MANAGEMENT

Question 1

also known as supplemental oxygen,
is the use of oxygen as medical treatment. Acute
indications for therapy include hypoxemia and carbon
monoxide toxicity.

Answer 1

Oxygen therapy,

Question 2

administration of oxygen at concentrations
greater than in ambient air with the intent of treating or preventing the
symptoms and manifestations of hypoxia.

Answer 2

oxygen therapy

Question 3

Goal of O2 Therapy

Answer 3

Goal: The overall goal of O2 therapy is to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation while minimizing
cardiopulmonary work.

Question 4

Objectives of O2 therapy

Answer 4

 Correct documented or suspected acute hypoxemia.
 Decrease symptoms associated with chronic hypoxemia.
 Minimizing cardiopulmonary workload.

Question 5

*Easiest objective to attain and measure
*By raising alveolar and blood levels of oxygen

Answer 5

correcting hypoxemia

Question 6

Decreasing symptoms of hypoxemia

Answer 6

*Supplemental oxygen can help relieve symptoms of associated with certain lung disorders.

*It lessens dyspnea and work of breathing

*Improve mental function

Question 7

Cardiopulmonary System will compensate for Hypoxemia by:

Answer 7

• Increasing ventilation and cardiac output.
• Increasing work of breathing.
• Increase cardiac output.
• Increase workload on the right side of the heart.

Question 8

Basic ways to assess the need of Oxygen Therapy

Answer 8

• Laboratory Measures
• Clinical Problem or Condition

Question 9

Indications of O2 Therapy

Answer 9

• PaO2 < 60 mmHg or SaO2 < 90% in subjects breathing room air
• PaO2 or SaO2 is below desirable range for a specific clinical situation
• Acute care situation (hypoxemia is suspected)
• Severe trauma
• Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Short term therapy / surgical intervention

Question 10

Oxygen toxicity can occur with :

Fio2 —— longer than 36 hrs
Fio2——-longer than 24 hrs
Fio2——-longer than 12hrs

Answer 10

> 60%,>80%,>100%

Question 11

Possible complications in O2 Therapy

Answer 11

1. Atelectasis
2. O2 toxicity
3. Retinopathy or Prematurity (in infants)
4. Respiratory depression
5. Reduce mucociliary activity
6. Bacterial contamination

Question 12

Methods of dispensing oxygen

Answer 12

Piped in
Cylinder
Oxygen concentrator

Question 13

Calculating how long cylinder content will last:

Answer 13

Minutes remaining in cylinder= Cylinder pressure x cylinder factor over Flow Rate

Question 14

To convert min to hour, divide the final answer to

Answer 14

60

Question 15

CYLINDER SIZE VOLUME/ CYLINDER FACTOR

D

E

G

H

K

Answer 15

D 0.16 L/psig

E 0.28 L/psig

G 2.41 L/psig

H 3.14 L/psig

K 3.14 L/psig

Question 16

What are the oxygen delivery devices?

Answer 16

Low-flow Delivery Systems
Reservoir Delivery Systems
High-flow Delivery Systems
Enclosure Delivery Systems

Question 17

provides oxygen at flow of 8lpm or less

Answer 17

Low-flow Delivery Systems

Question 18

Examples of low flow delivery systems

Answer 18

1. NASAL CANNULA
2. NASAL CATHETER
3. TRANSTRACHEAL CATHETER

Question 19

Flow that equal or exceed the patient’s peak inspiratory flow

Answer 19

High flow delivery systems

Question 20

examples of high flow delivery system

Answer 20

1. Air- Entrainment Mask
2. Air- Entrainment Neblizer
3. High- Flow Nasal Cannula

Question 21

DELIVERS MODERATE TO HIGH FiO2

Answer 21

Reservoir delivery system

Question 22

examples of reservoir delivery system

Answer 22

Simple mask, Reservoir Cannula, Partial re- breathing mask, Non- re- breathing mask

Question 23

Completely Enclosing the patient
from the outside environment

Answer 23

enclosure delivery system

Question 24

Enclosure delivery syste examples

Answer 24

Oxygen Tent, Oxygen Hood

Question 25

A PLASTIC DISPOSABLE DEVICE CONSISTING OF TWO TIPS OR PRONGS 1 CM LONG CONNECTED TO OXYGEN TUBING

Answer 25

nasal cannula

Question 26

FiO2 of nasal cannula

Answer 26

24—40% LPM

Question 27

Flow of nasal cannula

Answer 27

1⁄4 - 8Lpm ( adult)  2 LPM ( CHILD)

Question 28

is a soft plastic tube with several small holes at the tip that is inserted by gently advancing it along the floor of either nasal passage and visualizing it just behind and above the uvula.  rarely used device

Answer 28

Nasal catheter.

Question 29

 used for limited, short-term O2 administration during specialized procedures such as a bronchoscopy.  It should be replaced with a new one (placed in the opposite naris) at least every 8 hours.

Answer 29

nasal catheter

Question 30

is a thin polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) catheter inserted into the trachea between the second and third tracheal rings, secured by a chain necklace.  Compared with a nasal cannula, a transtracheal catheter needs approximately half of the O2 flow to achieve a given PaO2  however, transtracheal O2 therapy can pose serious problems and risks and these devices are not currently in widespread use.

Answer 30

transtracheal catheter

Question 31

Low to medium concentration of O2 PATIENT exhales through ports on sides of mask Should not be used for controlled O2 levels

Answer 31

simple oxygen mask

Question 32

O2 flow rate- 6 to 8L Can cause skin breakdown; must remove to eat.

Answer 32

simple oxygen mask

Question 33

Consists of mask with exhalation ports and reservoir bag Reservoir bag must remain inflated O2 flow rate - 6 to 10L (FIO2=60%- 80%)

Answer 33

partial rebreathing mask

Question 34

has 3 undirectional valves, to deliver 100% O2 bag should be remained inflation 6 to 15 L PM (FIO2=80%- 100%)

Answer 34

non rebeathing mask

Question 35

characteristics of AED

Answer 35

1. AMOUNT OF AIR ENTRAINED VARIES DIRECTLY WITH SIZE OF THE PORTS AND VELOCITY OF O2 AT JET. 2. THEY DILUTE OXYGEN SOURCE WITH AIR 3. THE MORE AIR THEY ENTRAIN, THE HIGHER IS THE TOTAL OUTPUT FLOW BUT THE LOWER IS DELIVERED FiO2

Question 36

2 most common air- entrainment system are:

Answer 36

1.Air- Entrainment Mask ( Venturi Mask) 2. Air- Entrainment Nebulizer

Question 37

Venturi or Air-Entrainment Mask *50% – *40% – *35% – *31%; *28% – *24%

Answer 37

* green; * red; * yellow; is orange; * – white; * is blue.

Question 38

FiO2 Range: ---------

Answer 38

24%-50%

Question 39

Flow meter setting typically from 10-15 LPM; should provide an output flow of at least 60 LPM.  Delivered FIO2 ranges from 0.28 to 1.0.

Answer 39

Air Entrainment nebulizer

Question 40

Types of Air-Entrainment Nebulizer Interfaces

Question 41

covers only the head of the infant * O2 is delivered to hood through either a heated entrainment nebulizer or a blending system

Answer 41

oxygen hood

Question 42

* Fixed performance device Fio2 - 21-100% * Minimum Flow > 7/ min to prevent CO2 accumulation

Answer 42

oxygen hood

Question 43

evaluation

Answer 43

 Breathing pattern regular and at normal rate  pink color in nail beds, lips, conjunctiva of eyes.  No confusion, disorientation, difficulty with cognition.  Arterial oxygen concentration or hemoglobin  Oxygen saturation within normal limits.

Question 44

documentation

Answer 44

Date and time oxygen started Method of delivery. Oxygen concentration and flow rate. Patient observation. Add oronasal care to the IF ITS DONE