lymphatic system

Question 1

lymphatic system contents

Answer 1

1. lymph
2. lymphatic vessels
3. lymphoid organs

Question 2

the lymph consists of…

Answer 2

1. ISF
2. lymphocytes
3. macrophages

the lymph fluid drains 1/10th of the ISF from the body

Question 3

primary lymphoid organs

Answer 3

1. thymus
2. bone marrow

Question 4

thymus function

Answer 4

1. site of maturation for T cells produced by lymphocytes
2. produce thymulin and thyroxine

Question 5

bone marrow function

Answer 5

1. site of B cell and NK cell maturation

Question 6

secondary lymphoid tissue

Answer 6

1. tonsils
2. nodes
3. spleen
4. mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

Question 7

notable nodes

Answer 7

1. axillary
2. cephalic
3. inguinal

Question 8

why is the spleen part of the lymphatic system?

Answer 8

the white pulp (lymphocytes) of the spleen takes care of worn out RBCs

Question 9

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

Answer 9

1. GALT
2. VALT
3. NALT

GALT = gut associated lymphoid tissue
VALT = vulvo-vaginal associated lymphoid tissue
NALT = nasal associated lymphoid tissue

Question 10

efferent and afferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 10

enter and exit the lymph nodes

they are one way vessels into the lymph nodes that do not permit backwards flow of lymph

Question 11

similarities to circulatory vessels

Answer 11

1. valves
2. thin walls

the valves of the lymphatic system prevent backwards flow

Question 12

lymphatic system functions

Answer 12

1. produce, maintain, distribute lymphocytes
2. maintain normal blood volume
3. alternate transport for…

hormones
nutrients
waste

Question 13

3 cell types of the lymphatic system

Answer 13

1. T cells –> cell mediated immunity
2. B cells –> antibody mediated immunity
3. NK cells –> viral and cancer cell response

Question 14

lymphatic system and blood volume maintenance

Answer 14

the lymphatic system is connected to the circulatory system

it can drain 1/10th of the ISF to maintain the blood volume

the other 9/10th of ISF is drained into the veinous system

Question 15

small lymphatic vessels are AKA…

Answer 15

lymphatic capillaries

Question 16

large diameter lymphatic vessels are AKA…

Answer 16

lymphatic ducts

Question 17

lymphatic capillary characteristics vs vascular capillaries

Answer 17

1. larger diameter
2. thinner walls
3. irregular outline
4. anchoring filaments
5. greater permeability
6. tunics are difficult to identify

anchoring filaments prevent the lymph vessels from collapsing on themselves

Question 18

superficial lymphatic location and supply

Answer 18

in the subcutaneous layer

supplies the mucous lining of the…
1. digestive
2. respiratory
3. urinary
4. reproductive tracts

supplies serous lining of the…
1. pericardium
2. peritoneum
3. pleura

Question 19

deep lymphatic location and supply

Answer 19

collects lymph in the…

1. skeletal muscle
2. neck
3. limbs
4. trunk
5. visceral organs

Question 20

where are lymphatic capillaries not found in?

Answer 20

in areas that lack blood supply

1. cartilage matrix
2. cornea

Question 21

major lymphatic trunks

Answer 21

the convergence of superficial and deep lymphatic vessels

1. lumbar
2. intestinal
3. bronchomediastinal
4. subclavian
5. jugular

Question 22

right trunks and their drainage

Answer 22

1. right jugular
2. right lymphatic
3. right subclavian
4. right bronchomediastinal

all right trunks empty into the right subclavian vein

Question 23

left trunks and their drainage

Answer 23

1. left jugular
2. left subclavian
3. left bronchomediastinal
4. thoracic duct (left lymphatic)

all trunks drain into the left lymphatic (thoracic duct) which drains into the left subclavian and then the superior vena cava

Question 24

body regions that drain into the thoracic duct

Answer 24

1. left arm
2. left torso
3. left neck
4. left head
5. abdomen
6. both legs (right and left lumbar)

75% drainage

Question 25

body regions that drain into the right lymphatic duct

Answer 25

1. right head 2. right neck 3. right arm 4. right torso 25% drainage

Question 26

cisterna chyli

Answer 26

saclike structure at the start of the thoracic duct

Question 27

t cell types

Answer 27

1. cytotoxic --> killer T 2. helper --> helps B cells mature into plasma cells 3. suppressor --> stops B cell maturing 4. memory --> remember invading antigens

Question 28

b cell types

Answer 28

1. plasma cells --> antibody producing 2. memory b cells --> remember an invading antigen

Question 29

NK cells

Answer 29

1. attack foreign cells 2. attack normal infected cells 3. attack cancer cells "immunological surveillance cells"

Question 30

lymphocyte immune response sequence

Answer 30

1. macrophages eat foreign substances 2. present foreign antigens to T cells 3. T cell divides into cytotoxic, helper and memory T cells helper T cells produce cytokines to help B cells grow and produce antibodies macrophages use MHC to present antigens

Question 31

antibody-antigen interaction on invading material

Answer 31

draws leukocytes to kill the bacteria

Question 32

lymphocyte distributions

Answer 32

8 : 1 T cells and B cells in the blood 1 : 1 T cells and B cells in the spleen 1 : 3 T cells and B cells in the bone marrow lymphocytes live 4-20 years

Question 33

lymph nodule characteristics

Answer 33

1. aggregation of lymphocytes in reticular tissue 2. germinal center that contains lymphocytes

Question 34

lymphoid tissue types

Answer 34

1. MALT 2. tonsils 3. aggregated lymphoid nodules

Question 35

5 tonsils

Answer 35

1x pharyngeal tonsil 2x palatine tonsils 2x lingual tonsils

Question 36

lymph node characteristics

Answer 36

1-25 mm in diameter high concentration of lymph nodes in... 1. cervical region 2. axillary region 3. abdominal region 4. inguinal region 5. breasts

Question 37

lymph node structures

Answer 37

1. afferent vessels 2. capsule 3. subscapular space 4. outer cortex 5. medulla 6. medullary cords 7. hilum 8. efferent vessels

Question 38

where are lymphoid tissue and nodules highly concentrated?

Answer 38

in areas of susceptible to high injury

Question 39

cervical lymph node service

Answer 39

the head and neck

Question 40

axillary lymph node service

Answer 40

filters lymph from trunk and arms also from mammary glands in women

Question 41

popliteal lymph node service

Answer 41

lymph from the legs

Question 42

periauricular lymph nodes

Answer 42

in front of the ear

Question 43

retroauricular lymph node

Answer 43

behind the ear

Question 44

inguinal lymph node service

Answer 44

lymph of the lower limbs and trunk

Question 45

thoracic lymph node service

Answer 45

lymph from the lungs, respiratory passages, mediastinal structures

Question 46

abdominal lymph nodes service

Answer 46

lymph from urinary and reproductive systems

Question 47

intestinal lymph node service

Answer 47

lymph from the digestive tract

Question 48

mesenterial lymph node service

Answer 48

lymph from the digestive tract too

Question 49

thymus characteristics

Answer 49

1. larger in youth 2. diminishes with age 3. left and right thymic lobes 4. medulla and cortex 5. thymic corpuscles (hassal's)

Question 50

thymus cortex

Answer 50

1. stem cells differentiate to form T cells 2. mature T cells migrate to the medulla

Question 51

thymus medulla

Answer 51

1. matured T cells 2. thymic corpuscles

Question 52

hassal's corpuscles

Answer 52

theorized to take care of corrupted thymocytes

Question 53

spleen characteristics

Answer 53

1. largest lymphoid organ 2. attached to the stomach by the gastrosplenic ligament 3. white pulp 4. red pulp 5. diaphragmatic surface 6. visceral surface 7. capsule

Question 54

visceral surface of the spleen

Answer 54

organs that touch the spleen make impressions here it also contains the hilum of the spleen