malabsorption

Question 1

problems from post-gastrectomysyndrome and what kind of anaemia does it produce

Answer 1

Rapid emptying of food from stomach into the duodenum: diarrhoea, abdominal pain, hypoglycaemia
Complications: Vitamin B12 and iron malabsorption, osteoporosis
-pernicious anaemia as lack of intrinsic factor for b12

Question 2

treatment of post gastrectomy syndrome

Answer 2

Treatment: High protein, low carbohydrate diet. Replace B12/Fe/Ca

Question 3

what function does the stomach have in digestion

Answer 3

• intrinsic factor binds to b12

- pepsin digests protein

Question 4

what secretes pepsin

Answer 4

chief cells

Question 5

what secretes gastric acid

Answer 5

parietal cells

Question 6

what is absorbed in the duodenum

Answer 6

• bile salts/lipases break down triglycerides so absorb fatty acids
• proteases break down protein so amino acids absorbed
• amylase breaks down cho so disaccharides absorbed

Question 7

where is iron absorbed

Answer 7

end of duodenum

Question 8

what is absorbed in the jejunum

Answer 8

• calcium
• folate
• fat soluble vitamins
• ffa
• monoglycerides
• b12
• water
• sodium

Question 9

what is absorbed in the ileum

Answer 9

-bile salt acids
-b12
-intrinsic factor
water and sodium

Question 10

what does the colon absorb

Answer 10

• some bile acids
• water
• electrolytes

Question 11

what is short bowel syndrome

Answer 11

dehydration and malabsorption when massive intestinal resection especially of the ileum

• malabsorb bile salts especially and b12 so get increased fat loss
• malabsorb carbs produces diarrhoea
• malabsorb trace elements eg zinc if jejunum affected

Question 12

glut 1 found

Answer 12

brain

Question 13

glut 2 found

Answer 13

liver kidney intestine and pancreas

Question 14

glut 3 found

Answer 14

on the brain

low kM so constant uptake rate to blood glucose

Question 15

glut 4 found and what is it responsive too

Answer 15

muscle and heart and adipose responds to insulin

Question 16

glut 5 found and what is it for

Answer 16

jejunum for fructose

Question 17

sglt 1 found and what is it dependent on

Answer 17

duo
jejunum
kidney
needs sodium

Question 18

maltose is made from

Answer 18

2 glucose disaccharide

Question 19

isomatose is made from

Answer 19

2 glucose disaccharide

Question 20

lactose from

Answer 20

galactose and glucose

Question 21

sucrose is

Answer 21

glucose and fructose

Question 22

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 22

• Miglitol
• Voglibose
• Acarbose

Question 23

alcohol metabolism

Answer 23

ethanol
acetaldehyde-ethanal
ethanoic acid- acetic acid

• alcohol dehydrogenase
• aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 24

what hormones control fat metabolism

Answer 24

o Insulin decrease
o Adrenalin
o Glucagon
o Growth hormone: all increase lipase to break them up