Lymphatic System

Question 1

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 1

Capillaries that begin peripherally and collect in venous system.

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

Virus, bacteria, fungus, parasite

* Responsible for disease in the human body

Question 3

Immunity

Answer 3

The body’s ability to resist disease and infection through activation of specific defenses for these pathogens

Question 4

White blood cells

Answer 4

• Lymphocytes
• Basophils
• Eosinophils
• Monocytes

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

Pathogen , part of pathogen

Foreign compound

Question 6

Antibodies

Answer 6

Soluble proteins
Aka - immunoglobulins
Antibodies bond to antigens

Question 7

Functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 7

1) Production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes
2) Return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissues
3) Distribution of hormones, water, and nutrients from peripheral tissues to the blood.

Question 8

Lymph

Answer 8

Fluid following through lymphatic vessels

Question 9

Natural killer cells

Answer 9

5-10% of lymphocytes
Non specific defense
-Immunological surveillance - attack foreign cells, cells infected, with virus, cancer cells, etc

Question 10

B cells

Answer 10

(Bone marrow derived)
10-15% of lymphocytes
-Differentiate into plasma cells
-Plasma cells secrete AB
-Antibody mediated immunity
-Cell mediated immunity
-Specific defense

Question 11

T cell

Answer 11

Thymus dependent cells
80% of lymphocytes
4 Types of lymphocytes
1)Cytotoxic T cells
2)Helper T cells 
3)Suppressor T cell
4) Memory T cells

Question 12

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 12

(Killer T cells)

-Attack foreign cells and body cells infected with virus

Question 13

Helper T cells

Answer 13

(Help in HIV)

-Stimulate T and B cells

Question 14

Suppressor T cells

Answer 14

-Inhibit T and B cells

Question 15

Memory T cells

Answer 15

-Remain in reserve for future contact with pathogen.

Question 16

Lymphoid Tissues

Answer 16

Lymphoid nodules

• Mass of lymphoid tissue not surrounded by a fibrous capsule
• Increase and decrease in size based on number of lymphocytes present
• Beneath epithelial - respiratory, digestive, and renal

Question 17

Lymphoid organs

Answer 17

• Surrounded by fibrous capsule
• Lymph nodes
• Thymus - in mediastinum posterior to sternum
• Tcell production and maturation
• Spleen - responsible for filtering the blood.
• Removes abnormal cells and components
• Stores iron from recycled RBCs

Question 18

Non specific defenses

Answer 18

Deny entry or limit the spread of pathogens (does not care which pathogen you are)

Question 19

1) Physical Barriers

Answer 19

• Skin - anchored by desmonsomes, hair prevents bugs from contacting the surface, secretions of sweat and oil, wash away pathogens
• Insides - mucous/cilia of respiratory tract, digestion of pathogens in stomach, flush pathogens with urine.

Question 20

2) Immunological Surveillance

Answer 20

Monitor for presence of antigens on cell membranes

*Perforins - makes holes in cell membrane of pathogen for water to come in, pathogen ruptures

Question 21

3) Interferons

Answer 21

Small protein released by activated lymphocytes , macrophages, and tissue cells infected with viruses.

• Will prevent virus replications and rate of spread in body tissues.
• Works by 2nd messenger

Question 22

4) Inflammation

Answer 22

Localized tissue response to injury causing local heat, redness, swelling pain
*Caused by stimulus that damages loose connective or kills cells

Question 23

Goals of inflammation

Answer 23

1) To perform temporary repair at injury site
2) Slow spread of pathogens from injury site
3) Mobilize resources for permanent repair (regeneration)

Question 24

5) Compliment system

Answer 24

11 compliment protein

• Cascade like clotting cascade
• Membrane attack (MAC) created in membrane > pores in bacterial (pathogen) membrane > cell lysis
• Activation = begins with compliment system attaching to antibody = attraction of phagocytes, phagocytosis, perfection of cell membranes

Question 25

6) Fever

Answer 25

Pyrogens reset thermostat in hypothalamus -Increased body temp, new temp maintained by negative feedback. Once pathogens eliminated, set point returned to normal. Normal temp maintained by negative feedback.

Question 26

7) Phagocytes

Answer 26

-Remove cellular debris - respond to invasion of pathogens - two types (Macrophages and Microphages) - 1st line of defense / exist in peripheral tissue -