mandibular

Question 1

_______ premolars are more similar to each other than ______ premolars

Answer 1

maxillary, mandibular

Question 2

which premolars from the facial view have a common appearance?

Answer 2

maxillary and mandibular

Question 3

which mandibular premolars are always larger in the same mouth?

Answer 3

second mandibular

Question 4

compare the roots of mandibular premolars to canine roots

Answer 4

both premolar roots are shorter than the canine root

Question 5

describe the facial cusp of a mandibular premolar.

describe the lingual cusps

Answer 5

single, well developed

lingual

• less developed
• 1st: single lingual cusp
• 2nd: 1 or 2 cusps, may develop from 4 or 5 lobes

Question 6

which premolars show lingual convergence? lingual divergence?

Answer 6

lingual convergence:

• mandibular 1st
• 2 cusp mandibular 2nd

lingual divergence
- 3 cusp mandibular 2nd premolar

Question 7

copare mandibular premolars to the mandibular anterior teeth

• FL vs. MD dimensions
• contact areas
• cervical line

Answer 7

mandibular premolars:

• FL > MD
• broader contact areas
• flatter cervical line

Question 8

describe the mandibular first premolar, buccal view

• bilateral symmetry?
• shape of cusp
• mesial ridge vs distal
• vertical depressions

Answer 8

• nearly symmetrical bilaterally
• pointed cusp
• mesial ridge shorter than distal
• slight vertical deppresions

Question 9

describe the buccal ridge on the mandibular first premolar

Answer 9

a ridge extending from the cervical third to the cups tips

Question 10

describe the mandibular first premolar, lingual view

• occlusal table slants
• what is lingual cusp similar to?
• lingual cusp vs facial cusp

Answer 10

• occlusal table slants cervically
• lingual “cusp” similar to a cingulum
• lingual cusp shorter than facial

Question 11

describe mandibular first premolar, lingual view

• shape of cusp
• mesiolingual groove
• root
• developmental depressions

Answer 11

• pointed and centered lingual cusp
• mesiolingual groove extends from the mesial fossa of the occlusal surface onto the mesiolingual surface
• root more narrow on the lingual
• mesial and developmental depressions are visible

Question 12

describe the mandibular first premolar, proximal view

• position of facial cusp tip
• lingual cusp tip is _________ with lingual root ______
• facial height of contour is in _____
• lingual height of contour is in _____

Answer 12

• facial cusp tip is centered over root
• lingual cusp tip is IN LINE with lingual root OUTLINE
• cervical third
• lingual third

Question 13

describe the mandibular first premolar, proximal view

• triangular ridges, facial and lingual
• angle of mesial marginal ridge
• distal marginal ridge
• mesiolingual groove

Answer 13

• long facial, short lingual triangular ridges
• mesial marginal ridge is at 45 degrees
• distal marginal ridge is nearly horizontal and more coronally positioned
• mesiolingual groove extends from the mesial fossa of the occlusal surface

Question 14

describe the mandibular first premolar, occlusal view

• shape of outline
• shape of occlusal table
• triangular ridges
• what separates mesial and distal pits?

Answer 14

• diamond shaped occlusal outline
• triangular shaped occlusal table
• long facial, short lingual triangular ridges
• triangular ridges form transverse ridge which separates M and D pits

Question 15

describe the mandibular first premolar, occlusal view

• describe the mesial groove
• shape of groove in distal fossa
• position of central groove

Answer 15

• mesial groove in the mesial fossa is continuous with mesiolingual groove
• comma shaped groove in distal fossa
• central groove is lingually positioned

Question 16

why is the central groove lingually positioned?

Answer 16

due to the long triangular ridge of the buccal cusp

Question 17

what type of cusps can be exhibited in a mandibular 2nd premolar

Answer 17

2 or 3 cusp

Question 18

what tooth does the mandibular 2nd premolar have similar qualities with?

Answer 18

mandibular molar

Question 19

compare the first and second premolar, buccal view

• cusp
• cusp ridges angulation
• mesial cusp ridge
• distal cusp ridge
• cusp tip
• distal cup notch more or less common

Answer 19

the second premolar:

• shorter buccal cusp
• cusp ridges show less angulation
• mesial cusp ridge is shorter than distal cusp
• cusp tip is more blunt
• distal cusp notch more common

Question 20

compare the first and second mandibular premolars, lingual view

• lingual lobes
• amount of occlusal surface visible

Answer 20

the second premolar:

• lingual lobes are more developed
• less occlusal surface is visible

Question 21

describe the types of lingual cusps on a mandibular second premolar for the 2 and 1 lingual cusp types
- total cusps, developed from how many lobes

Answer 21

two lingual cusps

• 3 total cusps
• developed from 5 lobes

1 lingual cusp

• 2 total cusps
• developed from 4 lobes

Question 22

what is a distinguishing feature on a 3 cusp mandibular second premolar from the lingual view

Answer 22

3 cusp variety has a lingual groove between the 2 lingual cusps

Question 23

compared to the facial cusp on the mandibular second premolar, compare these from the lingual view

• relative heights of mesiolingual cusps
• relative heights of distolingual cusps

Answer 23

• mesiolingual cusp tip is 1.5mm shorter than facial cusp

- distolingual cusp is about 2.0mm shorter than facial cusp

Question 24

on the second mandibular premolar, which cusp is wider, the mesiolingual or distolingual?

Answer 24

mesiolingual cusp is wider on the second mandibular premolar

Question 25

describe the second mandibular premolar | - position of buccal cusp tip to long axis of tooth

Answer 25

- buccal cusp is facial to long axis | -

Question 26

compare 1st mandibular premolar to the 2nd - mesial marginal ridge - amount of occlusal surface seen

Answer 26

second mandibular premolar: - mesial marginal ridge is at right angles - shorter on second premolar - less occlusal surface may be seen

Question 27

compare first and second mandibular premolars - distolingual cusp visibility - mesiolingual developmental groove - root length - right surface...convex or concave, on which one?

Answer 27

- distolingual cusp not visible on 2nd - no mesiolingual developmental groove on 2nd premolar - longer root on 2nd - 2nd root surface is slightly convex compared to 1st

Question 28

describe the mandibular second premolar, occlusal view with 3 cusps - shape it appears - definition of triangular ridges - presence of transverse ridge - developmental grooves - shape - position of central pit - fossae - which is larger...mesiolingual or distolingual cusp

Answer 28

- appears square - well formed triangular ridges - NO TRANSVERSE RIDGE - developmental grooves: - Y shaped - central pit slighty distal - 3 fossae- mesial, central, distal - mesiolingual cusp is larger/longer

Question 29

does the 3 cusp mandibular 2nd premolar diverge or converge from buccal to lingual? the 2 cusp?

Answer 29

- 3 cusp may diverge from buccal to lingual | - 2 cusp may converge

Question 30

describe the mandibular second premolar, occlusal view with 2 cusps - shape it appears - developmental grooves - types of shapes - fossae - position of lingual cusp

Answer 30

- appears round - developmental grooves - most often: crescent (U) shaped - Possibly H shaped - mesial and distal fossae - may have mesial and distal pits - lingual cusp directly opposite buccal cusp

Question 31

list the percentages for number of canals for the mandibular first premolar. list the same for roots - one canal - two canal - three canal - one root - two roots

Answer 31

- one canal: 74% - two canals: 25% - three canals: 1% - one root: 95% - two roots: 5%

Question 32

list the percentages for number of canals for the mandibular second premolar. list the same for roots - one canal - two canal - three canal - one root - two roots - three roots

Answer 32

- one canal: 93% - two canals: 7% - three canals: 0.5% - one root: 98.5% - two roots: 1% - three roots: 0.5%

Question 33

which mandibular premolar has lobe depressions? a distal notch on the distal cusp ridge?

Answer 33

lobe depressions: 1st premolar distal notch: 2nd premolar

Question 34

which mandibular premolar has a occlusal surface taper? which direction does it taper?

Answer 34

1st premolar, tapers to lingual

Question 35

compare the MMR angles of the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars

Answer 35

- 1st: 45 degrees | - 2nd: nearly horizontal

Question 36

which mandibular premolar has a mesiolingual groove?

Answer 36

first premolar

Question 37

between the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars, which has a DMR that is more occlusal than the MMR?

Answer 37

1st premolar - in the 2nd, the DMR is more cervical than the MMR

Question 38

between the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars, which has a smaller occlusal surface

Answer 38

first premolar

Question 39

how many cusps can there be on a first mandibular premolar? second?

Answer 39

- first: 2 cusps | - second: 2 or 3 cusps

Question 40

which mandibular premolar does not have a transverse ridge?

Answer 40

3 cusp 2nd premolar

Question 41

compare lingual cusps of the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars

Answer 41

- 1st: single, cingulum like | - 2nd: 1 or 2 cusps

Question 42

between the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars, which cusp tip is more pointed?

Answer 42

1st premolar 2nd is more blunt