M2. Multi-Store Memory Model

Question 1

Multi-Store Model (MSM)

Answer 1

• represents storage, transfer, and receipt of information between stores (and process of forgetting)
• Sensory register, short-term memory, long-term memory

Question 2

Sensory register

Answer 2

• contains 1 sub store for 5 sense (e.g. echoic store for auditory info)
• HUGE capacity; < 0.5 second duration
• information only passes from SR to STM if we PAY ATTENTION to it

Question 3

Short Term Memory (STM)

Answer 3

• acoustically coded (Baddley)
• 5 - 9 items (7+/- 2) (Miller)
• duration: 18-30 seconds (Petersen)

Question 4

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 4

• repeat new information to ourselves (attention), allowing it to be kept in the STM
• prolonged MR allows info to pass into LTM
• a lack of MR causes ‘forgetting’

Question 5

LTM

Answer 5

• semantically encoded
• capacity: unlimited
• duration: 46+ years (Bahrick et al)
• ‘retrieval’ occurs in order to remember info; information passed back into STM; and remains in ‘maintenance loop’ order to be remembered

Question 6

• Eval: Oversimplification: Different LTM Types

Answer 6

• Tulving et al.
• LTM NOT a single store
• procedural memory retrieved unconsciously
• semantic received consciously

Question 7

• Eval: Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 7

• MSM suggests that amount of maintenance rehearsal determines how much information is transferred into LTM (directly proportional)
• Craik and Watkins: TYPE of Rehersal more important: elaborative rehearsal (linking knowledge) is more efficient than prolonged rehearsal

Question 8

• Eval: STM as a single store

Answer 8

• Patient KF had poor recall for auditory stimuli, but increasingly accurate recall for visual stimuli
• KF also able to differentiate and recall between both verbal and non-verbal sounds
• suggests multiple STM stores