lymphatic system

Question 1

what are the roles of lymphatic system

Answer 1

• absorb dietary fats and lipid soluble vitamins
• produce lymphocytes
• remove overflow of extracellular fluid
• immune filter for lymph

Question 2

explain the lymphatic system

Answer 2

• lymph transported in lymph vessels (all over body)
• filtered through lymph nodes
• spleen contributes to immune system
• thymus diffuse lymphoid tissue and bone marrow

Question 3

what are the 2 primary lymphoid tissues

Answer 3

bone marrow and thymus

Question 4

how is lymph formed

Answer 4

• from excess interstitial fluid originating in capillaryes
• water solutes and small hydrophilic molecules forced out of capillaries via hydrostatic pressure in capillary bed at arteriole end

Question 5

what are things you can find in interstitial fluid

Answer 5

• water
• proteins
• lipids
• immune cells
• maybe cells and bacteria

Question 6

how many of litres of lymphs is drained daily

Answer 6

3-4

Question 7

what is the swelling of the inferior portion of the thoracic duct known as

Answer 7

cisterna chyli (drain everything from below diaphragm)

Question 8

what are the 6 lymph nodes

Answer 8

• right and left subclavian vein
• right lymphatic duct
• thoracic duct
• superior vena cave
• cisterna chyli

Question 9

why are lymph vessels able to drain fluid

Answer 9

as they are more permeable than veins

Question 10

what must happen before fluid from lymph vessels reenter venous system

Answer 10

• filtered by immune system by passing through multiple sets of lymph nodes that contain lymphocytes
• ## lymphocytes detect microorganisms and remove them so they cant infect body

Question 11

lymph vessels are also transport system for immune cells

Question 12

what area do the right and left subclavian vein drain

Answer 12

right = right upper quadrant
left = left upper and both lower

Question 13

how are fats absorbed by lymphatic system and what is done with them

Answer 13

• gut epithelial cells absorb and package fats int chylomicrons
• blind-ending vessels/ lacteals in the intestinal villi take up chylomicrons
• filter them through lymph nodes
• into thoracic Duct
• then into venous system so fat can be transported in safe packages to the body

Question 14

lymph nodes have multiple AFFERENT (out) vessels but only 1 EFFERENT (in) vessel

Question 15

what landmark can the spleen be found

Answer 15

9th - 11th rib in mid axillary line left

Question 16

what does the spleen do

Answer 16

forces RBC to squeeze through tight spaces to make sure cells are healthy
- if cant be squeezed they’re broken down and iron is recycled
- phagocytosis of RBC

Question 17

what are some other functions of spleen

Answer 17

• stores 350 ml of blood approx
• mount an immune response to blood-born pathogens
• in fetus, works with liver to make new RBC

Question 18

DEFINE LYMPHANGITIS

Answer 18

inflammation of lymph vessel (red on skin surface)

Question 19

define lymphadentis

Answer 19

infection of lymph node (swollen)

Question 20

define lymphadenopathy

Answer 20

enlargement/disease of lymph node (tumour like growths)

Question 21

define lymphoedema

Answer 21

swelling in tissues with interrupted lymph drainage (swelling body parts)

Question 22

what is a sentinel node

Answer 22

a lymph node that a lymph travels to first in particular

Question 23

how have sentinel nodes improved breast cancer dealing

Answer 23

• before all lymph nodes would be removed to prevent metasstasis in breast cancer causing lymphedema due to no lymphatic drainage
• now we now sentinel nodes exist so we can remove those first depending on what lymph area is it

Question 24

how is a sentinel node biopsy carried out

Answer 24

• radioactive tracer, coloured dye or both are injected into breast tissue surrounding tumor
• injected material migrates to nearby draining lymph node
• sentinel lymph nodes are identified by radioactive tracer, coloured dye or both and examined for evidence of cancer