1
Q
Madeira
Number of miles from the coast of Portugal
A
625 miles
2
Q
torna viagem
A
“round trip”
- Reference to the lengthy ocean voyages through the tropics, where wines would be subjected to repeated heating and cooling
3
Q
What is the only other inhabited isle in the Madeira archipelago?
A
Porto Santo
- Where Madeira DOP wines may also be produced
4
Q
poios
A
basalt stone terraces
- Ring the island’s perimeter like steps on the nearly vertical mountainside
5
Q
Madeira
Most common training method
A
pergola system
- Combats the danger of fungal disease in the damp subtropical environment
6
Q
latadas
A
low trellises in a pergola system
7
Q
levadas
A
canals
- Makes agriculture possible with the abundant rainfall on the higher mountainous peaks
8
Q
Madeira
Size of average grower’s estate
A
0.3 ha
- Often separated among several plots
- Thus, production is concentrated in the hands of several large companies
9
Q
Who regulates harvesting and production methods of Madeira wines?
A
Wine, Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira (IVBAM)
10
Q
Madeira
Town where most production companies are located
A
Funchal
- Madeira’s capital
11
Q
Number of production companies registered with the IVBAM
A
8
- Faria & Filhos 1949
- H.M. Borges 1877
- Henriques & Henriques 1850
- Madeira Vintners (Cooperativa Agricola do Funchal) 2013
- Madeira Wine Company 1913 as the Madeira Wine Association, the MWC formally changed its title in 1981
- Pereira D’Oliveira 1850 as a partidista
- Vinhos Barbeito 1946
- Vinhos Justino Henriques 1870
12
Q
Number of production companies that actively export wine
A
6
13
Q
Largest company in Madeira today
A
Vinhos Justino Henriques
- Responsible for half of the island’s exports
14
Q
2nd largest company in Madeira
A
The Madeira Wine Company
15
Q
Year the Madeira Wine Company formed
A
1913
- As an association of exporters and producers
- Blandy’s
- Cossart Gordon
- Leacock’s
- Miles
16
Q
Producer of Blandy’s and Cossart Gordon
A
The Madeira Wine Company
17
Q
Largest independent producer
A
Henriques & Henriques
18
Q
The only company that owns a significant amount of vineyards
A
Henriques & Henriques
19
Q
Where are shipping companies usually based?
A
London
20
Q
Example of a Madeira trader
A
Broadbent Selections
- A company founded by Bartholomew Broadbent (son of Michael) that selects wines produced by Justino’s
21
Q
partidistas
A
partidistas - store wine and sell it at maturity to other traders for a profit, similar to almacenistas of the Sherry trade
22
Q
Madeira
Principal noble white grapes of today
A
- Sercial (Esgana Cão)
- Verdelho (Gouveio)
- Boal (Bual, Malvasia Fina)
- Malmsey (originally Malvasia Candida, now more commonly Malvasia Branca de São Jorge)
23
Q
Madeira
Most common grape used if no variety is stated on the label
A
Tinta Negra
24
Q
Island’s workhorse grape
A
Tinta Negra
- Formerly Tinta Negra Mole
- Accounts for nearly 85% of total production
25
T/F: The DOP prohibits using the name of the Tinta Negra variety on labels.
**True**
26
What % of the variety is required if labeled by vintage?
**100%**
27
Three American hybrid grapes that were introduced to Madeira during the phylloxera crisis
* **Cunningham**
* **Jacquet**
* **Isabella**
28
Two great noble varieties of the 19th century that were not replanted
* **red Bastardo**
* **white Terrantez**
29
Liters of Bastardo produced in 2010
**4.5 liters**
30
Prior to phylloxera of the 1870s, as many as 3,000 ha of vines existed on the island of Madeira; how many ha are planted today?
**just under 500 ha**
31
Varietal wines from sweetest to driest
* **Malvasia**
* **Boal**
* **Verdelho**
* **Sercial** (piercingly acidic dry wine that can often require decades to soften)
32
2 noble white varietals harvested last
**Sercial and Verdelho**
33
2 noble white varietals separated from their skins prior to fermentation
**Sercial and Verdelho**
34
*estufa*
* **Stainless steel vat**
* **Warms wine by circulating hot water through serpentine coils inside the tank**
* **Heated to a temperature of 45-40 C (113-122 F)**
35
Amount of time wine is held in an *estufa*
**min 3 months**
36
*estágio*
**Period of rest, min 90 days**
* After the Estufagem process is completed, and before the wine is transferred to cask for aging
37
*Estufagem*
Aging requirement
**2 years**
38
*armazens de calor*
**Rooms warmed by nearby tanks or steam pipes**
**vs. the direct heat of the estufa**
39
*Canteiro* method
* **Cask-aged for min 2 years in lodge attics**
* **Method used for the best wines**
* **Exposed to gentler, natural warmth of sun as it undergoes much slower process of maturation, preventing burnt caramelization of sugars and resulting bitter flavors associated with rapid heating**
40
*Canteiro*
Aging requirement
**min 3 years prior to bottling**
* Although the best Vinhos de Canteiro will remain in cask for 20 years or more
41
While Sercial wines are considered dry, they may still contain around how many grams per liter of residual sugar?
**40-45 g/l rs**
42
Madeira
## Footnote
Varietal wines that tend to be the darkest in color with age
**Boal**
43
Madeira
Sweetest and softest varietal wines
**Malvasia (Malmsey**)
44
Rainwater Madeira
Main grape
**usullay 100% Tinta Negra**
45
Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend
Reserve
Aging requirement
**min 5 yrs** (below 10 yrs)
46
Maderia Multi-Vintage Blend
Special Reserve
Aging requirement
**min 10 yrs** (below 15 yrs)
* Often made of a single noble variety, heated by the Canteiro method
47
Madeira
Colheita
Aging requirement
**min 5 years prior to bottling**
* Produced from a single vintage
* May be a blend or a single varietal wine
48
Another word sometimes used in place of Colheita
**"harvest"**
49
Vintage Madeira
Frasqueira
Aging requirement
**20 years**
* The epitome of Madeira
50
Who produced wines in the traditional Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta style as late as the early 1900s?
**Shortridge Lawton**
* Now a brand of the Madeira Wine Company
51
Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend
7 styles/aging indications
Madeira Multi-Vintage Blends
* **Rainwater**: Popular in US, usually 100% Tinta Negra, med dry, light style
* **Seleccionado**: Labeled “Finest,” “Choice,” or “Select,” includes a blended wine that is min. 3 yrs old (but below five yrs), mostly Tinta Negra, Estufagem, aged in tank rather than cask
* **Reserve (Reserva)**: min 5 yrs (below 10 yrs)
* **Special Reserve (Reserva Especial)**: min 10 yrs (below 15 yrs), often single noble variety, Canteiro
* **Extra Reserve**: min 15 yrs (below 20 yrs)
* **5 Years Old, 10 Years Old, 15 Years Old, 20 Years Old, 30 Years Old, 40 Years Old, Over 50 Years Old**
* **Solera**: Fractional blending, Canteiro, max 10% of solera's stock may be drawn off each year, and only 10 total additions may be made to each solera. Bottled with the starting date of the solera, but wines added to the solera may actually be older than the original wine—a solera on Madeira often served to extend the lifespan of a particular vintage, when there was little or no wine to sell in the following year. To accomplish this, producers refreshed soleras with stocks of older, rather than younger, wines.
52
Vintage Madeira
3 Aging Indications
Madeira with a Vintage Date
* **Colheita (Harvest)**
* min 85% of the vintage
* Aged min 5 yrs prior to bottling
* Blend or single varietal
* offers “vintage” Madeira w/o extended cask aging, complexity, or cost of true Vintage Madeira, or Frasqueira
* "harvest" is sometimes used in place of Colheita, but producers are not allowed to use the word "vintage" on labels
* **Frasqueira**
* Aged min 20 yrs cask
* may be aged longer—sometimes decades—in glass demijohns after the period of cask aging
* like Colheita, blend or single varietal
* since min 85% of the vintage is required, topped up with younger wines throughout the aging
* Canteiro
* Epitome of Madeira, one of the world’s legendary, long-lived wines
* **Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta**
* Exceptional rarity, underwent an ocean journey across the equator
* Shortridge Lawton, now a brand of the Madeira Wine Company, produced wines in this traditional style as late as the early 1900s
53
Madeira
Multi-Vintage Blend
Aging requirements
* Reserve (Reserva):
* Special Reserve (Reserva Especial):
* Extra Reserve:
Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend
* Reserve (Reserva): **min 5 yrs** **(below 10 yrs)**
* Special Reserve (Reserva Especial): **min 10 yrs (below 15 yrs)**, often single noble variety, Canteiro
* Extra Reserve: **min 15 yrs** **(below 20 yrs)**
54
Vintage Madeira
Colheita and Frasqueira
Aging Requirements
* **Colheita: min 5 yrs**
* **Frasqueira: min 20 yrs in cask**
* may be aged longer—sometimes decades—in glass demijohns after the period of cask aging
Fortified Wine
flashcards
Decks in class (5)
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