1
Q
- Largely synonymous
- Both are collaborative processes
- The practitioner may utilize research-based strategies and practices
A
Counseling and Therapy
2
Q
- More on advising
- Involves offering guidance and support to a client
- If underlying patterns and concerns are recognized, the counselor may make a referral and recommendation to start therapy
A
Counseling
3
Q
- Can include counseling on specific issues that may arise during sessions
- Therapeutic in nature
- Longer-term process focused on long-standing attitudes, thoughts, behaviors and feelings
A
Therapy
4
Q
Dominant schools of thought in Psychology in the 1950s:
A
- Psychoanalysis
- Behaviorism
- Humanistic Perspective
5
Q
Psychoanalytic therapy (psychoanalysis)
Consists of a three-past psyche structure
A
- Id: operates on the pleasure principle
- Ego: operates in reality
- Superego: operates as a moral conscience
6
Q
Goal:
A
- Help bring the unconscious into consciousness
- Put the three areas of the personality into balance
- Enhance the functioning of the ego
7
Q
- To understand a person, you have to take the individual as summations rather than parts
- Believed that behavior depended on how one interprets their past and its
continuing influence on their present life - Believed that individual psychology is motivated by the will to power
A
Adlerian therapy
by Alfred Adler
8
Q
also called individual psychology
A
Adlerian therapy
* Short-term, goal-oriented and positive psychodynamic therapy
9
Q
Focus:
A
development of individual personality while understanding and accepting the interconnectedness of all humans
- Individual behavior should be explored within the context of a client’s sense of fitting in with their community and society at large
- Individual psychotherapy consists of encouraging clients to overcome their
- feelings of insecurity through developing keeping feelings of connectedness
10
Q
- Draws heavily on existentialist philosophy that emphasizes human freedom to define oneself and that our lives are not predetermined
- Encompasses the various forms of therapy that focus on the will to meaning
- Focuses on the human capacity to define and shape their own life
- The central problems people face are embedded in anxiety over loneliness, isolation, despair and ultimately death
- What does it mean to exist?
A
Existential therapy
11
Q
- Empowerment depends on the self and as such requires non-directive processes
- Non-directive counselors focus on the clients self-discovery rather than their inputs
- The counselor and client reflects and clarifies the verbal and nonverbal
communications of clients
A
Person-centered therapy
12
Q
- “Pattern” “form” “whole” or “put together”
A
Gestalt therapy
13
Q
- Meaning cannot be found from breaking things down into parts but rather from appreciation of the whole
- Gestalt is a holistic process which regards the individual as a totality of mind, body, emotions, and spirit who experiences reality in a way unique to themselves
- Counselors push for doing and experiencing rather than just talking about one’s feelings as a client
- Clients are encouraged to focus on self-awareness
- Clients are encouraged to engage in intellectual and physical experiences
Key element is a focus on the “here and now”
A
Gestalt therapy
14
Q
- Main uniqueness is its emphasis on decisions and contracts that must be made by the client
- Explores how people communicate and interact with one another
- Based on the idea that human interactions can be understood as transactions
- Believes that the client has the potential for choice
- Client clearly states the directions and goals of therapeutic process
- Sessions explore the individual’s personality and how it has been shaped by experience
- Ego state determines how we express ourselves as individuals, interact with each other and form relationships
A
Transactional analysis
15
Q
- Rooted in the past
- Thoughts, feelings and behaviors learnt from parents and other people
A
Parent
16
Q
- Rooted in the present
- Thoughts, feelings and behaviors learnt from our childhood
A
Child
17
Q
- Rooted in the present
- Relates to direct responses in the here and now that are not influenced by our past
A
Adult
18
Q
- Uses action-oriented methods to help people take steps to change what they are doing and thinking
- Focuses on overt behavior
- The counselor is active and directive and functions as teacher or trainer
A
Behavior therapy
19
Q
- Cognitively oriented behavior therapy
- Assumes that human beings are born with a potential for both rational or straight thinking, and irrational or corroded thinking
- Focuses on helping clients accept themselves as people who would continue to make mistakes
A
Rational emotive therapy
20
Q
- Based on choice theory
- Behavior is a choice where we might not be able to control how we feel, we can control how we think and behave
- We can choose to behave in certain ways and those choices can help or hamper the ability to satisfy essential needs and goals
A
Reality therapy
21
Q
Government Setting
Private Sectors
Civil Society Setting
School Setting
A
Setting
22
Q
- Working with various government agencies that have counseling services
- Social welfare
- Correctional department
- The court system
- Child and women affairs services
A
Government Setting
23
Q
- Counseling ranges from independent providers of services
- Life coaches
- Working for NGOs
- Specialized for profit centers and organization
A
Private Sectors
24
Q
- Generally, charities or nonprofit and issued center for organizations
- Causes:
- Abandoned children and elderly
- veterans
- Teachers
- Professionals
- Religious groups
A
Civil Society Setting
25
- School counselors are more complex since students’ needs can vary widely
- The guidance process occurs in an individual in a developmental sequence to the age of maturity
School Setting
26
* Widely considered the father of guidance counseling in the Philippines
* His institute provided the bureau of Public Schools’ teachers with learning
experiences
Dr. Sinfroso Padilla
