are critical components in aquaculture management, as they directly influence survival rate, growth performance, and overall farm productivity
Seed supply and stocking
Common feeding methods of fish
hand feeding
broadcast feeding
use of automatic or demand feeders
Handling should be limited in
frequency and duration, and preferably conducted during _______ periods of the day when dissolved oxygen levels are higher
cooler
Feeding is typically done _________, especially for juvenile stages with higher metabolic rates.
multiple times a day
Types of feeds
- Natural
- Formulated
- Floating/Sinking
ENUMERATE
Natural feeds
plankton
algae
benthic organisms
are naturally present or
cultured in the system and serve as primary food sources, especially for larval
and filter-feeding species
Natural feeds
are commercially manufactured diets designed to meet the nutritional
requirements of specific species and life stages
Formulated feeds
These feeds may be floating or sinking
Formulated feeds
these feeds allow easy monitoring of feeding behavior and reduce
waste
floating feeds
these feeds are suitable for
bottom-feeding species that consume feed at the pond or tank floor
sinking feeds
Water Quality Monitoring
Temperature, pH, Dissolved
Oxygen, Salinity
involves regular observation of behavior, appearance, and mortality rates to detect early signs of stress or
disease
Stock health monitoring
Purpose of Sorting
Size, uniformity,reduced cannibalism
separate stocks by size to
ensure uniform growth,reduced
competition for food and prevent
cannibalism among larger and
smaller individuals.
Sorting
is done manually or mechanically using nets,graders, or
screens and is usually performed
regularly during the grow-out
period to maintain the uniform
stock size and improve survival.
Grading
include practices that prevent the entry and spread of diseases within the farm, such as quarantine, sanitation, and controlled movement of stock and equipment
Biosecurity measures
ENUMERATE
culture systems
- Ponds
- Pens
- Raceways
- Cages
- Tanks
ARE COMMONLY USED FOR FISH AND SHRIMP CULTURE DUE TO THEIR LOW COST AND ABILITY TO SUPPORT NATURAL FOOD PRODUCTION
EARTHEN OR LINED PONDS
ARE ENCLOSED STRUCTURES PLACED IN NATURAL WATER BODIES SUCH AS LAKES OR COASTAL AREAS, ALLOWING CONTINUOUS WATER EXCHANGE
Cages
ARE FIXED ENCLOSURES INSTALLED IN SHALLOW WATER BODIES AND ARE USED TO CULTURE FISH WHILE UTILIZING NATURAL PRODUCTIVITY.
PENS
ARE CONTROLLED CULTURE UNITS MADE OF CONCRETE, FIBERGLASS, OR PLASTIC, SUITABLE FOR INTENSIVE AND SMALL SCALE SYSTEMS.
Tanks
ARE LONG, NARROW CHANNELS WITH CONTINUOUS WATER FLOW, COMMONLY USED FOR SPECIES REQUIRING HIGH OXYGEN LEVELS.
RACEWAYS
ENUMERATE
water sources
FRESHWATER, BRACKISH, MARINE
