1
Q
non-drive-side cup in the bottom bracket. Removed for maintenance of the bottom-bracket spindle and bearings, and it adjusts the bearings. Sometimes also applied to the top cup of the headset.
A
adjustable cup
2
Q
a style of headset that allows the use of a fork with a threadless steering tube
A
AheadSet
3
Q
also known as an allen wrench or hex key
A
allen key
4
Q
another term for mountain bike
A
all-terrain bike (ATB)
5
Q
a bolt securing a cable to a component
A
anchor bolt or cable anchor, cable anchor bolt, cable-fixing bolt
6
Q
an American bicycle component company and parent company of Manitou
A
Answer Products
7
Q
a brake manufacturer, a subsidiary of SRAM
A
Avid
8
Q
a shaft around which a part turns, usually on bearings or bushings
A
axle
9
Q
a length of a hub axle from dropout to dropout, referring to the distance from locknut face to locknut face
A
axle overlock dimension
10
Q
a set of balls, generally made out of steel or ceramic, rolling in a track to allow a shaft to spin inside a cylindrical part
A
ball bearing
11
Q
a short handlebar extension clamped onto the end of the handlebar and extending approximately perpendicular to it
A
bar end
12
Q
a threaded cable stop that allows for fine adjustment of cable tension. Commonly found on rear derailleurs, shifters, brake levers, and dropper-post levers
A
barrel adjuster
13
Q
a conical part with a bearing race around its circumference. It presses the ball bearings against the bearing race inside the bearing cup.
A
bearing cone
14
Q
a polished, dish-shaped surface inside which ball bearings roll. The bearings roll on the outside of a bearing cone that presses them into their track inside this
A
bearing cup or headset cup
15
Q
a track or surface on which the bearings roll. It can be inside a cup, on the outside of a cone, or inside a cartridge bearing
A
bearing race
16
Q
a bolt clamping a seatpost in a frame, a bar end to a handlebar, a stem to a handlebar, or securing a threadless steering tube
A
binder bolt
17
Q
to run out of fuel for the human body so that the ability to continue strenuous activity is impaired. The state of having such low blood sugar from insufficient intake of calories that the ability to perform is impaired
A
bonk
18
Q
an assembly that allows the crank to rotate. Generally this includes bearings and an axle and on older bikes may include a fixed cup, an adjustable cup, and a lockring
A
bottom bracket (BB)
19
Q
the vertical distance between the center of the bottom bracket and a horizontal line passing through the wheel-hub centers. Equal to the wheel radius minus the bottom bracket height.
A
Bottom-bracket drop
20
Q
the height of the center of the bottom-bracket spindle above the ground
A
bottom-bracket height
21
Q
a cylindrical housing at the bottom of a bicycle frame through which the bottom-bracket axle passes
A
bottom-bracket shell
22
Q
a mechanical device that decelerates or stops the motion of the wheel through friction
A
brake
23
Q
an arch-shaped part bolted to the ends of the brake bosses to reduce the flex of the bosses and seatstays when the cantilever or V-brakes are applied
A
brake booster
24
Q
a fork or frame-mounted pivot for a brake arm
A
brake boss, or brake pivot, brake post, cantilever boss, cantilever pivot, cantilever post
25
a brake part fixed to the frame or fork containing moving parts attached to brake pads that stop or decelerate a wheel
brake caliper
26
a block of rubber or similar material used to slow the bike by creating friction on the rim, disc or other surface
brake pad or brake block
27
a metal pad holder that secures the brake pad to the brake arm
brake shoe
28
a generic term for most metal frame attachments, even those not brazed but rather welded or glued to the frame
braze-on boss
29
a method commonly used to construct steel bicycle frames. Involves the use of brass or silver solder to connect frame tubes and attach various items to the frame
brazing
30
a metal or plastic sleeve that acts as a simple bearing in pedals, suspension forks, rear shocks and shock-mounting points, suspension swingarm, derailleur pivots, and jockey wheels
bushing
31
a common type of frame tubing with varying wall thicknesses. Designed to accommodate high-stress points; ends of the tubes are thicker and other sections are thinner to reduce weight
butted tubing
32
wound or braided wire strands used to operate brakes and derailleurs
cable or inner wire
33
a cap on the end of a cable that keeps it from fraying
cable end cap
34
cable stop on a stem, headset washer, fork, or seatstay arch used to stop the brake cable housing for a cantilever or U-brake
cable hanger
35
a metal-reinforced exterior sheath through which a cable passes
cable housing or outer wire
36
a fitting on the frame, for, or stem at which a cable-housing segment terminates
cable stop or cable boss or cable-housing stop or outer wire stop
37
two guiding plates through which the chain travels. Both the front and rear derailleurs have this. on the rear also holds the jockey pulleys.
cage
38
an Italian bicycle component company
Campagnolo
39
American bicycle-component company and originator of the threadless headset
Cane Creek, originally Dia-Compe USE
40
a cable-operated rim brake consisting of two opposing arms pivoting on frame- or fork- mounted posts. Pads mounted to each brake arm are pressed against the braking surface of the rim via cable tension from the lever
cantilever brake
41
ball bearings encased in a cartridge consisting of steel inner and outer rings, ball retainers, and sometimes bearing covers
cartridge bearing
42
a group of cogs that mounts on a freehub; also, a group of chainrings that mounts on a spiderless crankarm
cassette
43
a series of metal links held together by pins and used to transmit energy from the crank to the rear wheel
chain
44
a single unit of a bicycle chain consisting of four plates with a roller on each end and in the center
chain link
45
a dragging of the chain by the chainring past the release point at the bottom of the chainring. The chain can be dragged upward until it is jammed between the chainring and the chainstay
chain suck
46
a flat piece of steel, usually attached to two lengths of chain. This tool is used to remove the rear cogs on a freehub or freewheel
chain whip or chain wrench
47
an imaginary line connecting the center of the middle chainring with the middle of the cogset. Should be straight and parallel to the vertical plane passing through the center of the bicycle. Measured as the distance from the center of the seat tube to the center of the middle chainring.
Chainline
48
a multiple-tooth sprocket attached to the right crankarm
chainring
49
a tool used to secure the chainring nuts while tightening the chainring bolts
chainring-nut tool
50
a frame tube on a bicycle connecting the bottom-bracket shell to the rear dropout and hence to the rear hub axle
chainstay
51
a C-shaped or spiral ring that fits in a groove to hold two cylindrical parts together
circlip or Jesus clip, or snapring
52
a pedal that relies on spring-loaded clips to grip a cleat attached to the bottom of the rider's shoe without the use of toeclips and straps
clip-in pedal or clipless pedal
53
a sprocket located on the drive side of the rear hub
cog
54
a diminishment of the speed of compression of a spring on impact by hydraulic or mechanical means
compression damping
55
a threaded conical nut that serves to hold a set of bearings in place and also provides a smooth surface upon which those bearings can roll. can also refer to the conical member of any cup-and-cone ball-bearing system
cone
56
the distance between the centerline of the bottom-bracket spindle and the centerline of the pedal axle
crank length
57
a lever attached at the bottom-bracket spindle and to the pedal used to transmit a rider's energy to the chain
crankarm
58
a bolt attaching the crank to the bottom-bracket spindle on a cotterless drivetrain
crankarm anchor bolt
59
an assemble that includes a bottom bracket, two crankarms, a chainring set, and accompanying nuts and bolts
crankset
60
a flat, open-end wrench head with a square hole at its base to accept the drive stub of a socket wrench or torque wrench
crowfoot wrench or socket or crow's foot
61
a cup-shaped bearing surface that surrounds the bearings in a bottom bracket, headset, or bug. Also, the upper part of the shaft-eyelet assembly of a rear shock (the big end of the shock)
cup
62
a mechanism in a suspension fork or shock that reduces the speed of the spring's oscillation movement
damper or damping cartridge
63
a reduction in speed of the oscillation of a spring, as in a suspension fork or shock
damping
64
a gear-changing device that allows a rider to move the chain from one cog or chainring to another while the bicycle is in motion
derailleur
65
a metal extension of the right rear dropout through which the rear derailleur is mounted to the frame
derailleur hanger
66
model name of Shimano electronic-shifting components
Di2
67
a traditional bicycle frame shape
diamond frame
68
a brake that stops the bike by squeezing brake pads attached to a caliper mounted to the frame or fork against a circular disc attached to the wheel
disc brake
69
a difference in spoke tension on the two sides of the rear wheel
dish or wheel dish
70
a centering of the rim in the frame or fork by adjustment of spoke tension in a wheel
dishing or wheel dishing
71
a tool to check the centering of a wheel rim relative to the axle ends
dishing tool
72
a two-chainring drivetrain setup (as opposed to a three or triple setup)
double
73
a frame tube that connects the head tube and bottom-bracket shell together
down tube
74
a flat-ended rod used for driving out bearings and bushings
drift
75
the crankarms, chainrings, bottom bracket, front derailleur, chain, rear derailleur, and freewheel or cassette
drivetrain
76
the difference in height between two parts; a terrain discontinuity you may or may not want to ride off; something not to do with your tools
drop
77
slots in the fork and rear triangle where the wheel axles attach
dropouts or fork ends or fork tips
78
a telescoping seatpost whose length can be adjusted on the fly while riding
dropper post
79
a manufacturer of spokes, other bicycle components, and tools
DT, DT Swiss
80
a protective cap keeping dirt out of a part
dust cap
81
a cone-shaped, hardened-steel tool with coarse, reverse threads to remove broken bolts. A hole is drilled into the center of the bolt, and this is inserted into the hole, and then turned with a tap handle counterclockwise
easy-out
82
a urethane spring sometimes used in suspension forks, rear shocks, suspension seatposts, and saddles
elastomer or MCU
83
a system for shifting gears on a bicycle in which the power to shift comes not from the pull on a cable but from an electric signal turning a servo motor on and off
electronic shifting
84
a rotation of the bike and rider forward over the front wheel
endo
85
a bolt that when tightened pulls a wedge up inside or alongside the part into which the bold is anchored to provide outward pressure and secure said part inside a hollow surface. Found inside quill stems and some handlebar-end plugs and shifters
expander bold
86
a part threaded onto an expander bolt. threaded down its center axis and is usually cylindrical in shape and truncated along an inclined plane or conical in shape and truncated parallel to its base
expander wedge or wedge
87
a cap for the end of cable housing
ferrule
88
a nonadjustable cup of the bottom bracket located on the drive side of the bottom bracket
fixed cup
89
largest diameter of the hub, where the spoke heads are anchored
flange
90
a part that attaches the front wheel to the frame
fork
91
a crosspiece connecting the fork legs to the steering tube
fork crown
92
perpendicular offset distance of the front axle from an imaginary extension of the steering-tube centerline
fork rake or offset or rake or wheel offset
93
the distance measured on the ground between the vertical line passing through the center of the front-hub axle (the center of the wheel contact patch) and the extension of the centerline of the head tube
fork trail or trail
94
a bicycle-suspension manufacturer that makes forks, rear shocks, and dropper posts. Parent company of RaceFace and Easton.
Fox
95
a central structure of a bicycle to which all of the parts are attached
frame
96
a rear hub that has a built-in freewheel mechanism to which the rear cogs are attached
freehub or cassette hub
97
a mechanism through which the rear cogs are attached to the rear wheel on a derailleur bicycle. locked to the hub when turned in the forward direction, but it is free to spin backward independently of the hub's movement, thus allowing the rider to stop pedaling and coast as the bicycle is moving forward
freewheel
98
a traditional non indexed shifter attached to the frame or handlebar. cable tension is maintained by a combination of friction washers and bolts
friction shifter
99
the head tube, top tube, down tube, and seat tube of a bike frame
front triangle or main triangle
100
FSA
Full Speed Ahead - a manufacturer of bike components
101
the lowest gear, generally of a triple drive-train. in this gear, the chain is on the largest rear cog and the innermost (usually of three) front chainrings
granny gear
102
a twist shifter of the SRAM Corp that is integrated with the handlebar grip of a mountain bike. Shifts gears by twisting
Grip Shift
103
a curved tube, connected to the fork via the stem, that the rider holds in order to turn the fork and thus steer the bicycle. The brake levers and shift levers are attached to it.
handlebar
104
an acute angel formed by the centerline of the head tube and the horizontal
head angle
105
a bearing system, consisting of a number of separate cylindrical parts installed into the head tube and onto the steering tube, that secures the fork and allows it to spin and swivel in the frame
headset
106
the front tube of the frame through which the steering tube of the fork passes. Attached to the top tube and down tube and contains the headset.
head tube
107
a hexagonal wrench that fits inside a hexagonal hole in the head of a bolt
hex key or allen key or allen wrench
108
the central part of a wheel to which the spokes are anchored and through which the wheel axle passes
hub
109
a disc, drum, or coaster brake that stops the wheel with friction applied to a braking surface attached to the hub
hub brake
110
a type of brake that uses fluid pressure to move the brake pads against the braking surface
hydraulic brake
111
a French tire company
Hutchinson
112
a shifter that clicks into fixed positions as it moves the derailleur from gear to gear
index shifter
113
a valve on the compression-damping system on a front or rear shock that opens upon hard impacts and otherwise stays closed, in order to distinguish between bump forces and pedaling forces and prevent the shock from bobbing up and down during pedaling. Similar to a lockout lever, but unlike a lockout, it allows the shock to still be fully active for bump absorption while engaged.
inertia valve
114
on a telescoping suspension fork, a tube, usually clamped into the fork crown, except in the case of an upside-down fork, that slides in and out of the larger-diameter outer leg as the fork compresses and rebounds.
inner leg, upper tube, inner, stanchion
115
a headset in which the bearing seats are integrated into the head tube rather than requiring separate headset cups, and the bearings are completely concealed within the head tube
integrated headset
116
a circular, cog-shaped pulley attached to the rear derailleur that is used to guide, apply tension to, and laterally move the chain from rear cog to rear cog
jockey wheel or jockey pulley
117
an all-terrain tire used on mountain bikes
knobby tire
118
amount the rear axle moves vertically on a full-suspension bike with a given amount of movement of the shock shaft
leverage ratio
119
a pivoting steel hook on a V-brake arm that the cable-guide "noodle" hooks into
link
120
a notched or toothed washer that serves to hold surrounding nuts and washers in position
lock washer
121
a nut that serves to hold the bearing adjustment in a headset, hub, or pedal
locknut
122
a valve on the compression-damping system on a front or rear shock that prevents the shock from compressing. Modern shocked usually have a blowoff system that will allow the compression-damping circuit to open with a large impact to prevent the shock from being damaged on bit hits while this is engaged
lockout
123
a large circular locknut. on a bottom bracket, it is the outer ring that tightens the adjustable cup against the face of the bottom-bracket shell. on a rear shock, this is the threaded ring that tightens the coil spring on a coil-over shock or is used to secure the fore-aft position of the shock body on some air shocks. On a freehub, this holds the cogs on. On a CenterLock disc brake-compatible hub, this secures the rotor to the hub shell.
lockring
124
a style of rear derailleur pioneered by shimano in which the return spring is connected to the opposite vertices of the rear derailleur's parallelogram linkage elements compared to the setup for a standard rear derailleur. This arrangement results in the derailleur's moving to the low-gear position (the largest, most inboard rear cog) when the cable tension is removed, rather than to the high-gear position (the smallest, most outboard cog), as on a standard rear derailleur
low normal or rapid rise
125
a German brake company
Magura
126
an American suspension-fork and component company, subsidiary of Answer Products
Manitou
127
an Italian Suspension-fork and component company
Marzocchi
128
a piston chamber at the lever end of a hydraulic brake system
master cylinder
129
a detachable link that holds the chain together. Can be opened by hand without a chain tool
master link
130
a French wheel and bicycle-component company
Mavic
131
a tool for measuring the outside dimensions of an object or the inside dimensions of a hole by means of movable jaws
measuring caliper
132
a French tire company
Michelin
133
a bolt that mounts a part to a frame, fork, or component
mounting bolt, pivot bolt
134
a steel cylindrical cartridge with rod-shaped rollers arranged coaxially around the inside walls
needle bearing
135
a thin nut designed to receive the end of a spoke and seat it in the holes of a rim. a flared typ of a hydraulic caliper bleed fitting onto which a bleed hose can be attached
nipple
136
a curved cable-guide pipe on a V-brake arm that stops the cable housing and directs the cable to the cable anchor bolt on the opposite arm
noodle
137
in a telescoping suspension fork, a tube, often cast from magnesium and attached to the front-wheel axle, except in the case of an upside-down fork, that slides up and down over the smaller-diameter inner leg as the fork compresses and rebounds.
outer leg, casting, fork casting, outer, or slider
138
a platform the foot pushes on to propel the bicycle
pedal
139
an overlapping of the toe with the front wheel while pedaling
pedal overlap, toe overlap, or toeclip overlap
140
a highly damped low-speed compression circuit on a rear shock or suspension fork designed to reduce pedal-induced bobbing as well as keep the suspension high during braking and while riding berms and dips
pedal platform
141
the lateral distance between the feet while pedaling. the distance measured between the two vertical planes defined by the inboard side of each shoe at the first metatarsal as they move around the pedaling circle
pedaling stance
142
a V-shaped wrench with two tip-end pins. often used for tightening the adjustable cup of the bottom bracket or other lockrings
pin spanner
143
a pin about which a part rotates through a bearing or bushing. found on brakes, derailleurs, and rear-suspension systems
pivot
144
a bolt on which another part pivots
pivot bolt
145
a thin, metal tire valve that uses a locking nut to prevent air from escaping from the inner tube or tire
Presta valve
146
the distance from the outer face of one crankarm at the pedal hole to the plane formed by the outer face of the other crankarm at the pedal hole as it spins. measured normal to this plane.
Q factor
147
a tightening lever and shaft used to attach a wheel to the fork or rear dropouts without using axle nuts; a quick-opening lever and shaft pinching the seatpost inside the seat tube in lieu of a wrench-operated bolt; a quick cable release on a brake; a fixing mechanism that can be quickly opened and closed as on a brake cable or wheel axle; any anchor bolt that can be quickly opened and closed by a lever
quick-release
148
a vertical tube of a stem for a threaded headset system that inserts into the fork steering tube. It has an expander wedge and bolt inside to secure the stem to the steering tube
quill
149
a stem with a quill to insert inside a threaded fork steering tube
quill stem
150
a circular track on which bearings roll freely
race, bearing race
151
A Canadian bicycle-component company
Race Face
152
an indexing shifter manufactured by Shimano for use on mountain bikes with two separate levers operating each shift cable
Rapidfire shifter
153
a rear part of the bicycle frame that includes the seatstays, the chainstays, and the seat tube
rear triangle
154
a diminishing of speed of return of a spring by hydraulic or mechanical means
rebound damping
155
an outer hoop of a wheel to which the tire is attached
rim
156
a handlebar with a double bend on each side of the stem clamp so that the grips are higher than the stem
riser bar
157
an American bicycle and bicycle-component company
Ritchey
158
an American suspension-fork and component company, subsidiary of SRAM
RockShox
159
a brake system using pulleys and a cam to force the brake pads against the rim surface
roller-cam brakes
160
a platform made of leather and/or plastic upon which the rider sits
saddle, seat
161
the amount the front or rear shock compresses with the rider's weight static on the bike. Its purpose is to preload the shock so that it forces the rear wheel down into the ground when the bike is unweighted after a bump, thus increasing tire contact and traction in rough terrain
sag or ride height
162
a high-pressure air valve with a spring-loaded air-release pin inside. Found on some bicycle inner tubes and tubeless tires, on air-sprung suspension forks and rear shock, and on automobile tires and tubes
Schrader valve
163
a bearing enclosed in a protective seal in an attempt to keep contaminants out
sealed bearing
164
an acute angle formed by the centerline of the seat tube and the horizontal
seat angle
165
an intersection of the seat tube, top tube, and seatstays
seat cluster
166
a frame tube into which the seatpost is inserted
seat tube
167
a tubular member supporting, securing, and allowing height adjustment of the saddle
seatpost
168
a frame tube on a bicycle connecting the seat tube or the rear shock to the rear dropout and hence to the rear hub axle
seatstay
169
a thin element inserted between two parts to ensure that they are the proper distance apart. can be a thin washer and can be used to space a disc-brake caliper away from the frame or fork or to space a bottom-bracket cup away from the frame's bottom-bracket shell. can also be a thin piece of metal used to make a seatpost fit more tightly inside the seat tube. can also be small, thin discs found inside suspension forks and rear shocks to control suspension movement by permitting or hindering passage of hydraulic fluid through an orifice
shim
170
a Japanese bicycle-component company and maker of XTR, XT, Saint, LX, and STX component lines as well as Rapidfire, SPD, and STI
Shimano
171
a trail with a single furrow made for feet or two-wheeled vehicle, as opposed to a road or doubletrack, which has a track for each pair of wheels
singletrack
172
a long rod; a hub quick-release; a shaft passing through a stack of elastomer bumpers in a suspension fork
skewer
173
a piston chamber in the caliper of a hydraulic brake
slave cylinder
174
a brand of tire sealant consisting of chopped fibers in a liquid medium injected inside a tire or inner tube to flow to and fill small air leaks
Slime
175
What type of pliers are mentioned?
Needle-nose pliers
176
What tools are included for metric measurements?
Folding metric hex keys
177
What types of wrenches are specified?
Metric open-end/box-end wrenches
178
How many standard screwdrivers are recommended?
One of each size: small, medium, and large
179
How many Phillips-head screwdrivers are suggested?
One small and one medium
180
What is the recommended quantity of plastic tire levers?
Set of three
181
What should be carried as spare tubes?
At least two spare tubes of the same size and valve type as those on your bike
182
What is advised for coating the inside of tires?
Container of talcum powder
183
What is a precaution regarding talcum powder?
Do not inhale this stuff
184
What cleaning supply is mentioned?
Rubbing alcohol
185
What tool is necessary for shock adjustment?
Shock pump
186
What type of patch kit is recommended?
One that comes with sandpaper, not a metal scratcher
187
What type of patches should the patch kit include?
Patches with soft orange rubber backing to the black rubber
188
How often should you check the glue in your patch kit?
At least every year and a half
189
What is a practical item to take on rides for repairs?
A little packet of glueless patches
190
True or False: Glueless patches work as well as standard patches.
False
191
What is a 6-inch adjustable wrench also known as?
Crescent wrench
192
What types of pliers are recommended?
Regular and needle-nose
193
List the sizes included in a set of metric hex keys.
* 2.5mm
* 3mm
* 4mm
* 5mm
* 6mm
* 8mm
* 10mm
194
What are folding sets of hex keys known for?
Keeping wrenches organized but not strong enough for larger sizes
195
Which sizes of metric open-end/box-end wrenches are included?
* 7mm
* 8mm
* 9mm
* 10mm
* 13mm
* 14mm
* 15mm
* 17mm
196
What is a 15mm pedal wrench characterized by?
Thinner and longer than a standard wrench, thicker and stronger than a cone wrench
197
What tool is used for disconnecting and reconnecting bike chains?
Chain tool
198
What is the purpose of a chain-elongation gauge?
To monitor the condition of the chain
199
What should a spoke wrench match in size?
The size of the nipples on the bike's wheels
200
What are pad spacers used for?
To prevent pushing the pads out too far when the wheel is out
201
What type of grease is recommended for bicycle maintenance?
Bicycle grease
202
What should be avoided when using automotive grease?
Using it on suspension forks, shocks, or in twist shifters
203
What type of chain lubricant is preferred?
Nonaerosol drip bottle
204
What is the use of rubbing alcohol in bike maintenance?
For cleaning disc-brake pads, rotors, and installing handlebar grips
205
What is a recommended quantity of rags for bike maintenance?
A lot of rags
206
What are the two types of valve mentioned?
* Presta
* Schrader
207
What additional item is needed for air-sprung suspension forks or rear shocks?
Shock pump
208
What is important about a shock pump's head?
It should have a no-leak head
209
What does Level 2 Tool Kit include beyond Level 1?
* Portable bike stand
* Shop apron
* Tire pressure gauge
210
Why is a tire pressure gauge preferred over a pump gauge?
It is more accurate for getting pressure exact
211
What is recommended for organizing a workspace for bike maintenance?
Creating a well-organized workspace with a shop bench
212
What is a hacksaw used for?
Removing snaprings from suspension components
## Footnote
A hacksaw with a fine-toothed blade is effective for precise cuts.
213
What are cone wrenches used for?
Loose-bearing hubs
## Footnote
Standard sizes include 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, and 16mm.
214
What sizes are included in a set of metric socket wrenches?
7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 13mm, 14mm, and 15mm
## Footnote
These sizes cover a wide range of bicycle components.
215
What is the purpose of a crank puller?
Removing crankarms
## Footnote
It is particularly useful for old, three-piece cranksets.
216
What tool is needed for removing cogs from the rear hub?
Cassette lockring tool
## Footnote
This tool is essential for maintaining the drivetrain.
217
What is a chain whip used for?
Holding cogs while loosening the cassette lockring
## Footnote
It prevents the cog from spinning during removal.
218
What type of grease is specifically mentioned for Grip Shift shifters?
Silicone-based grease
## Footnote
This type of grease is recommended for optimal performance.
219
Which tool is used for both Schrader and Presta valves?
Valve core removers
## Footnote
These are essential for tire service and shock maintenance.
220
What is the function of a bench vise in bike maintenance?
Securing components while working on them
## Footnote
Especially useful for working on rear shocks.
221
Fill in the blank: A _______ is used for tightening or loosening a chainring bolt.
Chainring-nut tool
## Footnote
This tool holds the nut in place during the process.
222
What type of tool is needed for external-bearing bottom brackets?
Oversize splined wrench
## Footnote
This tool is necessary for removing the cups.
223
True or False: Snapring pliers are used for threaded bottom brackets.
False
## Footnote
They are intended for unthreaded bottom brackets with snapring service.
224
What is the purpose of tire sealant?
Setting up tubeless tires or installing in inner tubes for puncture protection
## Footnote
It helps maintain air pressure and prevents flat tires.
225
What type of hammer is recommended for bike maintenance?
Medium ball-peen hammer
## Footnote
Useful for various tasks requiring a striking tool.
226
What is assembly paste used for?
Especially for seatposts
## Footnote
It helps in preventing seizing and aids in future disassembly.
227
What tool is used for cutting coaxial shift cable housing?
Cable cutter
## Footnote
This tool allows for clean cuts without crushing the housing.
228
What type of pliers are referred to as Channellock pliers?
Adjustable pliers
## Footnote
They are useful for gripping and turning various components.
229
Fill in the blank: A _______ is needed for freeing stuck parts.
Penetrating oil or ammonia
## Footnote
These substances help to loosen rusted or seized components.
230
What items are essential for cleaning a dirty machine?
* Tape
* Safety glasses
* Rubber dish gloves or cheap latex gloves
* Buckets
* Large brushes
* Sponges
* Degreaser
* Dish soap or bike cleaner
## Footnote
These items help ensure that a machine is cleaned effectively and safely.
231
What is the primary function of a parts-washing tank?
To clean bike parts using an environmentally safe degreaser
## Footnote
Used solvent must be disposed of responsibly.
232
What tool is needed to free stuck parts and press in others?
Large bench-mounted vise
233
What type of pliers are necessary for bike maintenance?
Master link pliers
234
What is a shop chain tool used for?
Works on 6-speed to 12-speed chains
235
What tool is used for installing headset cups?
Headset press
236
What is the purpose of a fork-crown race punch?
For installing the fork-crown race of the headset
237
What does the headset cup remover rocket do?
Removes headset cups and PF30 bottom brackets
238
What is the function of a PF24 bottom-bracket-remover rocket?
Removes smaller bottom brackets
239
Fill in the blank: A _______ installation tool is used for threadless headsets.
Star-nut
240
What type of hammer should be used to prevent damage to parts?
Soft hammer (rubber, plastic, or wooden mallet)
241
What sizes of large sockets are necessary for working on suspension forks?
* 22mm
* 24mm
* 26mm
* 28mm
242
What is the purpose of torque wrenches in bike maintenance?
To check proper bolt tightness and prevent damage
243
What types of drive bits are recommended for bike maintenance?
* Torx
* Metric hex square-drive bits
* ¼-inch hex drive bits in various types
244
What is the Park IR-1 or IR-1.2 internal wire routing kit used for?
To route shift and brake cables through the frame
245
What sizes of metric taps are included in the recommended set?
* 5mm x 0.8mm
* 6mm x 1mm
* 10mm x 1mm
246
What is the function of a truing stand?
For truing and building wheels
247
What are through-axle adapters used for?
To hold a through-axle wheel securely while truing
248
What is the purpose of a dishing tool?
To check that a wheel is properly centered
249
What tools are necessary for spoke maintenance?
* Spoke wrenches of all sizes
* Specialty spoke wrench for splined or oversized nipples
250
What does a rotor truing gauge do?
Checks rotor alignment
251
What is the function of rotor-alignment forks?
For straightening out-of-true disc-brake rotors
252
What is needed for bleeding hydraulic brakes?
A bleed kit
253
What is the purpose of a brake bleed block?
To keep pistons pushed back while bleeding disc brakes
## Footnote
It can be substituted with plastic grooved blocks for clamping hydraulic hose.
254
What tool is used for adjusting Mavic hubs?
Pin spanner
255
What is a telescoping or articulating magnet used for?
To pick up dropped parts or small tools
256
What is a chain keeper used for?
Attaches to dropout to run chain over for cleaning drivetrain with wheel off
257
What is the function of a Vise Whip or chain whip?
For disassembling old-style 6- and 7-speed cogsets or freewheels
258
What types of freewheel removers are mentioned?
For Shimano, Sachs, and Sun-Tour freewheels
259
What two qualities are emphasized for successful bike repair?
Patience and willingness to work and rework jobs
260
What spare parts should you have on hand for bike repairs?
* Several sizes of ball bearings
* Zip-ties
* Spare cables
* Cable housing
* Cable-end caps
* Spare tires
* Tubes
* Chains
* Master links
* Cogsets
261
What items are necessary if working on suspension forks, rear shocks, and hydraulic brakes?
Spare hoses, seals, and fittings
262
What is carbon-grip compound used for?
For clamping carbon seat-posts and handlebars
263
List some various fluids required for certain bike jobs.
* Hydraulic brake fluids
* Hydraulic suspension oils and greases
* Threadlock fluid
* Titanium antiseize compound
* Outboard-motor gear oil
* Specialty freehub lubricants
264
What type of bike stand is recommended for serious bike mechanics?
Euro-style race team mechanic's bike stand
265
What does the Euro-style mechanic's bike stand support?
The bottom bracket and clamps either the fork ends or the rear dropouts without the wheel on
266
What is the purpose of an antitwist tool?
Preventing twisting bladed (aero) spokes during truing
267
What does a spoke tension gauge check for?
Proper spoke tension
268
What is the function of a hydraulic brake-hose cutter?
Getting an optimal square cut and reducing the likelihood of fluid leaks
269
What is a heavy-duty shop-grade headset press used for?
Pressing in headsets and bottom brackets into threadless bottom-bracket shells
270
True or False: A slotted spoke holder is used to prevent flat spokes from rotating during wheel truing.
True
271
What tool is used to remove headset fork-crown races without damaging the fork crown?
Park universal fork-crown race remover
272
Fill in the blank: A _______ is used for cutting handlebars off straight without a hacksaw.
Tubing cutter
273
What does a caliper with vernier, dial, or digital measurement measure?
Parts in order to optimize function
274
What is the purpose of a BB30 reamer?
Perfecting the fit of bearings in BB30 shell
275
What do splined bottom bracket sockets assist with?
Tightening cups with a torque wrench
276
What is the significance of using a crowfoot wrench at 90 degrees to the torque wrench handle?
It does not significantly change the torque setting
277
What is the purpose of dropout-alignment tools?
Aligning dropouts or fork ends
278
What does a cog-wear indicator gauge determine?
If cogs are worn out
279
What are feeler gauges used for?
Precisely adjusting postmount disc brakes
280
What is an air compressor with a quick-connect fitting used for?
Overhauling disc brakes and seating tubeless tires
281
What does a bent-shaft spoke nipple screwdriver achieve?
Faster spoke lacing when building wheels
282
What is the use of an electric drill with a drill bit set in bike maintenance?
Various drilling tasks
283
What tool delivers fast and accurate inflation?
Air compressor
284
Which calipers are used to upgrade Park TS-2 or 2.2 for 29-inch wheels?
Large wheel truing-stand calipers (Park #238K)
285
What is the purpose of truing-stand extensions with integrated through-axle adapters?
Upgrade Park TS-2 or 2.2 for truing super-tall wheels or fat-bike wheels
286
What does a dial indicator attach to for rotor alignment checks?
Rotor-truing gauge
287
What tool is used to monitor chain length over time?
Digital chain-elongation gauge
288
What does Pedro's Chain Checker Plus isolate?
Pin wear to ensure measurement of chain elongation
289
What is the purpose of a bearing-press kit?
Installing cartridge bearings in hubs, rear-suspension pivots, and bottom brackets
290
What does a bearing-extractor kit do?
Removes bearings from blind holes
291
What is a wiper-seal driver used for?
Installing wiper seals atop suspension-fork lower legs
292
What tool is used for freeing the damper shaft from the lower fork leg?
Fox damper-removal tool
293
What does a DU-bushing tool do?
Removes and installs bushings in rear-shock eyelets
294
What are fixed-torque drivers preset for?
4 N-m, 5 N-m, or 6 N-m
295
True or False: Fixed-torque drivers ratchet freely when their torque setting is reached.
True
296
What is the purpose of the Shimano TL-EW02 tool?
For plugging in and unplugging Di2 electronic-shift wires
## Footnote
Di2 refers to Shimano's electronic shifting system.
297
What is the function of the Shimano TL-FDM905 tool?
To replace the front-derailleur cage
## Footnote
The front-derailleur cage can be purchased as a separate part.
298
What do the Shimano TL-FC35 and TL-FC17 tools help with?
Crank removal and bearing preload adjustment for XTR FC-M970 crank
## Footnote
These tools are specialized for specific Shimano crank models.
299
What are easy outs used for?
Removing broken screws and rear shock spacers
## Footnote
Easy outs are also known as spiral-flute screw extractors.
300
What is a recommended practice for setting up your home shop?
Keep the area clean and well organized
## Footnote
A clean shop enhances the enjoyment of working on bikes.
301
What are effective ways to organize tools in a home shop?
Hanging tools on a pegboard, placing them in bins or trays
## Footnote
Organization helps in quickly finding tools, making work easier.
302
What items should you carry while riding?
Chain tool, small screwdriver, compact hex key set, Torx 725 wrench, open-end wrenches, multitool, tire pump, patch kit, tire levers, shock pump, plastic pad spacers, spare tube, spare derailleur hanger, spare chain links, identification, cell phone, cash
## Footnote
These items ensure you're prepared for various mechanical issues on the trail.
303
Fill in the blank: A good multitool can replace some or all of the preceding items but with less _______.
weight and bulk.
304
What should you check about your patch kit?
Make sure the glue has not dried up
## Footnote
It is recommended to check at least every year and a half.
305
Why should you carry plastic pad spacers if your bike has hydraulic disc brakes?
To prevent the pistons from coming out too far if the brake lever is squeezed
## Footnote
This is important if the bike needs to be transported with the wheels off.
306
What should you ensure about your spare tube?
The valve matches your bike and pump
## Footnote
Keeping the tube in a plastic bag helps prevent deterioration.
307
True or False: You should carry a spare derailleur hanger that fits your frame in case of a crash.
True.
308
What should you carry for cash while riding?
For obvious reasons, and as a temporary patch for sidewall cuts in tires.
309
What is a useful item to keep your hands clean during biking?
Wet wipes or latex gloves
## Footnote
These items help maintain hygiene while on the road.
310
What should you carry for long or multiday biking trips?
Proper amounts of food, water, and extra clothes
## Footnote
These are essential for sustaining energy and comfort during extended trips.
311
What tool is sized to your bike's spoke nipples?
Spoke wrench
## Footnote
A necessary tool for wheel maintenance.
312
What innovative spare part can be used for emergency repairs on a long ride?
Folding spoke made from Kevlar
## Footnote
This lightweight spoke is designed for durability and convenience.
313
What is another essential spare part to carry on long trips?
Another spare tube
## Footnote
Having an extra tube can save time and hassle in case of a flat tire.
314
What is a sealant-filled quick aerosol inflator used for?
To rehabilitate a tube or tubeless tire with a slow leak
## Footnote
This tool allows for quick repairs without needing to replace the tube immediately.
315
What type of lubricant is recommended for bike chains?
Small plastic bottle of chain lube
## Footnote
Regular lubrication helps maintain the bike's performance.
316
What is the purpose of carrying a small tube of grease?
To lubricate various bike components
## Footnote
Grease is essential for maintaining parts that experience friction.
317
What tool is useful for pedal maintenance?
Compact 15mm pedal wrench
## Footnote
This tool is necessary unless the pedals don't have wrench flats.
318
What can pliers be used for during bike repairs?
Numerous purposes
## Footnote
Pliers are versatile tools for gripping and manipulating various parts.
319
What can wire and/or a small bungee cord be used for?
All kinds of things
## Footnote
These items provide flexibility for securing gear or making temporary fixes.
320
What is duct tape often compared to?
The Force
## Footnote
It has both a light side and a dark side, symbolizing its versatility and strength.
321
Why should you carry more money or its plastic equivalent on a biking trip?
It can get you out of lots of scrapes
## Footnote
Having cash or cards allows for purchases in emergencies.
322
What is the purpose of carrying matches on a long biking trip?
In case you might be stranded overnight
## Footnote
Matches can be used for warmth or cooking food.
323
What type of blanket is recommended for emergencies?
Lightweight, aluminized, folding emergency blanket
## Footnote
This blanket provides insulation and can be compactly stored.
324
What type of gear should be included for rain protection?
Rain gear
## Footnote
Proper rain gear keeps you dry and comfortable during inclement weather.
325
What is a satellite communicator used for?
Sends and receives texts and emails, sends SOS signals, receives weather forecasts, and allows tracking
## Footnote
Devices like the Garmin InReach enhance safety in remote areas.
326
What is the recommended type of headlight for biking?
Lightweight unit that clips onto the handlebar or a headlamp
## Footnote
An extra battery for the headlight is advisable for longer rides.
327
What is a small flashlight useful for during biking?
To help find things in the dark if your headlight dies
## Footnote
A compact LED flashlight is practical for emergencies.
328
What is essential to take along for a bike-centered vacation?
Level 1 Tool Kit, headset wrenches, duct tape, and sandpaper
## Footnote
These items prepare you for various bike maintenance needs.
329
Why is it essential to check your bike before riding?
To ensure safety and avoid delays due to parts failure
## Footnote
Regular checks can also prevent injury risks associated with riding a poorly maintained bike.
330
What basic maintenance skills should a cyclist have?
Ability to take the wheels off and put them back on
## Footnote
This skill is crucial for transporting the bike and dealing with issues like flat tires.
331
What is the most important aspect of bike maintenance mentioned?
Keeping the chain and a few other parts clean
## Footnote
Clean components enhance the enjoyment of each ride.
332
What are the three cleaning and maintenance procedures mentioned?
1. Preride inspection
2. Mechanical work
3. Basic cleaning
## Footnote
These procedures are fundamental for smooth bike operation.
333
What tools are needed for the maintenance work in this chapter?
No special tools beyond level 1
## Footnote
Basic tools are sufficient for performing the maintenance tasks.
334
What should you check regarding quick-release levers or axle nuts?
Ensure they are tight
## Footnote
They secure the front and rear hub axles to the dropouts.
335
How can you check the brake pads for wear?
For disc brakes, look into the caliper slot; for rim brakes, check the molded-in grooves
## Footnote
The pad material should be at least the thickness of a dime.
336
What should you verify about the brake mounts?
Ensure they are securely mounted and all bolts are tight
## Footnote
This applies to both disc and rim brakes.
337
What should happen when you squeeze the brake levers with rim brakes?
Pads should bring flat against the rims without hitting the tires
## Footnote
For disc brakes, pads should contact the rotor.
338
True or False: Performing a preride inspection can help avoid parts failure.
True
## Footnote
Regular inspections are crucial for maintaining bike safety.
339
Fill in the blank: Keeping the _______ clean will enhance enjoyment of each ride.
chain
## Footnote
Regular cleaning of key components is important for bike maintenance.
340
What should you check for when spinning the wheels?
Look for wobbles along the rims and ensure rims do not rub on brake pads
## Footnote
If a tire wobbles excessively, it may not be fully seated in the rim.
341
What is the proper tire pressure range for most mountain bike tires?
Between 30 and 60 pounds per square inch (psi)
## Footnote
Tubeless tires can run well below 30 psi.
342
What is the recommended tire pressure for fat-bike tires?
5-8 psi, with pressures as low as 2 psi for riding in snow
343
What should you check for on the tires?
Excessive wear, cracking, or gashes
344
How often should the chain be replaced on a mountain bike?
About every 500 to 1,000 miles of off-road riding or every 2,000 miles of paved riding
345
What should you ensure about the handlebar and stem?
They are tight and the stem is aligned with the front tire
346
What indicates smooth gear shifting?
The chain should not skip or shift by itself and each click of the shifter moves the chain over one sprocket
347
What should you check the chain for?
Rust, dirt, stiff links, or noticeable signs of wear
348
What should you do when applying the front brake and pushing the bike?
Check that the headset is tight and does not make clunking noises
349
What is required for transporting a mountain bike easily?
Removing the front wheel
350
What are the mechanisms used to remove the front wheel?
Hub quick-release skewer, through-axle mechanism, bolt-on skewer, axle nuts
351
What is a crucial step when dealing with hydraulic disc brakes?
Do not squeeze the lever when there is neither a disc nor a travel spacer between the pads
352
What do travel spacers do in hydraulic disc brakes?
Keep the brake pistons from traveling too far
353
How do most rim brakes allow the tire to pass?
They have a mechanism to release the brake arms
354
Fill in the blank: The chain should be clean and _______.
lubricated
355
True or False: The chain should be replaced more frequently on paved riding than off-road riding.
False
356
What are V-brakes also known as?
Sidepull cantilevers
## Footnote
V-brakes are a type of rim brake commonly used on bicycles.
357
How are V-brakes released?
By pulling the end of the curved cable-guide tube (noodle) out of the horizontal link atop one of the brake arms while holding the link or squeezing the pads against the rim
## Footnote
This action allows the brake to disengage from the rim.
358
What is the method for releasing most cantilever brakes?
By pulling the enlarged head of the straddle cable out of a notch in the top of the brake arm while holding the pads against the rim
## Footnote
Cantilever brakes are another type of rim brake.
359
How are roller-cam brakes released?
By pulling the cam down and out from between the two rollers while holding the pads against the rim
## Footnote
Roller-cam brakes are a specific type of rim brake.
360
What is the release method for many linkage brakes?
Released in the same way as V-brakes or cantilever brakes
## Footnote
Linkage brakes utilize a similar mechanism for disengagement.
361
What is required to release hydraulic rim brakes?
Detaching the U-shaped brake booster connecting the piston cylinders together, followed by unscrewing or quick-releasing one wheel cylinder
## Footnote
This process is distinct due to the hydraulic system involved.
362
What is the first step in detaching a wheel with a quick-release skewer?
Pull outward on the quick-release lever to open it
## Footnote
This step is essential for loosening the skewer.
363
What should be done after opening the quick-release lever?
Unscrew the nut on the opposite end of the skewer's shaft until both the nut and the head of the skewer clear the fork's wheel-retention tabs
## Footnote
This ensures the wheel can be safely removed.
364
What do most mountain bike forks have to retain the wheel?
A wheel-retention system consisting of nubs or bent tabs on the fork ends (dropouts) or an axle washer with a bent tooth hooked into a hole in the dropout
## Footnote
These features prevent the wheel from falling out if the quick-release loosens.
365
What is the method for removing a wheel with a non-quick-release bolt-on skewer?
Unscrew the skewer with a 5mm hex key until the head and the nut clear the wheel-retention tabs on the dropouts
## Footnote
This method differs from the quick-release system.
366
What are through-axles?
Extra-long hub axles that fit directly through the hub-cartridge bearings and screw or clamp directly into the dropouts
367
What is the diameter of front through-axles?
Generally 15mm or 20mm
368
What advantages do through-axles provide over quick-release skewers?
Stiffen the fork against lateral and twisting flex and offer a higher degree of safety against the wheel falling out
369
How do closed ends of fork dropouts contribute to safety?
They prevent the braking force applied to the hub rotor from pushing the axle out of the dropouts
370
What improvements does a fork with a through-axle offer?
Improved tracking and steering as well as smoother up-and-down action
371
What is a necessity for an 'upside-down' fork?
A through-axle
372
Why is a brace not possible with an upside-down fork?
The wheel moves up and down with the inner legs, making it impossible to have a brace between the lower legs
373
What are the common traits of through-axle systems?
The axle is part of the fork, not the wheel, and all 15mm through-axle hubs have the same inside diameter of bearings
374
What is the general shape of traditional through-axles?
Resemble a long bolt that clamps into the fork's dropouts
375
What are the typical features of the ends of traditional through-axles?
Usually round, but may also be hex-shaped
376
How do clamp-in through-axles typically secure themselves?
They have a bolt system on the opposite end from the head to draw the ends toward each other
377
What is the function of pinch bolts in traditional through-axles?
Tighten the dropouts around the ends of the axle once it is fully installed
378
What is a quick-release through-axle?
A through-axle with a lever on the end to release it
379
How does the lever on a quick-release through-axle function?
It can be used to screw the axle out of or into the opposite dropout
380
What does flipping the lever closed on a quick-release through-axle do?
Either expands the axle inside its through-hole to secure it or squeezes the dropouts against the hub-axle ends
381
True or False: A quick-release through-axle can be as quick to use as a quick-release skewer.
True
382
Fill in the blank: A through-axle is all that ties the lower legs of an _______ fork together.
[upside-down]
383
What is the first step to remove a quick-release through-axle on all forks except Manitou?
Flip open the lever fully
## Footnote
Ensure the lever engages the cutout to unscrew the axle properly.
384
How do you remove a Manitou QR15 HexLock Thru Axle?
Flip open the lever fully and rotate it counterclockwise 90 degrees
## Footnote
This action causes the lever to pop out slightly, allowing you to pull the axle straight out.
385
What is the process to remove a traditional draw-bolt through-axle?
Loosen the clamp bolts or levers, unscrew the draw bolt, and pull the axle out
## Footnote
Ensure to also loosen the pinch bolts to free the axle head.
386
What steps are needed to remove a threaded, clamp-in through-axle?
Loosen all clamp bolts on both dropouts and unscrew the entire axle
## Footnote
This allows you to pull the axle out completely.
387
What is the first step in detaching a wheel with axle nuts?
Unscrew the nuts on the axle ends using a 15mm wrench
## Footnote
Remember the unscrewing direction: counterclockwise for loosening.
388
What must you do after loosening the axle nuts enough to clear the retention tabs?
Pull the wheel out
## Footnote
Ensure the wheel-retention system is disengaged.
389
What is the first action to take when detaching a wheel on a Cannondale Lefty fork?
Remove the disc brake caliper using a 5mm hex key or Torx T25 wrench
## Footnote
You only need to loosen the bolts, not remove them completely.
390
What tool is required to unscrew the axle bolt on a Cannondale Lefty fork?
A 5mm or 6mm hex key
## Footnote
This is essential for the axle bolt removal process.
391
What is the first step to remove a quick-release through-axle on all forks except Manitou?
Flip open the lever fully
## Footnote
Ensure the lever engages the cutout to unscrew the axle properly.
392
How do you remove a Manitou QR15 HexLock Thru Axle?
Flip open the lever fully and rotate it counterclockwise 90 degrees
## Footnote
This action causes the lever to pop out slightly, allowing you to pull the axle straight out.
393
What is the process to remove a traditional draw-bolt through-axle?
Loosen the clamp bolts or levers, unscrew the draw bolt, and pull the axle out
## Footnote
Ensure to also loosen the pinch bolts to free the axle head.
394
What steps are needed to remove a threaded, clamp-in through-axle?
Loosen all clamp bolts on both dropouts and unscrew the entire axle
## Footnote
This allows you to pull the axle out completely.
395
What is the first step in detaching a wheel with axle nuts?
Unscrew the nuts on the axle ends using a 15mm wrench
## Footnote
Remember the unscrewing direction: counterclockwise for loosening.
396
What must you do after loosening the axle nuts enough to clear the retention tabs?
Pull the wheel out
## Footnote
Ensure the wheel-retention system is disengaged.
397
What is the first action to take when detaching a wheel on a Cannondale Lefty fork?
Remove the disc brake caliper using a 5mm hex key or Torx T25 wrench
## Footnote
You only need to loosen the bolts, not remove them completely.
398
What tool is required to unscrew the axle bolt on a Cannondale Lefty fork?
A 5mm or 6mm hex key
## Footnote
This is essential for the axle bolt removal process.
399
What is the first step in installing the front wheel with a disc brake?
Lower the dropouts down onto the hub ends so that the slot in the brake caliper slides down over the rotor
## Footnote
Ensure that the rotor does not dislodge either pad.
400
What should you do with the brake when installing the front wheel with rim brakes?
Leave the brake open and lower the fork onto the wheel
## Footnote
This allows the bike's weight to push the dropouts down onto the hub axle.
401
What is the purpose of ensuring that the axle ends are fully seated in the dropouts?
To properly secure the wheel and center the rim in the fork
## Footnote
Some older through-axle forks may not have lips to assist with centering.
402
How should the quick-release skewer be treated?
It should not be treated as a glorified wing nut
## Footnote
Proper handling is essential for effective wheel installation.
403
What are the steps to tighten a quick-release skewer?
1. Hold the lever open
2. Finger-tighten the opposite-end nut
3. Push the lever to closed position
4. Adjust if needed
5. Double-check tightness
## Footnote
The lever should leave an imprint on your palm when closed correctly.
404
What should the quick-release lever's position be after tightening?
Pointing straight up or toward the back of the bike
## Footnote
This prevents accidental opening and hooking on obstacles.
405
What is the first step in tightening a through-axle?
Slide the wheel into the fork, aligning the rotor between the pads of the disc-brake caliper
## Footnote
Ensure that the dropouts support the hub ends.
406
What should you do if the dropouts do not have inboard lips?
Carefully hold the bike up while lining up the hub and dropouts
## Footnote
This ensures proper installation of the axle.
407
How should the QR15 axle be tightened?
Tighten the axle into the opposite fork leg using the quick-release lever as a handle
## Footnote
Flip the lever open fully and twist until it engages the cutout.
408
What indicates that the QR15 axle is properly adjusted?
The lever should leave a momentary imprint in your palm and be pointed up, parallel to the fork leg
## Footnote
Both conditions must be met for proper tension.
409
What should you do if proper tension and lever position do not occur simultaneously?
Adjust the thread by removing the fixing screw and triangular washer
## Footnote
Unscrew the axle a few turns to adjust the thread for proper tension.
410
What should you do to the QR lever for optimal tension?
Loosen or tighten the adjustment of the QR lever as needed
## Footnote
Ensure it is in the straight-up position.
411
What is the orientation of the Manitou QR15 HexLock through-axle during installation?
The laser-etched instructions along its length face up, toward the handlebar
## Footnote
This ensures proper alignment during installation.
412
How do you secure the Manitou QR15 HexLock through-axle?
Rotate the lever 90 degrees and flip it to the closed position
## Footnote
This secures the wheel in the dropouts.
413
What should you do if the lever does not provide enough resistance to close?
Flip the lever open, unscrew the adjustment ring counterclockwise, then flip it back up
## Footnote
This adjusts the tension for a secure fit.
414
What is the method for tightening a screw-in through-axle?
Tighten with a hex key or Torx key
## Footnote
If pinch bolts are present, tighten them first.
415
How should you tighten the draw bolt on traditional through-axles?
Tighten the draw bolt from outside the dropout into the thin end of the axle
## Footnote
Ensure any clamping bolts on the head end are snug to prevent spinning.
416
What is the purpose of a through-axle adapter like the Hurricane Components Fork Up?
It allows the use of a through-axle fork with rack clamps
## Footnote
It facilitates secure mounting for transport.
417
What is the recommended tightening torque for steel bolt-on skewers?
65 inch-pounds (in-lbs)
## Footnote
For titanium versions, it is 85 in-lbs.
418
What is the method for tightening axle nuts on mass-merchant bikes?
Snug up the nuts clockwise with a wrench, alternating sides
## Footnote
This ensures even tightening.
419
Do you need to tighten disc brakes after installing the wheel?
No, because they were not loosened to remove the wheel
## Footnote
You are ready to ride immediately.
420
What is the first step in closing rim brakes after installing the wheel?
Hook up the brake cable
## Footnote
This involves specific actions depending on brake type.
421
How do you check if the brakes are functioning properly after reinstallation?
Squeeze the lever and ensure the cable doesn't slip, then spin the wheel while applying brakes
## Footnote
This checks for pad dragging and proper alignment.
422
What should you do if the brake pads are rubbing the rim?
Adjust spring tension in the arms or hold the rim centered when securing the hub
## Footnote
This may require further adjustments if misalignment persists.
423
What is the first step in removing the rear wheel?
Shift the chain onto the smallest rear cog
## Footnote
This helps in releasing tension from the chain.
424
What is required when using a clutch rear derailleur before removing the rear wheel?
Free or lock the jockey-wheel cage
## Footnote
This allows for easier chain management.
425
What is the first step in engaging the lock on a SRAM rear derailleur with a clutch?
Press the button on the clutch jockey-wheel cage
426
How do you free the lower knuckle before removing the rear wheel?
Switch the lever to the off position (forward)
427
What should you do with the chain before pushing the wheel out of the rear dropouts?
Move the chain out of the way by pulling back the rear derailleur
428
What position should the rear derailleur be in when installing the rear wheel?
High gear, under the smallest cog
429
When using a clutch rear derailleur, what should be checked before installing the rear wheel?
Check the cage lock or lever switch
430
Fill in the blank: Slip the wheel in between the _______ and _______
seatstays and chainstays
431
What should you do to guide the disc-brake rotor when setting the bike down?
Guide the rotor up between the pads in the caliper
432
What is important to check after securing the axle in the dropouts?
Check that the axle or hub ends are fully seated in the dropouts
433
What should be done after securing the axle of the rear wheel?
Release the rear-derailleur cage lock, if applicable
434
What is the recommended method for cleaning a bicycle?
Use soap, water, sponges, and brushes
435
True or False: High-pressure sprayers are safe to use on bicycles.
False
436
What should you avoid when using a pressure washer on a bike?
Pointing it at the bike from the side
437
What is the first step in scrubbing the bike?
Remove the wheels
438
What can be used to secure the chain while cleaning the bike?
A chain hanger or a dowel stick
439
What type of brush is recommended for tough dirt on a bike?
A stiff nylon-bristle brush
440
Fill in the blank: Avoid getting water in the _______ of the bottom bracket.
bearings
441
What should be used to rinse the bike after scrubbing?
Hose it off or wipe it with a wet rag
442
What type of cleaners can be used to remove grime stuck to the frame?
ProGold Bike Wash, Pedro's Green Fizz, or equivalent cleaners
443
What should you avoid doing with the vent holes during bike washing?
Avoid getting water in these holes
## Footnote
Taping over the vent holes before washing is recommended.
444
What does the drivetrain consist of?
An oil-covered chain running over the gears and derailleurs
445
Why is it important to keep the drivetrain clean and lubricated?
It transfers energy into the bike's forward motion and should move freely
446
What are the steps to clean the drivetrain?
1. Wipe the chain
2. Wipe the jockey wheels
3. Floss the cogs
4. Wipe down the derailleurs and front chainrings
447
What is a good habit to develop for maintaining the drivetrain?
Clean it before or after almost every ride
448
How can you remove mud from derailleurs and cogs?
Use soapy water and a scrub brush
449
What should be avoided when using a brush on the drivetrain?
Using the same brush for cleaning the frame
450
What is the ideal frequency for wiping off and lubricating the chain?
Before or after every ride
451
What is recommended to minimize the need for solvent cleaning?
Frequent wiping and lubrication of the chain
452
What precautions should be taken when using solvents?
Work in a well-ventilated area and use as little solvent as possible
453
Which type of solvent is suggested for minimizing health risks?
Citrus solvents
454
What type of brush is suggested for cleaning cogs and pulleys?
A nylon brush or an old toothbrush
455
What should you do if you need to remove the chain for cleaning?
Use a master link if available
456
What is a self-contained chain cleaner used for?
To quickly and conveniently clean a chain without risk of breakage
457
What should you do to clean the chain in a solvent bath?
1. Remove the chain
2. Put it in a bottle with solvent
3. Shake the bottle
4. Hang to dry
458
How should you lube the chain after cleaning?
Drip chain lubricant into each of the chain's links and rollers
459
True or False: Cleaning the drivetrain regularly can extend its life.
True
460
Fill in the blank: The drivetrain picks up lots of dirt because it is _______.
totally exposed to the elements
461
What is the purpose of dripping chain lube along the top edges of the chain?
To get it between the plates at each rivet.
462
What should you do with the solvent after cleaning the chain?
Allow it to settle in a clear container, decant and save the clear stuff, and dispose of the sludge.
463
What is recommended to avoid frequent cleaning of the drivetrain?
Wipe the jockey wheels, chainrings, front derailleur, and chain after every ride or two.
464
How can you quickly clean the drivetrain after a ride?
Keep dish gloves and a rag near where you store your bike.
465
What are the benefits of keeping a clean bike?
Minimized corrosion problems and the ability to see other problems as they arise.
466
What must be done to all threaded parts before tightening?
Prepped with lubricant, threadlock compound, or an antiseize compound.
467
What should be done with excess thread-prepping compound?
Clean off excess to minimize dirt attraction.
468
What type of threads should be locked?
Threads that need to stay in place but are not supposed to be tightened down fully.
469
What is an example of a locked thread?
Derailleur limit screws.
470
What should be used on threads that tend to bind up and gall?
Antiseize compound.
471
What is a critical note regarding tightening titanium bolts into titanium parts?
Never tighten a titanium bolt into a titanium part to avoid galling.
472
What must wrenches do before tightening or loosening?
Be fully engaged.
473
What happens if hex keys or Torx wrenches are not fully inserted?
The wrench and/or the bolt hole will round off.
474
What can happen if open-end, box-end, and socket wrenches are not properly seated?
The bolt head will round off.
475
What is necessary for splined wrenches to prevent damage?
Must be fully engaged.
476
What should pin spanners be fully seated in?
The pinholes in the part being turned.
477
Where can a full list of specific tightening torques be found?
In Appendix D.
478
What does the designation 'M' in front of a bolt size number indicate?
Millimeters and refers to the bolt shaft.
479
What is the typical wrench size for an M5 bolt?
Usually takes a 4mm hex key.
480
What are the four levels of tightness generally classified as?
1. Loose 2. Snug 3. Tight 4. Very tight.
481
What is the torque range for snug small setscrews?
10-30 in-Ibs or 1-3 N-m
## Footnote
Examples include Grip Shift mounting screws and screws going into plastic parts.
482
What is the torque range for firmly tightened small bolts?
30-80 in-Ibs or 3-9 N-m
## Footnote
Examples include shoe-cleat bolts and small stem bolts.
483
What is the torque range for tight components?
80-240 in-Ibs or 9-27 N-m
## Footnote
Examples include wheel axles and seatpost binder bolts.
484
What is the torque range for really tight parts?
280-600 in-Ibs or 31-68 N-m
## Footnote
Examples include crankarm bolts and cassette lockring bolts.
485
True or False: Lubricating parts alone ensures they will work properly.
False
## Footnote
Lubricants can attract dirt and cause parts to become gunky.
486
What should you do after dripping oil on a moving part?
Wipe the area to remove excess oil, and then wipe it again after you ride
## Footnote
This prevents dirt from sticking to excess oil.
487
Why is a periodic maintenance schedule based on the number of rides rather than mileage?
Because conditions like dirt and wetness impact the bike's need for maintenance more than mileage
## Footnote
Especially relevant for mountain bikes.
488
Name two factors that influence a bike's maintenance frequency.
* Trail conditions
* Duration of rides
489
What should you check before every ride? (List at least three items)
* Brake lever functionality
* Quick-release hub skewers tightness
* Tire condition
490
What is one task to perform after every ride?
Wipe the suspension shafts and lubricate the chain
## Footnote
This helps maintain performance and cleanliness.
491
What is the recommended action if tire tread wear is excessive?
Replace the tire
## Footnote
Inspect the rim strip after removing the tire.
492
What should you do every 5-10 rides regarding the chain?
Check chain wear with a chain-elongation gauge and replace if necessary
## Footnote
This helps ensure optimal performance.
493
Fill in the blank: Always test-ride the bike after _______.
[adjusting it in the bike stand]
494
What is a sign that a bike's suspension may need maintenance?
Slop in dropper post activation or sticking in fork and rear shock
## Footnote
Smooth movement is essential for performance.
495
What should you do if you notice performance issues after a ride?
Take notes about the issues while they're fresh in your mind
## Footnote
This aids in addressing problems effectively.
496
What is a common maintenance task for mechanical disc brakes?
Lubricate lever pivots and arm pivot on mechanical disc-brake calipers
## Footnote
Avoid getting oil on the rotor or pads.
497
True or False: It's acceptable to ignore maintenance if your bike is in good shape.
False
## Footnote
Regular maintenance is still necessary to prevent issues.
498
What should you check every 20-40 rides regarding your bike's pump?
Check that the frame pump works or that CO2 cartridges and inflator are in good condition
499
What condition should you check for the spare inner tube every 20-40 rides?
Check the condition and presence of appropriate tools in the seat bag
500
What maintenance should be performed on derailleur pivots every 20-40 rides?
Drip chain lube on front and rear derailleur pivots
501
What should you do if the derailleur has cartridge-bearing jockey wheels?
Check for smooth action and regrease if needed after removing bearing covers
502
What maintenance should be performed on integrated-spindle bottom brackets?
Peel off bearing covers and add grease
503
How should hydraulic brake pistons be cleaned?
Clean the outside of the hydraulic disc pistons using the correct brake fluid
504
What should you check regarding brake movement every 20-40 rides?
Check disc-brake operation for smooth return of brake pads and rim brakes for free rotation
505
What should you check about the rotor and rim brake track wear?
Check rotor trueness and condition or rim brake-track wear
506
What should you check regarding wheel trueness?
Check wheel trueness and correct as needed
507
What should be checked on rims for safety?
Check rims for cracks, particularly at the spoke holes
508
What maintenance is required for front and rear shocks?
Service front and rear shocks; perform rear shock air-sleeve service and replace fork fluid
509
What should you do to pedal bearings every 20-40 rides?
Overhaul pedal bearings by pulling out the axles and regreasing
510
What should be done to shift and brake cables every 20-40 rides?
Lubricate shift and brake cables
511
What should you check regarding shoe cleats?
Check shoe cleats for wear and replace if needed
512
What maintenance should occur every 80-150 rides for the fork and rear shock?
Send fork and rear shock to rebuild facility for damper service
513
What bearings should be overhauled every 80-150 rides?
Overhaul bearings in hubs, pedals, bottom brackets, and headsets
514
What should you do with cantilever and V-brakes every 80-150 rides?
Pull them off their pivot bosses, regrease, and reassemble
515
When should hydraulic brakes be bled?
More often if brake performance drops or lever pumps up
516
What should be replaced every 3-6 years on a bike?
Handlebar, stem, fork, rear shock, seatpost, and saddle
517
What is a key strategy to prevent mechanical emergencies on the trail?
Proper planning involves bringing along tools, spare tubes, and knowledge
518
What should the take-along tool kit for rides include?
Tools as described in section 1-6 for hydration pack or seat bag
519
What is one of the handiest items to take along on a ride?
A chain tool
520
What is the first line of defense to avoid flat tires?
Always have good tires on your bike
521
What should you check regularly on your tires?
Wear, cracking, and tread cuts
522
What can greatly reduce the potential for flat tires?
Using tire sealant inside tubes and installing tubeless tires
523
Fill in the blank: A _______ is very good to have with you to repair a chain.
master link
524
What are modern sealants generally made of?
Thin, liquid latex solutions
## Footnote
These sealants coagulate at a puncture.
525
How can sealant be injected into a tire?
Through the valve after removing the valve core
## Footnote
Sealants can be injected into existing tubes or mounted tubeless tires.
526
What should you do if a tire with sealant gets low due to a small hole?
Put more air in and spin the wheel or ride for a couple of miles
## Footnote
This helps the sealant flow to the hole.
527
What happens if there is a large hole in the tire?
A large hole will not be filled, but big holes can be plugged enough to get home
## Footnote
Locate where the sealant is squirting out to assist in plugging.
528
What should be done if the puncture is on the rim side?
The sealant will not flow to it
## Footnote
This includes punctures from snakebite or protruding spokes.
529
What are the disadvantages of using stiff plastic tire liners?
They decrease traction and cornering ability, and can slip sideways
## Footnote
They may also cut or abrade the tube.
530
What is an alternative to stiff plastic tire liners?
Lighter, less stiff tire liners made of tightly woven Kevlar
## Footnote
SpinSkins is one brand of these liners.
531
What is the easiest way to fix a flat tire on a ride?
Injecting sealant and compressed gas together or installing a spare tube
## Footnote
This applies to both standard inner tubes and tubeless tires.
532
What should you check on your spare tube before leaving home?
Make sure it holds air and that you can loosen the valve nut by hand
## Footnote
This is especially important for Presta valves.
533
What should be removed from the tire before installing a new tube?
All thorns or glass and any other sharp objects
## Footnote
This prevents causing a new flat when reinflating.
534
What is a pinch flat?
A flat caused by the tire hitting a hard edge with insufficient air pressure
## Footnote
It typically results in two adjacent holes on the tube.
535
What role does the rim strip play?
It covers the spoke holes to prevent punctures to the underside of the tube
## Footnote
Inadequate rim strips can lead to flats.
536
What can be used as a temporary patch if you run out of spare tubes?
Insulating tape
## Footnote
It can be carried on the bike for emergencies.
537
What is a quick fix if you have no spare tubes or patches?
Tie a knot in the inner tube
## Footnote
This allows you to ride home as long as there's only one puncture.
538
What should you do if the hole is at the valve?
You cannot tie off the tube
## Footnote
Multiple holes or a broken valve complicate the situation.
539
How can you minimize damage when riding on a flat tire?
Fill the space in the tire with grass, leaves, or similar materials
## Footnote
This helps prevent the tire from rolling out during turns.
540
What should you do if a tire's sidewall is torn?
Look for something to reinforce the sidewall
## Footnote
Dollar bills can serve as temporary tire boots.
541
What type of materials can be used to reinforce a tire's sidewall?
Dollar bills, business cards, energy bar wrappers, duct tape
## Footnote
Any tough material can help hold the tire for the rest of the ride.
542
What is a temporary fix for a torn tire casing?
Wrap it around the tube at the spot and place several layers between the tire and tube to support the tube
## Footnote
If only one bill is available, fold it in half.
543
What should you do after placing a temporary fix on a torn tire casing?
Put a little air in the tube to hold the makeshift reinforcement in place.
544
How should you inflate the tube after a temporary fix for a torn tire casing?
Inflate the tube to about 40 psi.
545
What can happen if the tube is inflated to much lower than 40 psi after a temporary fix?
The boot may move around and may lead to a pinch flat.
546
What is the first step to free a jammed chain?
Insert a screwdriver or similar thin lever between the chainring and the chainstay to pry the space open.
547
What should you do if you cannot free a jammed chain?
Disassemble the chain using a chain tool, pull it out, and reassemble it.
548
What tool is recommended for disassembling and reassembling a chain with nine or more cogs?
A master link.
549
What can cause a chain to twist?
Continuing to pedal a split second too long after the chain starts to jam.
550
How can you identify a twisted chain link?
The chain will run with the sides of the links vertical, and some links will lean off to the side.
551
What tools can be used to untwist a twisted chain link?
Two pairs of pliers, two adjustable wrenches, or one of each.
552
What is the first step to untwist a chain link without tools?
Shift to the smallest rear cog and flip the chain off the innermost chainring.
553
What happens when a chain breaks while mountain biking?
The end link is certainly damaged, and some others in the area may be as well.
554
What should you do to repair a broken chain?
Remove the damaged links with a chain tool.
555
What can be installed if only the outer chain plates of a single link are damaged?
A master link.
556
What should be noted when installing a Wippermann master link?
Proper orientation.
557
What should you do if you need to replace damaged chain links?
Replace the same number of links you removed
## Footnote
If extra links are not available, use the chain in a shortened state.
558
What can happen if you shift into the big chainring-biggest cog combination with a shortened chain?
You can rip up the rear derailleur
## Footnote
This occurs if the chain is not long enough to encompass the span with slack.
559
What is a recommended practice before performing repairs on the trail?
Try out the chain tool at home or at your local bike shop
## Footnote
This helps you understand how to use it before needing it on the trail.
560
What can cause pedaling to become difficult if the rim is bent?
A loose or broken spoke, or a badly bent or broken rim
## Footnote
This can lead to the rim banging against the brake pads or the frame.
561
What is the first step in tightening loose spokes?
Find the loose spoke(s) by feeling all of them
## Footnote
The loose ones will be obvious due to the wobble they cause.
562
What should you do if you find a broken spoke?
Skip to the next section on fixing and replacing broken spokes
## Footnote
If no loose or broken spokes are found, skip ahead to the relevant section.
563
How can you mark loose spokes to keep track of them?
Use blades of grass, sandwich bag twist-ties, tape, or similar items
## Footnote
This helps you identify which spokes caused the problem as you true the wheel.
564
What should you do if you break a spoke and cannot remove it from the hub?
Wrap it around a neighboring spoke to prevent it from flapping
## Footnote
This is necessary if the broken spoke is on the drive side of the rear wheel.
565
What is the procedure for replacing a broken spoke?
Put the new spoke through the hub hole, weave it through the other spokes, and thread it into the spoke nipple
## Footnote
If using a Kevlar replacement spoke, follow specific attachment instructions.
566
What should you do if you don't have a spare spoke but have a spoke wrench?
Loosen the spokes on either side of the broken one to bring the wheel into rideable trueness
## Footnote
This allows the rim to move toward the side with the broken spoke.
567
What should you do if the rim is hitting the brake pads but not the frame?
Open the brake to get home
## Footnote
If you have disc brakes, you only need to ride back carefully.
568
What is the first step to loosen the brake cable?
Screw in (clockwise) the barrel adjuster on the brake lever
## Footnote
This decreases the tension on the brake cable.
569
What should you do if the rim is still banging the brake pads after loosening the cable?
Loosen the brake cable at the clamp on the brake
## Footnote
Alternatively, un-hook the cable like when removing the wheel.
570
What should you do if the bent wheel won't turn after loosening the brake?
Remove both brake arms from the cantilever posts
## Footnote
Do not ride with brakes still attached but disconnected from the cable.
571
What can happen if you bend the rim by smacking it on the ground?
You will permanently deform the rim
## Footnote
This is a consequence of using improper methods to correct for loose or broken spokes.
572
What is the purpose of the adjusting barrel in bike maintenance?
To adjust the tension of the brake or derailleur cables
## Footnote
The adjusting barrel allows for fine-tuning of cable tension for optimal performance.
573
How can you fix a bent rim if it is only mildly out of true?
Use a spoke wrench to true the wheel
## Footnote
Truing the wheel involves adjusting the tension of the spokes to make the rim straight.
574
What should you do if the wheel is bent beyond spoke truing?
Beat it straight while leaving the tire on and inflated
## Footnote
This method involves striking the bent section against a flat surface to realign it.
575
What is the first step to straighten a bent brake rotor?
Try to straighten it with your hands while leaving it attached to the wheel
## Footnote
This allows for temporary repairs to ride back safely.
576
What tools might you need to remove a caliper or rotor for a ride back?
5mm hex key for caliper, Torx T25 wrench or cassette remover for rotor
## Footnote
These tools are essential for detaching components to avoid further damage.
577
What should you do with hydraulic brake calipers after removal?
Wedge something between the brake pads to prevent piston push-out
## Footnote
Using a spacer helps avoid complications when reattaching the rotor.
578
How can you repair a mildly bent front derailleur?
Straighten it with your hands or reposition it and tighten
## Footnote
Ensure the derailleur cage is parallel to the chainrings for proper function.
579
What is the process to bypass a damaged derailleur?
Put the chain on a chainring that does not interfere with it
## Footnote
This allows for continued riding despite derailleur issues.
580
What should you do if the rear derailleur is bent?
Straighten it by hand if only slightly bent, or coast home if damaged more
## Footnote
If caught in spokes, the derailleur often bends significantly.
581
Fill in the blank: To open the front derailleur cage, remove the screw at its _______.
tail
## Footnote
This allows access to remove the chain from the derailleur.
582
True or False: You should hit the bent section of the rim too hard to ensure it straightens.
False
## Footnote
Hitting too hard can worsen the damage.
583
What is a common issue that occurs with rear derailleurs?
Getting caught in the spokes
## Footnote
This often leads to bending or breaking of the derailleur.
584
What should you do with the cable if you remove the derailleur?
Tie it up to prevent it from catching in the wheel
## Footnote
Keeping the cable secure is important for safe riding.
585
What is the function of the rear-derailleur hanger?
It hangs down from the dropout to which the derailleur attaches.
586
Why should you carry a spare derailleur hanger when riding a mountain bike?
To replace a broken or bent hanger, which is common in mountain biking.
587
Which types of bike frames typically do not have replaceable derailleur hangers?
Old steel and titanium frames.
588
What should you check after replacing a derailleur hanger?
Ensure that the derailleur jockey wheels line up vertically under the cogs.
589
What can happen if the derailleur jockey-wheel cage is bent inward?
It can shift poorly and may go into the spokes again.
590
What tools can be used to flex or bend the tab stop on the upper knuckle plate or cage?
Pliers, screwdriver, or small hammer.
591
True or False: If the rear derailleur is broken or bent beyond repair, you cannot pedal with the chain routed through it.
True.
592
What is the first step to bypass a damaged rear derailleur?
Open the chain and pull it out of the derailleur.
593
Fill in the blank: To pedal home effectively, the chain line must be _______.
tight and aligned straight.
594
What should you do if the bike has horizontal dropouts when connecting the chain?
Push the wheel forward in the dropouts to get a bit more slack.
595
What can be used to reattach a lost jockey wheel if a bolt is not available?
A bolt from the water-bottle cage.
596
What is a quick fix if you lose the upper jockey wheel on a derailleur with the same bolts top and bottom?
Put the lower wheel on top first.
597
What can be used to maintain tension if the rear derailleur's lower knuckle spring is broken?
A bungee cord.
598
What is the implication of riding with a broken front-derailleur cable?
The chain will be on the inner chaining, allowing use of all rear cogs.
599
What can you do if the chain is on the inner ring and you need to ride home?
Leave it on the inner ring and ride home.
600
What is the purpose of tightening the inner derailleur limit screw when riding with a broken front-derailleur cable?
To adjust the derailleur to sit over the middle chainring.
601
What should you do if you want to bypass the front derailleur completely?
Remove the chain from the derailleur and put it on the big chaining.
602
What should you do if you have a broken rear-derailleur cable?
You have three options:
* Leave the chain on the cog it's on and ride home.
* Move the chain to a larger cog and tighten the high-gear limit screw.
* Move the chain to a smaller cog and tighten the low-gear limit screw.
603
True or False: With a Shimano Low Normal rear derailleur, a broken cable will leave the chain on the smallest cog.
False
604
Fill in the blank: If you do not have a screwdriver, you can push inward on a standard rear derailleur while turning the rear wheel to shift to a _______.
larger cog
605
What should you do if you have a broken brake cable or a blown hydraulic brake hose?
Walk home or ride slowly and carefully home if the trail is not dangerous.
606
What is the best approach if you have a flat suspension fork?
Ride back slowly and keep your weight back.
607
How can you rig broken seat rails or a seatpost clamp?
Wrap gloves or clothing over the top of the seat-post or stick an inverted water bottle over the top.
608
What should you do if the seatpost shaft breaks?
Splint it internally with a stick, tape it up, and ride very carefully or ride home standing up.
609
What is the recommended action if you have a broken handlebar?
It's best to walk home or splint the broken handlebar with a stick and duct tape.
610
What can be done to fix a broken linkage bolt on rear suspension?
Stick a hex key into the hole where the bolt was and tape it in place.
611
What should you do if the rear cogs will not freewheel?
Squirting chain lube into the freewheel mechanism or water if above freezing.
612
True or False: You can sometimes free a frozen freehub by using warm water.
False
613
What is a critical safety consideration when mountain biking in the backcountry?
Prepare properly and take personal responsibility for your own and others' safety.
614
What incident highlights the risks of riding in the backcountry?
Two deaths near Moab, Utah, in the summer of 1995.
615
What happened to the two riders in Moab?
They got lost on the Porcupine Rim Trail and perished from exposure after abandoning their bikes.
616
How long did the two riders go undiscovered?
17 days.
617
Why did no one notice when the riders did not return?
They hadn't told anyone of their plans.
618
What did the riders attempt to do after getting lost?
They abandoned their bikes and tried to walk down to the road.
619
What natural features made reaching the road difficult?
Numerous cliffs.
620
How did the riders die on the ledge?
They perished from exposure.
621
What hindered search efforts for the lost riders?
They did not place any items to indicate their positions.
622
What happened to the riders' bikes?
Thieves took their bikes and helmets.
623
Who eventually found the bodies of the riders?
A helicopter searcher.
624
What did the Forest Service ranger do after reaching the riders?
He was able to walk out unaided.
625
What risks can pose dangers while mountain biking in canyon country?
Cliffs, steep hills, and other natural features.
626
What happened to pro rider Paul Willerton?
He crashed and broke his leg, having to drag himself many miles.
627
What is the first basic backcountry survival skill mentioned?
Drink plenty of water.
628
Fill in the blank: Always tell someone where you are going and when you expect to _______.
return.
629
What should you assume if you find personal effects on the ground?
Someone could be lost or in trouble.
630
What should you do if you get lost?
Backtrack.
631
What items should you bring for emergency situations?
* Matches
* Extra clothing and food
* Flashlight
* Aluminized emergency blanket
632
If the area is new to you, what should you do?
Go with someone familiar or take a map and compass.
633
Why should you wear a helmet while biking?
It's hard to ride home with a cracked skull.
634
What should you know how to use for basic emergencies?
First aid stuff and bike tools.
635
What is a good practice when facing difficult sections of the trail?
Walk your bike when it's appropriate.
636
What should you avoid if you are a long way out?
Riding beyond your limits.
637
What is the first rule of the International Mountain Bike Association?
Plan ahead.
638
True or False: Leaving no trace is a principle to follow while biking.
True.
639
What can endangering yourself also endanger?
The person trying to rescue you.
640
What is emphasized as essential for cycling in the backcountry?
Making appropriate decisions and learning survival skills.
641
What does ignorance about danger lead to?
It becomes the danger itself.
642
What is a bike chain composed of?
A series of links connected by rivets
## Footnote
Rollers surround each rivet and engage the teeth of the cogs and chainrings.
643
What is the primary function of a bicycle chain?
To transmit mechanical energy from the pedals to the rear wheel.
644
What are the advantages of a bicycle chain in terms of weight, cost, and efficiency?
It has no equal in weight, cost, and efficiency.
645
How should a bike chain be maintained for optimal performance?
It needs to be kept clean and well lubricated.
646
Why should chains be replaced frequently?
To prolong the working life of other, more expensive, drivetrain components.
647
What happens to a chain as its internal parts wear?
The chain gets longer and contacts the gear teeth differently than intended.
648
What is a specific maintenance challenge with today's derailleur chains?
Rivets are shorter and outer plates thinner, requiring more care to avoid breakage.
649
Where can you find information on troubleshooting chain problems?
'Troubleshooting Chain Problems' at the end of this chapter (4-14 through 4-16).
650
What type of lubricant should be used for bike chains?
A lubricant intended for bicycle chains.
651
What is a characteristic of dry lubricants for bike chains?
They pick up less dirt in dry conditions.
652
What is a characteristic of sticky lubricants for bike chains?
They are less likely to wash off in wet conditions.
653
What do some lubricants claim to be, besides just lubricants?
Metal conditioners that penetrate and alter the surface of the metal.
654
What is a potential downside of wax-based lubricants?
They don't protect well and can result in a short chain life.
655
What forms do chain lubricants generally come in?
Spray cans and squeeze bottles.
656
Why should sprays be avoided for regular maintenance of bike chains?
They tend to spew too much oil over everything.
657
What is the primary purpose of lubricating a bike chain?
To reduce friction and prevent corrosion.
658
What should you do before applying lubricant to a bike chain?
Move the chain periodically to access the links.
659
True or False: Over-lubricating a bike chain is preferable to under-lubricating.
True
660
What is the recommended method for cleaning a bike chain?
Wipe it down frequently, lubricate it, and wipe off excess lube.
661
Fill in the blank: The lubricant softens the old sludge buildup, which is driven out of the chain when you ______.
[ride]
662
What items should you keep next to your bike to encourage regular chain maintenance?
Rubber gloves, a rag, and chain lube.
663
What is the function of chain-cleaning units?
To scrub the chain with a solvent while it is on the bike.
664
What type of solvent is recommended for chain-cleaning units?
Nontoxic citrus-based solvent.
665
Why is it advised to avoid using strong solvents without lubricants?
They can displace oil from inside the rollers, leaving a dry chain.
666
What should you wear for safety when using solvents?
Gloves and glasses.
667
List the steps for cleaning a chain with a rag.
* Grab the chain with a rag
* Turn the crank backward
* Pull the chain through the rag
* Lubricate the chain
668
What happens if a chain is frequently removed without a master link?
It shortens the chain's life significantly.
669
What can occur if a 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-speed chain is opened repeatedly?
It can break under high load.
670
Fill in the blank: Chain cleaning can be performed with the bike on the ground or in a bike ______.
[stand]
671
What is the effect of citrus chain solvents that contain lubricants?
They won't dry the chain out.
672
What should you do with a chain-cleaning unit after using it?
Recycle or dispose of used solvents properly.
673
What is the first step in cleaning a bike chain using a chain-cleaning unit?
Remove the top and pour in the solvent up to the fill line.
674
How should the chain-cleaning unit be positioned for cleaning?
Place the chain-cleaning unit up against the bottom of the chain.
675
What action should be taken to run the chain through the unit's brushes?
Turn the bike's crank backward.
676
After cleaning, what should be done with the solvent in the chain-cleaning unit?
Let the solvent settle, decant the clear portion, and discard the sludge.
677
What is the recommended method for cleaning a chain without a chain-cleaning unit?
Remove the chain, drop it into a jar or water bottle, pour in solvent, and shake.
678
Why is it not recommended to frequently disassemble a bike chain?
It weakens the chain due to expanding rivet holes.
679
What issue can arise from chain breakage during riding?
A chain can break when shifting the front derailleur while pedaling hard.
680
What is a master link and why is it beneficial?
A master link allows for easier chain disassembly without weakening the chain.
681
Which brands commonly use master links in their chains?
SRAM, Wippermann, Taya, KMC, FSA, and Shimano.
682
What should you avoid when using citrus-based solvents for chain cleaning?
Don't leave the chain to soak for extended periods.
683
What is the typical lifespan for mountain bike chains?
500 to 1,000 miles under dirty conditions.
684
What happens when a chain elongates?
It concentrates the load on individual gear teeth, leading to faster wear.
685
What is the best method to monitor a chain's condition?
Using a chain length gauge.
686
What is the Rohloff Caliber 2 gauge used for?
Checking chain elongation.
687
What does it indicate if the curved tooth of a Rohloff gauge falls completely into the chain?
The chain needs to be replaced.
688
Which side of the Rohloff gauge is used for steel cogs?
The tooth marked 'S'.
689
How often should you check the chain for elongation?
Regularly, in multiple spots on the chain.
690
What is the consequence of using a new chain with worn gear teeth?
The new chain may skip when pedaling hard.
691
Fill in the blank: A chain that breaks during riding is often due to _______.
[shifting the front derailleur while pedaling hard]
692
True or False: Citrus-based solvents are harmful to breathe and should be avoided.
True.
693
What additional feature do some tools have to assist with chain maintenance?
A chain hook on the opposite side with two hooked prongs to pull chain ends and release tension.
694
What is the purpose of a digital chain gauge?
To monitor chain wear precisely over time.
695
Which brands offer chain-elongation gauges?
Feedback Sports, KMC, Park, Wippermann, and other brands.
696
What is the standard measurement for chains regarding rivets?
Chains should measure ½ inch between adjacent rivets.
697
How many links should be in 1 foot of a bike chain?
Exactly 12 links.
698
What should the distance between rivets be for 12 links?
12 inches exactly.
699
What is the recommendation for chain replacement if elongation exceeds 1 percent?
Replace the chain if elongation is ½ inch in 50 complete link pairs.
700
What do you compare a used chain to determine if it needs replacement?
Hang it next to a new chain for comparison.
701
What procedure applies to standard derailleur chains without a master link?
The procedure for removing the chain using a chain tool.
702
What is the first step to remove a chain link using a chain tool?
Place any link over the back teeth on a chain tool.
703
What should you do if you pushed the pin all the way out during chain removal?
The two ends will pull apart, but you won't be able to reconnect them without a subpin or a master link.
704
How do you determine the number of links needed for a new chain?
Compare with the old chain or wrap around the big chainring and the biggest cog.
705
What additional links should you account for in a 1×11 system with a SRAM X-Horizon rear derailleur?
One and a half more links of overlap.
706
What is the simplest system for single-speed bikes to vary distance from crank to rear hub?
Rear dropouts with long, horizontal slots.
707
What is a more elegant system for varying drivetrain length on single-speed/internal-gear frames?
Sliding rear dropouts.
708
What is the function of an eccentric bottom bracket in relation to chain tension?
It allows for adjusting the drivetrain length to tension the chain.
709
What is the function of the eccentric cylinder in a bicycle?
Clamps into the oversized bottom-bracket shell to adjust chain tension
## Footnote
The eccentric cylinder can be adjusted using pinch bolts, setscrews, or a wedge piece.
710
How do you initially set the distance from the wheel to the crank?
Slide the wheel or dropouts forward or rotate the eccentric bottom bracket to minimize distance
## Footnote
This ensures proper chain tensioning.
711
What is the ideal chain tension for a bicycle chain?
Not too taut or too loose; it should allow gentle movement without derailing
## Footnote
A good test is to push the chain over gently with your thumb just behind the chainring.
712
What is a 'singleator' in bicycle maintenance?
A chain tensioner that pulls slack chain taut
## Footnote
It is typically spring-loaded and bolts into the rear-derailleur hanger.
713
What is the purpose of a jockey wheel in a chain tensioner?
Keeps the chain tight by pushing up or down on it
## Footnote
The jockey wheel's position can be adjusted based on the desired tension.
714
What should you do when installing a twin-jockey-wheel type chain tensioner?
Ensure enough chain length to accommodate the jockey wheels without stretching
## Footnote
This type cannot be used with fixed gear or coaster brake setups.
715
What is the first step in routing the chain properly?
Shift into small-small
## Footnote
This means having the chain on the smallest cog in the rear and the smallest chainring up front.
716
What is a key consideration when connecting a non-Shimano bicycle chain?
Avoid using the same pin on 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-speed chains except in emergencies
## Footnote
This is crucial to prevent injury if the chain breaks.
717
How should you position the link rivet when reconnecting a chain?
Sticking out toward you for easier access with the chain tool
## Footnote
This allows for a more comfortable and effective connection process.
718
What should you do if the link does not fold easily after assembly?
Continue with the steps to adjust the link
## Footnote
A stiff link indicates that the outer plates are too close together.
719
What is the last step in connecting a chain without a master link?
Push the pin a fraction of a turn to spread the plates apart
## Footnote
This ensures that the link operates smoothly with the rest of the chain.
720
What is a special connecting pin used in Shimano chains prior to 2017?
Subpin
## Footnote
The subpin ensures a strong chain connection.
721
How should the subpin be inserted into a Shimano chain?
In the same direction that the old rivet was pushed out
722
What is the orientation requirement for post-2010 10-speed Shimano chains?
Shimano logo must face outside
723
What distinguishes the Shimano subpin from a standard rivet?
Twice as long and has a breakage groove in the middle
724
What color is the 11-speed Shimano pin?
Gray
725
What should you do if you are reinstalling an old Shimano chain?
Get a new subpin at a bike shop
726
What is the first step in connecting a Shimano chain?
Remove any extra links
727
What is the correct sequence for lining up the chain ends?
Open end of the outer link leads over the top of the chainring
728
Fill in the blank: Push the subpin in with your fingers, _______ first.
Pointed end
729
What should you check after assembling the link?
Link's freedom of movement
730
True or False: A good chain tool is unnecessary if you ride frequently.
False
731
What is the benefit of a good chain tool compared to a cheap one?
Easier to use, aligns chain better, lasts longer
732
What is the model of Shimano's 11-speed shop tool?
TL-CN34
733
What feature do most high-quality chain tools have regarding compatibility?
Backward-compatible with older, wider chains
734
What does the Rohloff Revolver chain tool include?
Thumbscrew to secure chain and a revolving plate with different patterns
735
Which tool is known for working on both modern and older chains?
Rohloff Revolver chain tool
736
What happens if you use an older chain tool on narrower chains?
You will eventually bend and break the chain-retention teeth
737
What should be done if the link kinks after assembly?
Push the link rivet in a little deeper
738
What is a common characteristic of Shimano's TL-CN23 tool?
Meant for Shimano 10-speed chains but also works for 6-speed chains
739
What do the four locating teeth on a chain tool do?
Secure the chain better than two teeth
740
Fill in the blank: A good chain tool will have a _______ drive pin.
Replaceable
741
What must be done with the leading half of the subpin after insertion?
Break it off
742
What is the Rohloff Revolver chain tool designed for?
1-12-speed chains
## Footnote
The Rohloff Revolver is a versatile tool suitable for a range of chain speeds.
743
Why should you avoid using an older-generation chain tool on a newer chain?
It can laterally load the chain-locating teeth
## Footnote
A two-generation-older chain tool will not seat the chain connector pin correctly.
744
What is the advantage of using the latest chain tool?
Best compatibility with the latest and older chains
## Footnote
A newer tool ensures proper function with both current and wider chains.
745
What is the main feature of the Park CT-43 chain tool?
Utilizes a pocket molded into the tool body for the chain link
## Footnote
This design allows it to work without sustaining damage as chains get narrower.
746
What is the recommended condition for using a chain tool on different chain speeds?
One generation back, meant for at least 11-speed chains
## Footnote
This ensures compatibility with chains up through 12 speeds.
747
What is the purpose of aligning the connecting pin and holes perfectly?
To ensure proper seating of the pin
## Footnote
Misalignment can cause issues in connecting the chain.
748
What happens if you use an older chain tool on an 11-speed chain?
The prongs may bend due to being too far from the backing plate
## Footnote
This can lead to tool damage and ineffective chain connection.
749
Name one type of master link.
SRAM (Sachs) PowerLink
## Footnote
Other examples include Shimano Quick Link and KMC Missing Link.
750
What is a characteristic of the master link design?
Made of two symmetrical link halves with a pin
## Footnote
Each half has a keyhole that tapers into a slot.
751
True or False: SRAM PowerLock links are designed to be opened.
False
## Footnote
They are not supposed to be openable, but can be with master-link pliers.
752
What is the first step in connecting a master link?
Put the pin of each half of the link through the hole in the chain
## Footnote
Ensure one pin goes down and one pin goes up.
753
What should you do after inserting the pins into the chain?
Pull the links close together and insert each pin into the keyhole
## Footnote
This action secures the link together.
754
How do you disconnect a master link?
Squeeze the master-link plates toward each other
## Footnote
This action frees the plates from the grooves in the pins.
755
What tool makes opening a master link easier?
Master-link pliers
## Footnote
They simplify the process of disconnecting links.
756
What is the unique feature of the Wippermann ConneX link?
The edges of the link plates are not symmetrical
## Footnote
This requires a specific orientation for installation.
757
Fill in the blank: The Wippermann ConneX link should be oriented so that its taller convex edge is facing _______.
away from the chainring
## Footnote
Incorrect orientation can cause chain skipping.
758
What shape do the connected holes on each plate of the Wippermann link form?
Heart shape
## Footnote
This orientation is crucial for proper installation.
759
What is the first step in connecting the Taya master link?
Connect the chain ends with the plate that has two rivets sticking out of it.
760
How should the outer master-link plate be installed?
Snap the outer master-link plate over the rivets and into their grooves.
761
What is the purpose of flexing the plate when installing the Taya master link?
To facilitate hooking each keyhole-shaped hole over its corresponding rivet.
762
What is the first step in disconnecting the Taya master link?
Flex the master link so that the pins come closer together.
763
What type of bikes can use the Gates Carbon Drive toothed belt?
Single-speed bikes and bikes with internal-gear rear hubs.
764
Why must the bike frame be designed to adjust for tensioning the Gates belt?
Because the belt is a continuous loop that cannot be opened.
765
What types of frame systems are compatible with the Gates belt drive?
* Hardtail frames
* Full-suspension frames with specific designs
766
What is the key factor in determining the correct length of the Gates belt?
The number of teeth on the belt sprockets.
767
How should the Gates Carbon Drive belt be handled when uncoiling?
Pull the belt open slowly to avoid sharp bends that can break carbon fibers.
768
What is the recommended method to determine proper belt tension for the Gates system?
Use a Carbon Drive tension gauge or push down on the belt halfway between the sprockets.
769
What is chain suck?
When the chain does not release from the bottom of the chaining and pulls up instead.
770
What is a common cause of chain suck?
A rusty chain or stiff links.
771
What is the first step to eliminate chain suck?
Clean and lube the chain, and clean the chainrings.
772
How can stiff links in a chain be loosened?
By flexing them side to side or using the back teeth on a chain tool.
773
What can be done if the chain is wedged between the chainstay and the chainring?
Free it with a screwdriver.
774
What is a recommended solution for squeaking chains?
Wipe down the chain, lubricate it with wet lube, and ride for a test period.
775
True or False: The Gates Carbon Drive belt can be adjusted in length.
False
776
Fill in the blank: The best way to determine proper belt tension is to use a _______.
Carbon Drive tension gauge
777
What types of suspension systems are compatible with the Gates Carbon Drive?
* Concentric-pivot systems
* Uniffed-rear triangle systems
* Softails with flex in the chainstays
778
What should be done if there are bent or torn teeth on the chaining?
Replace the chaining or straighten any broken or torn teeth.
779
What type of lubricant should not be used to prevent a dry chain chirp?
Wax-based lubricant
780
What should you do if the squeak in the chain is not gone after initial remedy?
Replace the chain
## Footnote
Chains often don't heal from being too dry and rusted deep inside.
781
What are the causes of a skipping chain?
Stiff links, rusted chain, worn-out chain, worn cogs, misadjusted rear derailleur, sticky shift cable, loose rear-derailleur jockey wheel(s), bent rear derailleur or hanger, worn derailleur pivots, bent mounting bolt, missing or worn chain rollers, inverted master link.
782
How can you identify a stiff link in a chain?
Turn the crank backward slowly to see if a chain link is stiff
## Footnote
A stiff link will deflect the jockey wheels as it passes through.
783
What is the method to loosen stiff links in a bike chain?
Flex them from side to side or use a chain tool
## Footnote
Use the second set of teeth on the chain tool to spread the link.
784
What should you do if a rusted chain squeaks and skips?
Lubricate the chain with wet lube and ride a few miles to see if it improves
## Footnote
If it doesn't improve, replace the chain.
785
What does a worn-out chain do?
It elongates and skips because it does not mesh well with the cogs.
786
How can you check for chain elongation?
Refer to the specifications described in section 4-6.
787
What should you check if a newly replaced chain is skipping?
Check for worn cogs
## Footnote
The chain will skip on the cogs used most frequently.
788
How can you visually check for worn cogs?
Look for hook-shaped teeth on the cogs.
789
What tool can be used to check cog wear?
Rohloff HG-IG-Check tool
## Footnote
This tool checks for cog wear by applying tension on a chain wrapped around the cog.
790
What should you do if the rear derailleur is misadjusted?
Adjust the rear derailleur according to the procedure described in section 5-2.
791
What can cause a chain to jump off under load?
Sticky shift cable
## Footnote
Frayed, rough, or rusted cables or housings can contribute to this issue.
792
How can you fix a loose rear-derailleur jockey wheel?
Check and tighten the bolts holding the jockey wheel.
793
What should you do if the rear derailleur or hanger is bent?
Take the bike to a shop to have it checked and realigned
## Footnote
Most modern bikes have a replaceable right rear dropout and derailleur hanger.
794
What happens if the derailleur pivots are worn?
The derailleur will be loose and cause the chain to skip.
795
What should you do if the mounting bolt of the derailleur is bent?
Replace the bent bolt.
796
What can cause a chain to skip even if it passes elongation tests?
Missing or worn chain rollers.
797
What happens if the master link is installed upside down?
The taller link edge will lift the rollers off the cog, causing the chain to skip.
798
What inspires confidence when riding on difficult single-track sections of trail?
Having derailleurs that work smoothly, predictably, and quietly under all conditions.
799
What is a common problem with rear derailleurs?
Improperly adjusted rear derailleurs.
800
What adjustments can be made to fix rear derailleurs?
Tweaks of the limit screws and the cable tension.
801
Where is the rear derailleur mounted on a bike?
Bolted to a hanger on the rear dropout.
802
What role do the jockey wheels play in the rear derailleur?
Hold the chain tight and help guide the chain as the derailleur shifts.
803
How many springs might a rear derailleur have?
One or two springs in the lower, or both upper and lower, knuckles.
804
What happens when the tension on the rear-derailleur cable is increased?
The derailleur moves inward toward the larger cogs.
805
What pulls the chain back toward the smallest cogs when cable tension is released?
A return spring between the derailleur's two parallelogram plates.
806
What is unique about Shimano's Low Normal derailleurs?
They have a 'normal' position in the low-gear position when cable tension is removed.
807
What does Top Normal refer to in Shimano terminology?
A standard rear derailleur that moves to the smallest cog when there is no cable tension.
808
Fill in the blank: The rear derailleur is one of the more ______ parts on a bike.
complex
809
True or False: The rear derailleur does not take up chain slack when the bike bounces.
False
810
List the components involved in the functioning of a rear derailleur.
* Rear derailleur
* Jockey wheels
* Return spring
* Cable tension
* Limit screws
811
What does Low Normal refer to in the context of rear derailleurs?
A rear derailleur that moves to the largest cog [low gear] when there is no cable tension.
812
What is the purpose of the Shadow design in Shimano rear derailleurs?
A low-profile rear derailleur with a thin body and a very short mounting bolt to keep the derailleur close to the bike and away from rocks and branches.
813
What does the b-link do in Shimano derailleurs?
Sets the derailleur back in proper position and is designed to snap off in case of a hard impact.
814
Which factors determine how closely the derailleur tracks the cogs?
* Chain length
* Balance between the springs in the upper and lower knuckle pivots
* b-screw adjustment
815
What are the functions of the two limit screws on the rear derailleur?
Prevent the derailleur from moving the chain too far to the inside (into the spokes) or to the outside (into the dropout).
816
Where is the cable-tensioning barrel adjuster located on most rear derailleurs?
At the back of the derailleur, where the cable enters it.
817
What is the purpose of the tensioning screw (b-screw) on the rear derailleur?
Controls the space between the bottom of the cogs and the upper jockey wheel.
818
What is the recommended torque for tightening the derailleur's mounting bolt?
8-10 N-m.
819
Fill in the blank: The clutch lever switch on some derailleurs should be in the _______ position before mounting.
off
820
How do original Shimano Saint rear derailleurs differ in mounting from other derailleurs?
They mount to the axle of the rear hub instead of the dropout derailleur hanger.
821
True or False: Most inexpensive derailleurs have a b-screw.
False
822
What should be done to the chain before installing it on the derailleur?
Route the chain through the jockey wheels and connect it, ensuring it is the correct length.
823
What tools are required to tighten the cable-fixing bolt?
* 5mm hex key
* Torx T25
* 8mm box wrench
824
What is the consequence of a hard impact on the b-link of a Shimano derailleur?
It is designed to snap off and save the derailleur.
825
What is the role of the clutch adjuster screw in rear derailleurs?
Adjusts the tension of the clutch mechanism to improve chain retention.
826
What should be ensured regarding the tab on inexpensive derailleurs during installation?
The tab should be behind the flat on the derailleur hanger.
827
What does 'Low Normal' refer to in a rear derailleur?
A rear derailleur that moves to the largest cog (low gear) when there is no cable tension.
828
What is 'Shadow' in the context of Shimano rear derailleurs?
A low-profile rear derailleur with a thin body and a very short mounting bolt to keep it close to the bike.
829
What is the purpose of the sacrificial b-link in Shimano Shadow derailleurs?
To house the short mounting bolt and snap off to save the derailleur in the event of a hard impact.
830
What factors determine how well a derailleur tracks the cogs?
* Chain length
* Balance between the springs in the upper and lower knuckle pivots
* b-screw adjustment
831
What do the two limit screws on a rear derailleur do?
Prevent the derailleur from moving the chain too far to the inside (into the spokes) or to the outside (into the dropout).
832
Where is the cable-tensioning barrel adjuster located on a rear derailleur?
At the back of the derailleur, where the cable enters it.
833
What is the torque specification for tightening the derailleur's mounting bolt?
8-10 N-m.
834
True or False: All rear derailleurs have a b-screw for adjustment.
False.
835
Fill in the blank: The _______ controls the space between the bottom of the cogs and the upper jockey wheel.
[b-screw]
836
What is the first step in installing a rear derailleur?
Grease the derailleur's mounting bolt threads.
837
How should a derailleur be aligned for mounting?
Rotate the derailleur back (clockwise) so the b-screw is behind the flat on the back of the derailleur hanger.
838
What distinguishes axle-mounted Shimano Saint rear derailleurs from others?
They mount to the axle of the rear hub instead of the dropout derailleur hanger.
839
What is the function of the clutch lever switch in some derailleurs?
To engage or disengage the clutch mechanism.
840
List the tools required to tighten the cable-fixing bolt.
* 5mm hex key
* Torx T25
* 8mm box wrench
841
What should be ensured about the chain before connecting it to the derailleur?
That it is the correct length.
842
What happens to inexpensive derailleurs that do not have a b-screw?
They have a nonadjustable tab extending inward where the b-screw would be.
843
What is the purpose of the tensioning screw (b-screw) on the derailleur?
To control the space between the bottom of the cogs and the upper jockey wheel.
844
What is the first step in installing a Shimano rear derailleur on a direct mount?
Install the rear wheel into the dropouts and push the axle through it from the nondrive side.
845
What should be done to the threaded, drive-side end of the axle before installing the derailleur?
Grease the threaded, drive-side end of the axle.
846
Where should the derailleur's end stopper be positioned during installation?
In the dropout slot adjacent to the hub axle.
847
What is the purpose of the b-screw in derailleur installation?
To position the derailleur correctly behind the dropout-hanger tab.
848
What should be checked regarding the chain before connecting it during installation?
Make sure that it is the correct length.
849
What tools are required to tighten the cable-fixing bolt during installation?
A 5mm hex key, a Torx T25, or an 8mm box wrench.
850
What is the purpose of the bump stopper screw on the upper knuckle?
To stop the derailleur so that the lower pivot cannot hit the chainstay.
851
What should be done before starting derailleur adjustments?
Lubricate or replace the chain to ensure smooth drivetrain operation.
852
What is the primary function of limit screws on a rear derailleur?
To prevent damage to the frame, rear wheel, or derailleur by limiting movement.
853
How do you identify the high-gear limit screw on a rear derailleur?
It is often labeled H and is usually the upper of the two screws.
854
What should be done if there is hesitation when dropping to the small cog?
Adjust the cable tension before touching the limit screws.
855
What is the procedure for adjusting the high-gear limit screw?
Loosen it one-quarter turn at a time until the chain reliably drops quickly and easily.
856
What does the low-gear limit screw prevent?
It stops the inward movement of the rear derailleur to prevent it from going into the spokes.
857
How can you check which is the low-gear limit screw?
It is usually labeled L and is the bottom screw.
858
Fill in the blank: To install cables and housings during derailleur installation, refer to sections _______.
[5-6 to 5-18]
859
True or False: Derailleurs perform the same under load as they do in a bike stand.
False
860
What is the consequence of improperly set limit screws?
They can lead to damaging the frame, rear wheel, or derailleur.
861
What should you do if the derailleur goes past the smallest cog during adjustment?
Tighten the high-gear limit screw.
862
What is the purpose of the barrel adjuster on the derailleur?
To adjust cable tension.
863
What is the first step in adjusting the derailleur?
Shift the chain to the inner chainring on the front.
864
What should you do if the derailleur touches the spokes?
Tighten the low-gear limit screw.
865
What action should be taken if the derailleur cannot push the chain onto the largest cog?
Loosen the low-gear limit screw.
866
What is the purpose of adjusting cable tension in indexed rear shifters?
It determines whether the derailleur moves to the proper gear with each click.
867
Fill in the blank: To adjust the cable tension, turn the barrel adjuster _______.
counterclockwise.
868
True or False: Recent SRAM rear derailleurs have barrel adjusters.
False.
869
What should you do if the chain overshifts the second cog?
Decrease the cable tension by turning the barrel adjuster clockwise.
870
What does a Low Normal or Rapid Rise rear derailleur require when the chain overshifts?
Increase the tension by turning the barrel adjuster counterclockwise.
871
What is the final check to ensure proper derailleur function?
Shift back and forth across all the cogs to ensure smooth shifting.
872
What can happen if the shifter barrel adjuster does not hold its adjustment?
Derailleur performance will steadily worsen as you ride.
873
What is one temporary fix for a shifter barrel adjuster that does not hold its adjustment?
Apply Finish Line Anti Seize Assembly Lube.
874
What could cause the rear derailleur to move more than one cog spacing with each click?
Using an 8-speed shifter with a 9-speed cogset.
875
What is a common issue when mixing components from different manufacturers?
Some spacers between the cogs may be too thin.
876
What material can be used to create a shim for adjusting cog spacing?
Aluminum cut from a beer or pop can.
877
How thick is a beer-can shim approximately?
0.1mm thick.
878
What should you do if shifting improves but does not completely fix the problem after adding a shim?
Try adding another beer-can shim.
879
How can you optimize shifting performance after adding a shim?
Experiment with various positions for the shims within the cogset.
880
What is the first step in adjusting non-indexed rear shifters?
Remove the slack in the cable
## Footnote
Proper cable tension ensures that the derailleur moves as soon as the shift lever is engaged.
881
What should you do if there is free play in the shift lever?
Tighten the cable by turning the cable barrel adjuster counterclockwise
## Footnote
If there are no barrel adjusters, loosen the cable-fixing bolt, pull slack out with pliers, and retighten.
882
What is the purpose of adjusting the limit screws and cable tension?
To ensure proper shifting performance
## Footnote
Additional adjustments may be necessary for optimal performance.
883
What does the b-screw adjustment change?
The derailleur's position against the derailleur-hanger tab
## Footnote
This adjustment allows for improved shifting precision.
884
What is the recommended chain gap for most derailleurs?
About 6mm
## Footnote
This measurement is taken between the top of the jockey wheel and the bottom of the cog.
885
What chain gap does SRAM recommend for their early ESP derailleurs?
1 to 1¼ links
## Footnote
This is measured with the chain on the middle chainring and largest cog.
886
What is the chain gap specification for Shimano rear derailleurs with a maximum rear cog size of 42 teeth?
5-6mm
## Footnote
If the largest cog is 46 teeth, the chain gap should be set at 8-9mm.
887
True or False: On Shimano Shadow low-profile rear derailleurs, the b-screw pushes against the derailleur hanger.
False
## Footnote
The b-screw pushes against the b-link attached to the upper pivot.
888
What is the specified chain gap for SRAM X-Horizon rear derailleurs?
15mm
## Footnote
These derailleurs are designed for single-chainring drivetrains.
889
What is the function of the lower-knuckle pivot-spring tension adjustment?
Controls chain bounce in older derailleurs
## Footnote
It brings the upper jockey wheel closer to the cogs, increasing tension in the lower run of the chain.
890
What should be done before adjusting the lower-knuckle spring tension?
Disassemble the derailleur pivot
## Footnote
This adjustment is complex and should be justified.
891
Fill in the blank: Modern mountain-bike derailleurs generally have a _______ at the lower pivot to minimize bouncing of the chain.
[clutch]
## Footnote
Clutches make the jockey-wheel cage hard to rotate.
892
What happens if you increase the lower-knuckle spring tension?
It reduces chain bouncing over rough terrain
## Footnote
This may increase drag on the chain but can improve performance in gravity-driven riding.
893
What is the purpose of the setscrew on post-1997 Shimano XT, LX, and STX rear derailleurs?
It allows disassembly of the pivot without disconnecting the derailleur from the cable and chain.
894
What tool is required to remove the setscrew on the lower pivot of Shimano derailleurs?
2mm hex key.
895
What happens if the jockey cage is turned in the wrong direction during derailleur adjustment?
It can deform the spring, preventing it from fitting back in the knuckle.
896
In Shimano derailleurs, where is the p-spring typically located by default?
In the low-tension hole.
897
What is a complication when adjusting the p-spring tension on older Shimano derailleurs?
There is no setscrew on the lower-knuckle housing.
898
What should be checked if the rear derailleur does not shift well?
Ensure that neither the derailleur nor the derailleur hanger on the frame dropout is bent.
899
What does a tighter clutch in a Shimano chain stabilizer do?
Increases chain retention but makes downshifting heavier.
900
How can you turn off the clutch in a Shimano derailleur?
Using the clutch lever switch.
901
What is the risk of using a Shimano derailleur without its clutch cover?
The clutch can fill with water and dirt, causing it to cease functioning.
902
What is the recommended torque for adjusting the clutch screw in Shimano derailleurs?
Not exceeding 0.25 N-m of torque.
903
What type of key is used for older models when checking clutch adjustment?
5mm hex key.
904
What type of key is used for newer models when checking clutch adjustment?
Torx T30 key.
905
Fill in the blank: The p-spring tension can be increased by moving the spring end into a __________.
different spring hole.
906
True or False: The clutch adjustment screw is located on the top of the clutch housing.
False.
907
What is the function of the tall stopscrew in older Shimano derailleurs?
Prevents the jockey cage from twisting all the way around.
908
What should be done if the derailleur is making noise in mild cross-gears?
Check for bent derailleur or derailleur hanger.
909
What is the effect of a tighter clutch on shifting?
Makes for a heavier downshift and harder multi-shifting.
910
What is the correct torque range for setting the clutch torque?
3.5-5.4 N-m
## Footnote
This range is important for proper clutch function.
911
What tool is used to adjust the clutch torque?
2mm hex key
## Footnote
The adjustment is done by turning the clutch adjuster screw.
912
If the clutch torque cannot be set without exceeding 0.25 N-m, what might be the issue?
Grease on the clutch shaft or the cam in the wrong position
## Footnote
This requires overhauling the clutch to fix.
913
What should be done after adjusting the clutch torque?
Replace the adjustment-screw cover
## Footnote
Covers can be rubber leashed or plastic.
914
What is the function of the front derailleur?
Moves the chain between the chainrings
## Footnote
It consists of a cage, linkage, and an arm attached to the shifter cable.
915
How is the front derailleur typically attached to the frame?
By a clamp surrounding the seat tube
## Footnote
Some frames may not include a front derailleur band clamp due to design constraints.
916
What are the two main mounting styles for front derailleurs?
* Direct-mount
* Bolt-on
## Footnote
Direct-mounts attach directly to the frame's mounts, while bolt-ons use a clamp.
917
What distinguishes Shimano bottom-bracket-mounted front derailleurs?
They are called E-type
## Footnote
E-types can attach to the face of the bottom bracket or a braze-on boss.
918
What are the two types of clamps used for mounting front derailleurs?
* High clamp
* Low clamp
## Footnote
The choice depends on the derailleur mechanism and frame design.
919
What is a top-swing front derailleur?
Has a band clamp or bolt-on plate lower than the cage height
## Footnote
The activation linkage and pivots are positioned behind the cage.
920
What is a down-swing front derailleur?
Has a band clamp or bolt-on plate above the cage
## Footnote
The linkage and cage pivot are above the cage.
921
What is the benefit of a side-swing front derailleur?
Greater tire clearance
## Footnote
It moves the cable and actuation arm farther forward from the tire knobs.
922
What distinguishes a bottom-pull front derailleur from a top-pull?
Cable direction: bottom-pull comes from below, top-pull from above
## Footnote
The cable routing affects the derailleur's activation.
923
What is a dual cable-pull option in modern front derailleurs?
Allows cable to come from above or below
## Footnote
This provides flexibility in installation.
924
What is the first step in installing a band type front derailleur?
Clamp the front derailleur around the seat tube
## Footnote
Ensure the correct size band clamp or shims are used.
925
What clamp diameter do modern Shimano and older SRAM front derailleurs typically accommodate?
35mm (1⅜-inch) diameter seat tube with shims for either 31.8mm (1¼-inch) or 28.6mm (1⅛-inch) seat tubes.
926
What is the purpose of C-shaped aluminum shims in Shimano front derailleurs?
They are held in place by C-shaped plastic brackets that clip within the circle of the front-derailleur band clamp.
927
What is a direct mount front derailleur?
A derailleur that bolts directly to either the seat tube or the swingarm of a full-suspension bike.
928
What mounting configurations are available for SRAM XX direct-mount front derailleurs?
S1, S2, and S3 configurations depending on the mounting system on the frame, with top-pull and bottom-pull models.
929
How is the Shimano E-type front derailleur mounted?
It mounts to a plate that fits between the bottom-bracket cup and the bottom bracket shell.
930
What initial step is required to install a Shimano E-type front derailleur?
Remove the bottom bracket.
931
What type of adjustment is not available for E-type front derailleurs?
Height and rotational adjustments.
932
What is the recommended height position for the outer cage of a front derailleur above the outer chainring?
1-2mm (1/16-3/32 inch).
933
What tool is commonly used to adjust the position of a seat-tube-clamp front derailleur?
5mm hex key, T25 Torx, or 8mm box wrench.
934
What are the two limit screws on a front derailleur labeled as?
L for low gear (small chainring) and H for high gear (large chainring).
935
True or False: Direct-mount front derailleurs are chainring-size-specific.
True.
936
Fill in the blank: The outer plate of the derailleur cage should be ______ to the chainrings when viewed from above.
[parallel]
937
What should be done with the Pro-set alignment block during the installation of a Shimano front derailleur?
Leave it in place for the height adjustment step and remove it for the rotation adjustment.
938
What happens to the front derailleur when the suspension on a full-suspension bike moves?
The derailleur moves forward and back over the chainring.
939
What type of mounting does a bottom-bracket face-mounting front derailleur use?
Direct-mount.
940
What is a common feature of less expensive E-type front derailleurs?
They have a C-shaped stabilizer that fixes rotational adjustment.
941
How can the rotational adjustment of some E-type front derailleurs be achieved?
By twisting the band clamp around the seat tube a few degrees.
942
How can you determine which limit screw controls which function on a front derailleur?
Shift the chain to the inner ring and tighten one of the limit screws. If it moves the derailleur outward, it is the low-gear limit screw; if not, the other screw is the low-gear limit screw.
943
What should you do if the chain drops off the little ring to the inside?
Tighten the low-gear limit screw (clockwise) one-quarter turn and try shifting again.
944
What adjustment should be made if the chain does not drop easily onto the inner chainring?
Loosen the low-gear limit screw (counterclockwise) one-quarter turn and repeat the shift.
945
What is the process for adjusting the high-gear limit screw?
Shift the chain between the middle and outer chainrings, tighten the high-gear limit screw if the chain jumps over the big chainring, or loosen it if the chain is sluggish going up.
946
What is the first step in cable-tension adjustment?
With the chain on the inner chainring, remove any excess cable slack.
947
True or False: The tension adjustment for cables works only for indexed shifters.
False. This tension adjustment will work for indexed as well as friction shifters.
948
What should you do if your derailleur rubs in cross-gears or throws the chain off despite adjustments?
Refer to the chainline discussion in the troubleshooting section.
949
What should be done regularly to maintain derailleurs?
Regularly replace cables and housings that have broken strands, kinks, or fraying.
950
What characteristics should be considered when buying new cables and housing?
Cables and housing must be for indexed systems, have minimal stretch, and not compress in length.
951
Fill in the blank: To prevent cable fraying, buy _______.
cable crimp caps.
952
What is a useful tool to guide new cables through a frame with internal routing?
Thin plastic tubing.
953
What should you use to cut cable housing to length?
A special cable-housing cutter.
954
What is important to ensure when cutting housing to length?
The housing should curve smoothly from cable stop to cable stop without sharp bends.
955
What should be done if the new internal shift cables cross each other inside the down tube?
They should cross a maximum of once to avoid undue friction.
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