1
Q
key cell in the immune response
A
lymphocyte
2
Q
arise from a hematopoietic stem cell and differentiated in the primary lymphoid organ
A
lymphocyte
3
Q
2 main classes of lymphoid organ
A
- primary lymphoid organ
- secondary lymphoid organ
4
Q
primary lymphoid organs
A
- Bone Marrow
- Thymus
5
Q
secondary lymphoid organ
A
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
- Thoracic duct
- Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
- Skin-associated lymphoid tissue
- Blood
- Tonsils
- Appendix
- Peyer’s patches
- MALT
6
Q
where B cells and T cells
A
Primary lymphoid organ
7
Q
area for Ag-independent lymphopoiesis
A
primary lymphoid organ
8
Q
area where Ag are dropped from fine spaces
A
secondary lymphoid organ
9
Q
Ag dependent lymphopoiesis
A
Secondary lymphoid organ
10
Q
primary source of pluripotent stem cells that give rise to all HSC (Hematopoietic Stem Cell)
A
Bone Marrow
11
Q
major Organ for B cell maturation and gives rise to the precursor cells of the thymic lymphocytes
A
Bone Marrow
12
Q
Produce large numbers of B cells, each with unique antigen receptors (antibodies) such that, overall there is sufficient b cell diversity to recognize millions of microbial antigens in the environment
A
Bone Marrow
13
Q
Eliminate B cells with antigen receptors having high affinity for self-molecules
A
Bone Marrow
14
Q
percentage of B cells in the PB
A
10-20%
15
Q
percentage of T cells in the PB
A
61-89%
16
Q
percentage of NK cells in the PB
A
22%
17
Q
center for antigen independent lymphopoiesis
A
BM
18
Q
play a role in differentiation of progenitor cells into b lymphocytes
A
BALT and GALT
19
Q
in what common progenitor do T, B, and NK cells arise from?
A
CLP (common lymphoid precursor)
20
Q
site of T cell development and maturation
A
Thymus
21
Q
Rearrangement of gene segments that encode T cell receptor (TCR)
A
Thymus
22
Q
Flat, bilobed organ situated above the heart. Found in the thoracic cavity, right below the thyroid gland, and overlying the heart
A
Thymus
23
Q
a humoral factor that influences the progenitor cells in the thymus to proliferate and differentiate
A
Thymosin
24
Q
lymphoid precursors with acquired surface membrane antigens
A
thymocytes
25
what surrounds the lobes of the thymus and is divided into lobes
capsule
26
lobe of thymus that is densely packed with immature T cells: THYMOCYTES
outer cortex
27
lobe of thymus that is sparsely populated with thymocytes
inner medulla
28
its nucleus is round with indentation, dense chromatin, stains deep blue
lymphocyte
29
this cell's cytoplasm is sparse, with few organelles and narrow ring surrounded the nucleus, no specific granules, and it stains a lighter blue
lymphocyte
30
main function of lymph nodes
filtration
31
part of lymph node that contains macrophages for phagocytosis
sinuses
32
part of lymph nodes that contains macrophages for the aggregation of B cells
Cortex
33
part of lymph nodes that contains macrophages fro the aggregation of T cells
paracortex
34
part of lymph nodes that contains mature resting B cells or Naive B cells
primary follicle
35
part of lymph node that contains follicular dendritic cells
primary follicle
36
part of lymph node that contains antigen stimulated proliferated B cells
secondary follicle
37
interior of secondary follicle and where blast transformation of B cells take place
Germinal center
38
actively secretes Ab
plasma cells
39
largest secondary lymphoid organ
spleen
40
2 main types of splenic tissue
- red pulp
- white pulp
41
located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, below diaphragm, surrounded by this connective tissue capsule
spleen
42
major organ for clearance particles
spleen
43
arranged around periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)
spleen
44
what cells does pals mainly contain
T cells
45
surround PALS adn contains dendritic cells, MACs, CD4 t cells ( T helper cells) B cells
Marginal zone
46
what does the follicular area of the spleen contain
B cells
47
50% of lymphoid tissue in the human body is located in the lining of major tracts s/a
- respiratory
- digestive
- genitourinary
48
nasal; throat and nasal passages: tonsils
Nasal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (NALT)
49
inludes lymphoid tissue in the intestines (peyer's patches) and the liver
Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)
50
featurs IgA production and involves a unique pattern of lymphocyte recirculation
Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)
51
Important for the development of tolerance to ingested antigen
Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)
52
rich source of mature T cells
Thoracic duct
53
Chronic duct drainage can cause T cell depletion and has been used as a method of immunosuppression
Thoracic duct
54
Includes lymphoid tissue in the lower respiratory tract and hilar lymph nodes
Bronchus- Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT)
55
Associated with IgA production in response to inhaled antigens
BALT
56
Ag introduced through the skin are presented by epidermal Langerhans cells, which are bone marrow-derived accessory cells
Skin Associated Lymphoid tissue/ Cutaneous Associated Lymphoid Tissue
57
T/F
If the spleen is removed, there is a increased risk of infection with encapsulated bacteria and severe malaria
58
Important lymphoid organ and immunologic effector tissue
Blood
59
It has enough T cells to produce a graft-versus-host reaction
Blood
60
Most frequently sampled lymphoid organ
Blood
61
- Found in the mucous membrane lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities
- It responds to pathogen entering the respiratory and alimentary tracts
Tonsils
62
- Potential sites for contact with foreign Ag
- It increases the probability of an immune response
Appendix
63
its epithelium is lined with peyer's patches and it produces IgA2
Appendix
64
differentiate into memory cell and plasma cells and are responsible for humoral immunity or Ab formation
B cells
65
paly a role in cell- mediated immunity, and as such, they produce sensitized lymphocytes that secrete cytokines
T cells
66
surface markers of B cells
Igm, IgG
67
Other name for surface markers
Cluster of differentiation
68
what will further differentiate to Common Myeloid Progenitor and CLP
Lymphoid Myeloid Progenitor (LMP)
69
B cell differentiation
- Pro-B cell (Progenitor)
- Pre-B cell
- Immature B cell
- Mature B cell
- Activated B cell
- Plasma cell
70
T cell differentiation
- Double Negative stage
- Double Positive stage
- mature T cell
- Antigen Activation
71
surface marker of Pro-B cell
CD 24, CD19, and CD45R
72
rearrangement of genes on chromosome 14 coding for the heavy chain
Pro-B cell
73
Mu chains in cytoplasm (IgM)
Pre-B cell
74
Rearrangement of genes coding for light chains
- Kappa - 2
- Lambda - 22
Pre-B cell
75
1st expressed Ab on the surface with the presence of IgM
Immature B cell
76
surface markers of Immature B cells
CD21 and CD 35
77
2nd expressed Ab on the surface with the presence of IgD
Mature B cell
78
When activated by an Ag, CD 25 appears which is a receptor for IL-2 to enhance proliferation of lymphocytes
Activated B cell
79
2 destinations of Immature B cells
- apoptosis
- cells leave the BM and seed the lymphoid organs
80
Results of Ag stimulation and transformation of activated B cells
Plasma B cells
81
Abundant cytoplasmic Ig which are excreted in the blood stream and Ab/Ig
Plasma cells
82
found in germinal layer and has a longer life span
Memory B cells
83
60-80% of circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood
T cell development
84
Thymocytes will enter the thymus for differentiation
t cell development
85
site of differentiation
Thymus
86
lymphocyte precursor
Thymocytes
87
Chemical messenger that dictates migration of thymocytes
Chemokines
88
needed and critical for growth and differentiation and activates the outer cortex in the double negative stage
IL-7
89
what surface marker does early thymocytes lack in the Double negative stage
CD4 and CD8
90
what is formed with the combination of beta chain with CD3 during double negative stage
pre-TCR (T-cell receptor) receptor
91
early surface markers for thymocytes
CD 44 and CD 25
92
surface marker for double positive stage
CD4 and CD8 markers
93
in the double negative stage, what triggers the thymocytes to become CD4 and CD8 positive
Beta chains
94
rearrangement of the genes coding for alpha chains occurs
Double positive
95
CD-3alphabeta receptor (TCR) is expressed
Double positive
96
selection wherein TCR is functional and most T cells die during selection
Positive selection
97
Checks affinity for molecules and autoimmune disorders
Negative selection
98
no affinity for self molecule survive
Negative selection
99
increase self molecules
Positive selection
100
increase apoptosis
Negative selection
101
single positive through reaxn
mature T cells
102
what is used for IL-2 receptor in activated T cells
CD25
103
promotes further proliferation of lymphocytes
Activated T cells
104
Secretes lymphokines
Sensitized T cells
105
these are essential to the formation and maintenance of secondary lymphocyte organ and are produced by t and b lymphocytes
Tumor Necrosis and Lymphotoxins
IMMUNOSERO
flashcards
Decks in class (5)
# Cards
