drug concentrations are sometimes expressed in ____
EXPONENTIAL FORM
____ are applied in many pharmacokinetic equations
LOGARITHMS
an important mathematical tool for analyzing drug movement quantitatively
CALCULUS
are used to relate the concentrations of drugs in various body organs over time
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
are used to model the cumulative therapeutic or toxic responses of drugs in the body
INTEGRAL EQUATIONS
a branch of calculus that involves finding the RATE at which a variable quantity is CHANGING
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
the amount of drug DISSOLVING per unit time, typically in mg/s
RATE OF DISSOLUTION
dX / dt
tells how easily the drug molecules MOVE through the liquid
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT
a ____ diffusion coefficient means the drug can spread out ____
HIGHER diffusion coefficient
spread out FASTER
the total EXPOSED AREA of the drug particles in contact with the liquid
SURFACE AREA
⬆️ particle size, ____ diffusion coefficient
⬇️
⬇️ Lipophilicity, ____ diffusion coefficient
⬇️
relationship of particle size and surface area
INDIRECT relationship
a ____ surface area means ____ dissolution
LARGER surface area
FASTER dissolution
the THICKNESS of the STAGNANT layer of liquid around the dissolving particle
DIFFUSION LAYER THICKNESS
A ____ layer means the drug can escape ____ into the bulk liquid
THINNER layer
escape FASTER
the MAXIMUM concentration of drug that can dissolve in the solvent — like the DRUG’S LIMIT
SATURATION SOLUBILITY
the CURRENT concentration of the drug in the surrounding solution
BULK CONCENTRATION
if BULK concentration is CLOSE to saturation solubility, DISSOLUTION ____
SLOWS DOWN
in pharmacokinetics, what is the DEPENDENT variable
amount of drug in the body
in pharmacokinetics, which is considered to be the INDEPENDENT variable
TIME
is the REVERSE of DIFFERENTIATION
INTEGRATION
it is BREAKING a process down to look at the instantaneous process
DIFFERENTATION
SUMS UP the information from small time intervals to give a total result over a larger time period
INTEGRATION
