

Question 13

what do T-lymphocytes pass through to be converted to mature T-lymphocytes

Answer 13

• thymus gland
• pass in blood to lymph nodes

Question 14

primary lymphatic organs

Answer 14

• bone marrow
• thymus
• mature lymphocytes develop into mature cells with adaptive immunity

Question 15

secondary lymphatic organs

Answer 15

• lymph nodes
• spleen
• tonsil
• peyers patchers
• where mature lymphocytes encounter antigens + activate immune response

Question 16

what is the thymus

Answer 16

bi-loped organ covered with connective tissue

Question 17

what is the spleen

Answer 17

oval organ approve 12cm
- connective tissue capsule
- production of blood cells in fetus
- storage of platelets

Question 18

lymphatic drainage of breast

Answer 18

• sentinel nodes
• first few lymph nodes affected by metastatic spread from tumour
• axilla

Question 19

lymphatic drainage of pelvis

Answer 19

• pelvic tumour spread via lymphatic system following paths of drainage

Question 20

what is nodal enlargement called

Answer 20

lymphadenitis

Question 21

hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 21

proliferation of cancerous lymphocytes
- notable by more predictable pattern of spread and presence of reed-sternberg cells

Question 22

non-hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 22

can have unpredictable spread pattern and lack of reed sternberg cells