management

Question 1

what is meant by management

Answer 1

The process of dealing with or controlling things or people.

Question 2

what are functions of management

Answer 2

• communicating
• controlling
• co-ordinating
• decision making
• evaluating progress
• leading
• motivating
• planning

Question 3

what are constraints on management

Answer 3

• skills of the leader’s ability to lead and or motivate
• ability to make decisions
• strength of the leader and therefore ability to delegate
• other departments/ managers within the organisation
• structure of the organisation, whether centralised or decentralised
• nature of the market in which the business operates
• state of the economy (level of inflation/ unemployment/ growth balance of payments/ strength of the pound)
• objectives of the business
• level of unionisation
• amount of competition within the market
• budget of the business and subsequently the department in which the manager/ leader operates

Question 4

what is meant by leadership

Answer 4

the action of leading a group of people or an organization, or the ability to do this.

Question 5

leadership theory- Carlyle and Galton

Answer 5

Their ‘trait theory’ concentrates on the traits exhibited by successful leaders or, the characteristics required of a leader.
The original thoughts suggested that the characteristics required of a good leader were attributes that such leaders had; they were not learnt.
Once these ideas were looked at in the 1980s, key characteristics of an effective leader were highlighted:
- motivational: the ability to motivate others
- integrity: showing a ethical approach
- self-confidence: being assured
- creative: new ideas
- intelligent: able to reason, and solve problems.

Question 6

leadership theory-

McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

Answer 6

the theory of how managers view employees.

A Theory X views employees as:

• lazy - disliking work and responsibility
• lacking the will to work unsupervised
• lacking initiative
• largely motivated by money

Question 7

leadership theory

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Question 8

leadership theory

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Question 9

leadership theory

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Question 10

leadership theory

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Question 11

leadership theory

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Question 12

leadership theory

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Question 13

leadership theory

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Question 14

leadership theory

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Question 15

leadership theory

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Question 16

leadership theory

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Question 17

leadership theory

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Question 18

behavioural theory- Blake and Moulton’s managerial grid

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Question 19

contingency theory- Lewin’s

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Question 20

contingency theory-

Tannenbaum

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Question 21

contingency theory-

Schmidt’s behavioural continuum

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Question 22

functional theory-

Adair’s three circles

Answer 22

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Question 23

what is a autocratic leader

Answer 23

typical characteristics of an autocratic manager:

• sets the work and expects it to be performed precisely as directed
• does not involve employees in decision making
• very strict
• doesn’t believe in employee autonomy
• believes in top down communication and doesn’t encourage employee participation
• believes in close supervision
• thinks employees are solely motivated by money

Question 24

what is a democratic leader

Answer 24

a typical democratic manager:

• encourages employee input into decision making
• believes in employee autonomy
• encourages two-way communication
• allows employees to use their initiative

Question 25

what is a laissez-faire leader

Answer 25

typical characteristics of laissez-faire managers: - is remote for employees - provides very little direction for employees - adopts a 'let them get on with it' approach - often requires employees to set their own tasks and objectives

Question 26

what is a paternalistic leader

Answer 26

typical characteristics of a paternalistic manager includes: - wanting the workforce to feel involved in decision making - consulting employees - persuading employees to accept his or her view, regardless of the employee's own views.

Question 27

what is the impact and importance of leadership for a business and its stakeholders

Answer 27

- employee motivation | - leads to stakeholders dividends

Question 28

what is meant by motivation

Answer 28

a strong desire to act in a particular way and to achieve a certain result.

Question 29

McClelland

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Question 30

Herzberg

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Question 31

Maslow

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Question 32

Vroom

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Question 33

Locke

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Question 34

Drucker's

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Question 35

Peter's

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Question 36

what are monetary methods of motivation

Answer 36

- pay rises - bonuses - piece rate - shares

Question 37

what are non-monetary methods of motivation

Answer 37

- praise - staff parties - job enlargement - job enrichment - job rotation - teamwork (opportunities)

Question 38

what is the usefulness of motivation practices for a business and its stakeholders

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Question 39

what is meant by employer/ employee relations

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Question 40

what are the benefits of good employer/ employee relations for a business and its stakeholders

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Question 41

what are the costs of poor employee relations for a business and its stakeholders.

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Question 42

minimum wage

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Question 43

health and safety

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Question 44

equality

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Question 45

data protection

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Question 46

dismissal

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Question 47

grievance

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Question 48

what is meant by employee participation

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Question 49

employee participation- industrial democracy

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Question 50

employee participation- participative decision making

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Question 51

employee participation- works councils

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Question 52

what is the impact and importance of employee participation to a business and its stakeholders

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Question 53

what is meant by a trade union

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Question 54

what is the role of a trade union

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Question 55

what are the advantages of a trade union membership for a business and its stakeholders

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Question 56

what are the disadvantages of a trade union membership for a business and its stakeholders

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Question 57

what are the social influences on human resources

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Question 58

what are the legal influences on human resources

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Question 59

what are the ethical influences on human resources

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Question 60

what are the environmental and economic influences on human resources

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Question 61

what are the political influences on human resources

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Question 62

what are the technological and international influences on human resources

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Question 63

what is the impact and importance of a human resources strategy for a business and its stakeholders

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