mangrove ecosystem case study

Question 1

3 importance to the local community

Answer 1

1. Source of Income:
   fishermen and collection of wild honey from beehives
2. Ecosystem Interconnectedness:
   sustaining the food chain
3. Environmental Protection and Sustainability:
   act as natural buffers, essential for the safety and sustainability of the community

Question 2

why isit a life-sustaining ecosystem (2)

Answer 2

• Serve as nurseries and breeding grounds for various organisms, mostly juvenile fish and marine invertebrates.
• Essential in safeguarding ports from natural disasters, complex root systems aid in coastal stabilization by minimizing erosion and acting as a buffer against storm surges and tsunamis.

Question 3

3 threats to the mangrove ecosystem

Answer 3

1. Shrimp Farming
   The use of saline water and chemicals can alter the balance of freshwater and saltwater in the mangrove environment, affecting the growth of mangrove trees.
2. Overexploitation
   Over harvesting of timber and fisheries, can lead to the depletion of key species.
3. Pollution
   Industrial discharges and oil spills from agricultural areas introduce pollutants such as chemicals, heavy metals, and nutrients into mangrove waters which negatively impacts water quality and the overall health of the ecosystem. (3)

Question 4

3 ways to overcome the threats

Answer 4

1. Mangrove Conservation
   Protecting existing mangrove areas by establishing reserves or protected zones helps safeguard these crucial ecosystems from conversion into shrimp ponds.
2. Legislation & Enforcement
   Strengthen laws and regulations aimed at protecting mangrove ecosystems. Penalties for illegal activities, such as deforestation and over harvesting.
3. Pollution Control
   Enforce regulations to control industrial discharges, oil spills, and agricultural runoff.

Question 5

2. impacts of human activities
   ( sungai dinding, kmpg baru sitiawan )

Answer 5

1. Land erosion
   Human’s activity such as developing coastal city requires the need of clearing the mangrove trees along the coastal line. This will lead to erosion by the sea wave as the mangrove will act as natural wave breaker.
2. Habitat Loss
   Mangrove ecosystem is a habitat for varieties of species either sea or terrestrial species. The mangroves act as the breeding grounds for fish and the lack of mangrove forests has caused them to move to other areas and this also negatively impacts fishermen livelihood.